Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing for crop improvement

Samriti Sharma,Rajinder Kaur,Anupama Singh 한국식물생명공학회 2017 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.11 No.4

Plant breeding is one of the oldest sustainable agriculture methods used to increase the yield, quality and other biomaterial for human use. Many crops like fruits, vegetables, ornamental flowers, shrubs and trees, have been long cultivated to satisfy human food and aesthetical needs. Conventional breeding technologies like selection, hybridization, mutation through physical and chemical methods, and modern transgenic approaches are often used to improve the desired traits without inducing the pleiotropic effects. But these breeding methods are highly laborious and complicated to enhance crop production. Recently, targeted genome editing through engineered nuclease including zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator like effector nuclease and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) have been used to improve various traits in plants. Genome editing has emerged as a novel alternative approach to classical breeding with higher mutagenic efficiency. Here, we briefly cover the strengths of CRISPRs in comparison with other genome editing techniques. We also discuss its potential applications in genetic improvement of various crops and future prospective.

Effect of Partial Substitution of Magnetic Rare Earths for La on the Structure, Electric Transport And Magnetic Properties of Oxygen Deficient Phase LaSr₂MnCrO_7-_δ

Singh, Devinder,Sharma, Sushma,Mahajan, Arun,Singh, Suram,Singh, Rajinder Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

Intergrowth perovskite type complex oxides $La_{0.8}Ln_{0.2}Sr_2MnCrO_{7-{\delta}}$ (Ln=La, Nd, Gd, and Dy) have been synthesized by sol-gel method. Rietveld profile analysis shows that the phases crystallize with tetragonal unit cell in the space group I4/mmm. The unit cell parameters a and c decrease with decreasing effective ionic radius of the lanthanide ion. The magnetic studies suggest that the ferromagnetic interactions are dominant due to $Mn^{3+}$-O-$Mn^{4+}$ and $Mn^{3+}$-O-$Cr^{3+}$ double exchange interactions. Both Weiss constant (${\theta}$) and Curie temperature ($T_C$) increase with decreasing ionic radius of lanthanide ion. It was found that the transport mechanism is dominated by Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) model with an increase of Mott localization energy.

Micronutrients and superoxide dismutase in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis: a pilot interventional study

Sunita Daiya,Rajinder Kumar Sharma,Shikha Tewari,Satish Chander Narula,Paramjeet Kumar Sehgal 대한치주과학회 2014 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.44 No.4

Purpose: The study was aimed at investigating changes in periodontal parameters and superoxide dismutase activity triggered by root surface debridement with and without micronutrient supplementation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty-three postmenopausal chronic periodontitis patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=22) were provided periodontal treatment in the form of scaling and root planing (SRP) and group 2 (n=21) patients received SRP along with systemic administration of micronutrient antioxidants. Patients in both groups were subjected to root surface debridement. Group 2 patients also received adjunctive micronutrient antioxidant supplementation. Serum and salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity along with periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Results: Salivary and serum SOD values significantly (P<0.05) improved with periodontal treatment. Improvement in systemic enzymatic antioxidant status along with reduction in gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing (%) sites was significantly greater in group 2 as compared to group 1. Conclusions: Adjunctive micronutrient supplements reduce periodontal inflammation and improve the status of systemic enzymatic antioxidants in postmenopausal women.

Micronutrients and superoxide dismutase in postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis: a pilot interventional study

Daiya, Sunita,Sharma, Rajinder Kumar,Tewari, Shikha,Narula, Satish Chander,Sehgal, Paramjeet Kumar Korean Academy of Periodontology 2014 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.44 No.4

Purpose: The study was aimed at investigating changes in periodontal parameters and superoxide dismutase activity triggered by root surface debridement with and without micronutrient supplementation in postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty-three postmenopausal chronic periodontitis patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=22) were provided periodontal treatment in the form of scaling and root planing (SRP) and group 2 (n=21) patients received SRP along with systemic administration of micronutrient antioxidants. Patients in both groups were subjected to root surface debridement. Group 2 patients also received adjunctive micronutrient antioxidant supplementation. Serum and salivary superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity along with periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Results: Salivary and serum SOD values significantly (P<0.05) improved with periodontal treatment. Improvement in systemic enzymatic antioxidant status along with reduction in gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing (%) sites was significantly greater in group 2 as compared to group 1. Conclusions: Adjunctive micronutrient supplements reduce periodontal inflammation and improve the status of systemic enzymatic antioxidants in postmenopausal women.

Effect of Partial Substitution of Magnetic Rare Earths for La on the Structure, Electric Transport And Magnetic Properties of Oxygen Deficient Phase LaSr2MnCrO7-δ

Devinder Singh,Sushma Sharma,Arun Mahajan,Suram Singh,Rajinder Singh 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

Intergrowth perovskite type complex oxides La0.8Ln0.2Sr2MnCrO7-δ (Ln=La, Nd, Gd, and Dy) have been synthesized by sol-gel method. Rietveld profile analysis shows that the phases crystallize with tetragonal unit cell in the space group I4/mmm. The unit cell parameters a and c decrease with decreasing effective ionic radius of the lanthanide ion. The magnetic studies suggest that the ferromagnetic interactions are dominant due to Mn3+–O–Mn4+ and Mn3+–O–Cr3+ double exchange interactions. Both Weiss constant (θ) and Curie temperature (TC) increase with decreasing ionic radius of lanthanide ion. It was found that the transport mechanism is dominated by Mott’s variable range hopping (VRH) model with an increase of Mott localization energy.

Impact of iron deficiency anemia on chronic periodontitis and superoxide dismutase activity: a cross-sectional study

Souvik Chakraborty,Shikha Tewari,Rajinder Kumar Sharma,Satish Chander Narula,Pratap Singh Ghalaut,Veena Ghalaut 대한치주과학회 2014 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.44 No.2

Purpose: Both chronic periodontitis (CP) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) induce oxidativestress in the body and cause an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants,such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study explored the SOD enzyme activity ofsaliva and serum in CP patients with and without IDA and analyzed the impact of IDA on CP. Methods: A total of 82 patients were divided into four groups: control group (CG, 22), periodontallyhealthy IDA patients (IDA-PH, 20), CP patients (CP, 20), and IDA patients with CP(IDA-CP, 20). After clinical measurements and samplings, serum and salivary SOD levels weredetermined using an SOD assay kit. Results: IDA-CP patients exhibited a higher gingival index, bleeding on probing, probingpocket depth, and percentage (%) of sites with a clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ≥6 mm(P<0.008) than CP patients. The mean salivary and serum SOD levels were significantly lowerin the IDA-PH, CP, and IDA-CP patients than in the CG group (P<0.008). A significantpositive correlation between salivary and serum SOD activity was observed in IDA (P<0.05). Furthermore, serum and salivary SOD levels were significantly and negatively correlated withall periodontal parameters including the percentage of sites with CAL of 4–5 and ≥6 mm(P<0.05) except the significant correlation between salivary SOD activity and mean CAL andthe percentage of sites with CAL of 4–5 mm (P>0.05) in these patients. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that IDA patients withchronic periodontitis have more periodontal breakdowns than patients with chronic periodontitis. Serum and salivary SOD activity levels were lower in the IDA-PH, CP and IDA-CPgroups than in the CG. Iron deficiency anemia influenced the serum SOD activity but did notseem to affect the salivary SOD activity in these patients.

Expression of DNA Methyltransferases in Breast Cancer Patients and to Analyze the Effect of Natural Compounds on DNA Methyltransferases and Associated Proteins

Sameer Mirza,Gayatri Sharma,Rajinder Parshad,Sidhartha Datta Gupta,Pranav Pandya,Ranju Ralhan 한국유방암학회 2013 Journal of breast cancer Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The DNA methylation mediated by specific DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), results in the epigenetic silencing of multiple genes which are implicated in human breast cancer. We hypothesized that the natural compounds modulate the expression of DNMTs and their associated proteins in the breast cancer cell lines and affect the methylation mediated gene silencing. Methods: The DNMTs transcript expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the tumors and the adjacent normal breast tissues of the patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. We tested the hypothesis that the natural compounds, viz., epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), genistein, withaferin A, curcumin, resveratrol, and guggulsterone, have demethylation potential. To investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed the DNMTs expression at the transcript levels, followed by the analysis of DNMT1 and its associated proteins (HDAC1, MeCP2, and MBD2). Results: The increased DNMTs transcripts expression, viz., DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, in the breast cancer tissues suggest involvement of the DNMTs in the breast carcinogenesis. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the treatment with natural compounds, viz., EGCG, genistein, withaferin A, curcumin, resveratrol, and guggulsterone, resulted in a significant decrease in the transcript levels of all the DNMTs investigated. Importantly, these natural compounds decreased the protein levels of DNMT1, HDAC1, and MeCP2. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the natural compounds, EGCG, genistein, withaferin A, curcumin, resveratrol, and guggulsterone, have the potential to reverse the epigenetic changes. Moreover, their lack of toxicity makes these natural compounds promising candidates for the chemoprevention of the breast cancer. In-depth future mechanistic studies aimed to elucidate how these compounds affect the gene transcription are warranted.

Impact of iron deficiency anemia on chronic periodontitis and superoxide dismutase activity: a cross-sectional study

Chakraborty, Souvik,Tewari, Shikha,Sharma, Rajinder Kumar,Narula, Satish Chander,Ghalaut, Pratap Singh,Ghalaut, Veena Korean Academy of Periodontology 2014 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.44 No.2

Purpose: Both chronic periodontitis (CP) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) induce oxidative stress in the body and cause an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study explored the SOD enzyme activity of saliva and serum in CP patients with and without IDA and analyzed the impact of IDA on CP. Methods: A total of 82 patients were divided into four groups: control group (CG, 22), periodontally healthy IDA patients (IDA-PH, 20), CP patients (CP, 20), and IDA patients with CP (IDA-CP, 20). After clinical measurements and samplings, serum and salivary SOD levels were determined using an SOD assay kit. Results: IDA-CP patients exhibited a higher gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and percentage (%) of sites with a clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ${\geq}6mm$ (P<0.008) than CP patients. The mean salivary and serum SOD levels were significantly lower in the IDA-PH, CP, and IDA-CP patients than in the CG group (P<0.008). A significant positive correlation between salivary and serum SOD activity was observed in IDA (P<0.05). Furthermore, serum and salivary SOD levels were significantly and negatively correlated with all periodontal parameters including the percentage of sites with CAL of 4-5 and ${\geq}6mm$ (P<0.05) except the significant correlation between salivary SOD activity and mean CAL and the percentage of sites with CAL of 4-5 mm (P>0.05) in these patients. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that IDA patients with chronic periodontitis have more periodontal breakdowns than patients with chronic periodontitis. Serum and salivary SOD activity levels were lower in the IDA-PH, CP and IDA-CP groups than in the CG. Iron deficiency anemia influenced the serum SOD activity but did not seem to affect the salivary SOD activity in these patients.

SOME COINCIDENCE AND COMMON FIXED POINT RESULTS IN MENGER SPACES

Lakshmi Narayan Mishra,Deepti Thakur,Rajinder Sharma 한국전산응용수학회 2021 Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics Vol.3 No.1

In this paper, we established some common fixed point theorems for two pairs of self maps by using the notion of compatibility of type (E) along with weakly subsequential continuous (wsc) mappings in a Menger space. Common fixed point theorem satisfying an integral analogue is also given. Some examples in support of the proven results are also provided. Corresponding common fixed point theorem in metric spaces is also obtained as an application to our main result. We improve some earlier results in this line.

Platelet-rich fibrin along with a modified minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of intrabony defects: a randomized clinical trial

Ahmad, Nabila,Tewari, Shikha,Narula, Satish Chander,Sharma, Rajinder Kumar,Tanwar, Nishi Korean Academy of Periodontology 2019 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.49 No.6

Purpose: The modified minimally invasive surgical technique (M-MIST) has been successfully employed to achieve periodontal regeneration. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is known to enhance wound healing through the release of growth factors. This study aimed to observe the outcomes of periodontal surgery when M-MIST was used with or without PRF for the treatment of isolated intrabony defects. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 36 systemically healthy patients, who had chronic periodontitis associated with a single-site buccal probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level of ≥5 mm. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the test group treated with M-MIST and PRF, and the control group treated with M-MIST alone. The primary periodontal parameters analyzed were PPD, relative attachment level (RAL), and relative gingival margin level. The radiographic parameters analyzed were change in alveolar crest position (C-ACP), linear bone growth (LBG), and percentage bone fill (%BF). Patients were followed up to 6 months post-surgery. Results: Intragroup comparisons at 3 and 6 months showed consistently significant improvements in PPD and RAL in both the groups. In intergroup comparisons, the improvement in PPD reduction, gain in RAL, and the level of the gingival margin was similar in both groups at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Furthermore, an intergroup comparison of radiographic parameters also demonstrated similar improvements in C-ACP, LBG, and %BF at 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: M-MIST with or without PRF yielded comparable periodontal tissue healing in terms of improvements in periodontal and radiographic parameters. Further investigation is required to confirm the beneficial effects of PRF with M-MIST.