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Rajbhandary, S.,Zhao, Ming-Feng,Zhao, Nan,Lu, Wen-Yi,Zhu, Hai-Bo,Xiao, Xia,Deng, Qi,Li, Yu-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10
Background/Objectives: Maintenance of cellular function in culture is vital for transfer and development following adoptive immunotherapy. Dual properties of IL-21 in activating T cells and reducing activation induced cell death led us to explore the mechanism of action of IL-21 enhanced proliferation and cytotoxic potential of CIK cells. Method: CIK cells cultured from PBMCs of healthy subjects were stimulated with IL-21 and cellular viability and cytotoxicity to K562 cells were measured. To elucidate the mechanism of action of IL-21, mRNA expression of cytotoxic factors was assessed by RT-PCR and protein expression of significantly important cytotoxic factors and cytokine secretion were determined through flow cytometry and ELISA. Western blotting was performed to check the involvement of the JAK/STAT pathway following stimulation. Results: We found that IL-21 did not enhance in vitro proliferation of CIK cells, but did increase the number of cells expressing the CD3+/CD56+ phenotype. Cytotoxic potential was increased with corresponding increase in perforin ($0.9831{\pm}0.1265$ to $0.7592{\pm}0.1457$), granzyme B ($0.4084{\pm}0.1589$ to $0.7319{\pm}0.1639$) and FasL ($0.4015{\pm}0.2842$ to $0.7381{\pm}0.2568$). Interferon gamma and TNF-alpha were noted to increase ($25.8{\pm}6.1ng/L$ to $56.0{\pm}2.3ng/L$; and $5.64{\pm}0.61{\mu}g/L$ to $15.14{\pm}0.93{\mu}g/L$, respectively) while no significant differences were observed in the expression of granzyme A, TNF-alpha and NKG2D, and NKG2D. We further affirmed that IL-21 signals through the STAT-3 and STAT-5b signaling pathway in the CIK cell pool. Conclusion: IL-21 enhances cytotoxic potential of CIK cells through increasing expression of perforin, granzyme B, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. The effect is brought about by the activation of STAT-3 and STAT-5b proteins.
H K Moon,N,Rajbhandari,A M Stomp 한국자원식물학회 1998 Plant Resources Vol.1 No.2
The effects of basal media, sucrose and phytohormone concentrations, and gelling agent combinations on in vitro frond proliferation of Lemna gibba G3 and 24 additional Lemna gibba strains were examined. Frond proliferation was equivalent on Schenk and Hidebrandt, Murashige and Skoog, Nitsch and Nitsch, and Gamborg s B5 media and poor on Murashige and Skoog medium in the absence of benzyladenine. With the addition of benzyladenine, Schenk and Hildebrandt and Gamborg s B5 were superior and equivalent. The addition of benzyladenine increased equally frond proliferation at either 1 or 10uM, however at 10uM fronds were severely curled or fused. Benzyladenine and thidiazuron suppressed root growth but kinetin was found to greatly enhance root growth. Gibberellic acid inhibited frond proliferation. Frond proliferation was significantly different on the four sucrose concentrations of 0, 1, 3, and 8% Among them, 3% sucrose was found to be superior. The reduced frond size observed in cultures grown on 8% sucrose could be explained by showing medium osmotic potential in excess of frond water potential. Gelling agents also varied significantly in their ability to promote frond proliferation with 0.25% Gelrite or a mixture of 0.15% Gelrite and 0.4% agar. Proliferation of 25 Lemna gibba strains on medium near optimal for Lemna gibba G3 showed a six-fold variation across strains with Lemna gibba G3 placing in the top 5 fastest proliferating strains.
Lower blepharoplasty: how we do it
Chuan-Hsiang Kao,Sarina Rajbhandari 대한미용의학회 2019 대한미용의학회지 Vol.3 No.2
The natural process of ageing causes multiple age-related changes, which are observed in the anatomy of the eyelids and surrounding structures, including the malar region. Blepharoplasty is a procedure performed widely for tired looking eyes and facial rejuvenation. Lower blepharoplasty (LBP) is usually done with fat transposition rather than fat resection to avoid hollow appearance of malar area. Patients with excess fat and no tear trough deformity can be treated with fat resection alone, where as those with a prominent tear trough deformity requires fat transposition. Transposing the medial and central fat pads instead of excising them can help to fill out the hollowness of the under eye area whereas the lateral fat pads are removed as much as needed through direct excision. In our practice, we generally prefer a transconjunctival approach to lower lid blepharoplasty with fat repositioning.