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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : R. Jayakrishnan (검색결과 6 건)
- 무료
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Assessment of Nicotine Dependence among Smokers in a Selected Rural Population in Kerala, India
Jayakrishnan, R.,Mathew, Aleyamma,Lekshmi, Kamala,Sebastian, Paul,Finne, Patrik,Uutela, Antti Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6
Objectives: An attempt was made to understand the nicotine dependence of smokers selected for an ongoing smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala, India. Methods: Data were collected from resident males in the age group of 18 to 60 years from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district (2 intervention and 2 control groups). Trained accredited social health activist workers were utilised to collect data from all groups through face to face interview. Nicotine dependence among participants was assessed by means of the six-item Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) translated into the local language. The internal consistency of FTND was computed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Criterion validity (concurrent) was assessed by correlations of nicotine dependence scores with age at initiation of smoking and cumulative smoking volume in pack-years. Results: Among the 928 smokers identified, 474 subjects were in the intervention area (mean age = 44.6 years, SD = 9.66 years) and 454 in the control area (mean age = 44.5 years, SD = 10.30 years). The overall FTND score among current daily smokers was 5.04 (SD: 5.05). FTND scores in the control and intervention areas were 4.75 (SD: 2.57) and 4.92 (SD: 2.51) respectively. The FTND scores increased with age and decreased with higher literacy and socioeconomic status. The average FTND score was high among smokers using both bidi and cigarettes (mean 6.10, SD 2.17). Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 in a subsample of 150 subjects, a moderate result. The association of the scale was strongest, with the number of pack-years smoked (rho = 0.677, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A moderate level of nicotine dependence was observed among smokers in the current study. Tobacco cessation strategies could be made more cost effective and productive if a baseline assessment of nicotine dependence is completed before any intervention.
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High Coverage Point-to-Point Transit: Hybrid Evolutionary Approach to Local Vehicle Routing
정재영,R. Jayakrishnan,남두희 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.6
High Coverage Point-to-Point Transit (HCPPT) is a new design of alternative transportation, which involves a sufficient number of deployed small vehicles in real-time response. This paper focuses on a hybrid evolutionary approach to improve the existing local vehicle routing algorithm of HCPPT. A hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed by utilizing an insertion heuristic method as a genetic operator. First, two genetic operation schemes, Random Feasible Position (RFP) and Best Feasible Position (BFP), are designed and tested on a simulation framework that we have developed recently. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of BFP in terms of system performance and computational efficiency. Next, we investigate a combined scheme that builds the initial BFP population based on an insertion heuristic. The second simulation reveals that the proposed initial population method provides considerably better solution qualities over the various problem constraints. The simulations in this study are performed with various demand levels based on SCAG (Southern California Association of Governments) transportation network and OCTA (Orange County Transportation Authority) trip demands.
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Effects of User Equilibrium Assumptions on Network Traffic Pattern
김현명,오준석,R. Jayakrishnan 대한토목학회 2009 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.13 No.2
The user equilibrium concept in traffic assignment is based on fundamental assumptions: perfect information, rationality, and homogeneity. This study examines changes in the traffic pattern and the network behavior when these assumptions are relaxed. In order to relax these assumptions, we employ a day-to-day evolution approach and develop agent-based simulation models that include drivers’ learning model, preference model and preference sensitivity. Using the developed models, we investigate how each assumption affects network traffic patterns. The test results show that the assumption of perfect information is most influencing on the traffic assignment results. In addition, the prior information greatly affects on the route choice when drivers do not have perfect knowledge on network travel time. The user equilibrium concept in traffic assignment is based on fundamental assumptions: perfect information, rationality, and homogeneity. This study examines changes in the traffic pattern and the network behavior when these assumptions are relaxed. In order to relax these assumptions, we employ a day-to-day evolution approach and develop agent-based simulation models that include drivers’ learning model, preference model and preference sensitivity. Using the developed models, we investigate how each assumption affects network traffic patterns. The test results show that the assumption of perfect information is most influencing on the traffic assignment results. In addition, the prior information greatly affects on the route choice when drivers do not have perfect knowledge on network travel time.
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Social Optimum Navigation with Incentives sCheme (SONIC) for Smart Urban Mobility
Daisik Nam,R. Jayakrishnan 대한교통학회 2017 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.76 No.-
이 연구는 주차 회전율의 영향요인을 다루고 있으며 연구의 목적은 공영주차장의 효율적 활용을 위하여 회전율을 기준으로 영향요인을 파악하는데 있다. 이를 위해 인천광역시 내 43개 공영주차의 한달~1년간의 회전율과 대중교통여건(보행권 내·외의 버스 및 지하철 거리와 노선수), 대상지 인근 불법 주·정차 대수, 주차규모, 토지이용특성, 급지 등의 조사 자료를 수집하여 통계 프로그램인 SPSS 20.0을 활용하여 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 주요 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 공영주차장 이용실태를 고려하여 이용률, 회전율을 토대로 크게 네 가지 case 및 급지별, 토지이용별 특성 구분이 가능하였다. 둘째, 주차장의 영향권(보행권)을 고려한 대중교통편의지수 및 불법주·정차지수, 중심상업지역의 토지이용 특성이 주차 회전율과 높은 영향관계를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 주차대수(규모), 지하철이격거리, 버스정류장이격거리, 환승지역, 주거지역, 2급지 변수의 경우 회전율에 거의 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났는데 이는, 실제 공영주차장 입지 선정이 지하철 및 버스 정류장까지의 거리 등의 대중교통 여건과 상관없이 이루어지고 있는 현실을 반영한 것으로 판단되며, 상업지역을 제외한 환승, 주거지역 등의 주차 회전율은 장기주차에 의해 회전율에 영향을 미치지 못하고 있는 것으로 해석 가능하다. 넷째, 회전율의 영향요인을 종합적으로 고려시, 공영주차장 인근 대중교통 여건, 불법 주․정차 차량의 근절 및 공영주차장 이용 유도방안 등의 개선이 필요하며, 급지(요금)체계 결정이 토지이용현황을 고려하여 선정되고 있는 현실을 감안했을 때 주차 급지(요금)체계 결정 과정의 보완이 필요함을 시사한다.
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