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Jalal Ud Din,Sami Ullah Khan,Ahmad Khan,Abdul Qayyum,Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi,Matthew A Jenks 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.6
A few degrees in temperature above the optimum can cause a considerable yield loss in tomatoes. A research experiment was conducted in which three tomato genotypes of (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.), ‘Suncherry Extra Sweet’ (Suncherry), ‘Walter’, and ‘CLN-2498d’, were evaluated for response to moderate high temperature at the reproductive stage. High temperature reduced the total number of fruits per plant, fruit size, number of seeds per fruit, seed setting, and relative ovule viability. However, high temperature increased proline accumulation and membrane thermo-stability in plant parts of the investigated genotypes. Fruit size and the number of seeds per fruit were reduced in all the genotypes, with the greatest reduction occurring in Suncherry. Similarly, viability of male and female gametes was also reduced in all of the investigated genotypes due to high temperature injury. The reduction in seed setting due to high temperature was greatest in ‘Suncherry’ and ‘Walter’, and least in ‘CLN-2498d’. Likewise, ovule viability was least reduced in ‘CLN-2498d’. The genotypes accumulating higher proline concentrations in reproductive parts and with enhanced membrane thermo-stability under high temperature likewise produced the highest fruit yield, and hence, exhibited high temperature tolerance.
Sajid Qayyum,Tasawar Hayat,Sabir A. Shehzad,Ahmed Alsaedi 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.8
The main purpose of this article is to describe the magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow ofWalter-B nanofluid over a stretching sheet. The phenomena of heat and mass transfer are based on theinvolvement of thermal radiation and chemical reaction. Characteristics of Newtonian heating are givenspecial attention. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis models are introduced in the temperatureand concentration expressions. Appropriate variables are implemented for the transformation of partialdifferential frameworks into sets of ordinary differential equations. Plots for velocity, temperature, andnanoparticle concentration are displayed and analyzed for governing parameters. The skin friction coefficientand local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are studied using numerical values. The temperatureand heat transfer rate are enhanced within the frame of the thermal conjugate parameter.
M. Abrar,A. Qayyum,A.R. Gilani,A.W. Khan,A. Saeed,S. Naseer,M. Zakaullah 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.6
Trace rare gas optical emission spectroscopy (TRG-OES) is carried out to investigate the excitation temperature, relative densities of active species (N, N2 +) and nitrogen dissociation in inductively coupled helium admixed nitrogen plasma for different rf power (50, 100, 150 W), pressure (0.2-0.5 mbar) and helium percentage (10-90%) using Ar as an actinometer (4%). The excitation temperature is obtained from Boltzmann plot method using emission intensity of several argon lines. The dissociation of nitrogen has been investigated by both the actinometry method and the ratio ðIN=IN2 Þ of the atomic nitrogen line emission intensity at (746.83 nm) to the vibrational band (0e0) of the N2 second positive system at 337.1 nm. The excitation temperature increases with the increase in power and helium percentage and decreases with increase in fill pressure. The nitrogen dissociation as well as the relative densities of [N] and [N+2] increases with the increase in helium percentage.
Imran Mubashair,Khan Majid,Javed M.A.,Ahmad S.,Qayyum A. 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.50 No.-
Non-thermal cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) produced in multi-pulse dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) preferentially heats the electrons that subsequently transfer their energy to the other plasma species converting them into reactive species. Therefore the characterization of different energy groups of electrons is essential for efficient production and control of reactive plasma species contributing to surface modifications. Here we present the spectroscopic investigations of the APPJ produced in multi-pulse DBD using pin electrode configuration. Boltzmann plot relates the emission intensities of the several Ar–I spectral lines to their corresponding threshold excitation energies to give the electron temperature more precisely. The Stark broadening of the Ar–I (696.54 nm) line profile gives the electron number density after de-convoluting the contributions of the Doppler and instrumental broadenings. Plasma measurements correlate the gas flow rate, applied jet power across the electrodes, and a group of electrons contributing to optical emission. Sequential imaging correlates the size of the plasma bullets momentarily with the discharge pulse for different argon flow rates and applied jet powers. With an increasing flow rate of up to 1.4 L/min, the plasma plume of the jet becomes more elongated, intense, and spatially uniform. However, the glow intensity and size of the plume start reducing with a further increase in gas flow rate. Experimental findings propose plasma processing for small-scale localized plasma surface treatments.
Waqas Wakil,M. Usman GHAZANFAR,권용정,Mirza A. QAYYUM,Fozia NASIR 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.6
A survey was conducted in tomato fields at different localities to assess the distribution of tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab Province, Pakistan. The effect of weather factors on its population was also investigated. Eleven tomato-growing districts were selected and data for larval population and fruit infestation were recorded. The maximum larval population (5.2 larvae/plant) of H. armigera was recorded in Bahawalpur district with 32.6% fruit infestation. However, the minimum larval population (1.4 larvae/plant) inflicted 14.7% fruit infestation in Rawalpindi district. The temperature was positively correlated while relative humidity showed negative interaction with the larval population and fruit infestation.
Biochar soil amendment on alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a critical review
Ali, S.,Rizwan, M.,Qayyum, M. F.,Ok, Y. S.,Ibrahim, M.,Riaz, M.,Arif, M. S.,Hafeez, F.,Al-Wabel, M. I.,Shahzad, A. N. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.24 No.14
<P>Drought and salt stress negatively affect soil fertility and plant growth. Application of biochar, carbon-rich material developed from combustion of biomass under no or limited oxygen supply, ameliorates the negative effects of drought and salt stress on plants. The biochar application increased the plant growth, biomass, and yield under either drought and/or salt stress and also increased photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and modified gas exchange characteristics in drought and salt-stressed plants. Under drought stress, biochar increased the water holding capacity of soil and improved the physical and biological properties of soils. Under salt stress, biochar decreased Na+ uptake, while increased K+ uptake by plants. Biochar-mediated increase in salt tolerance of plants is primarily associated with improvement in soil properties, thus increasing plant water status, reduction of Na+ uptake, increasing uptake of minerals, and regulation of stomatal conductance and phytohormones. This review highlights both the potential of biochar in alleviating drought and salt stress in plants and future prospect of the role of biochar under drought and salt stress in plants.</P>
M. Ijaz Khan,Sumaira Qayyum,S. Kadry,W. A. Khan,S. Z. Abbas 한국자기학회 2020 Journal of Magnetics Vol.25 No.1
Here nonlinear mixed convective entropy based nanofluid second order slip flow of magnetic and electric field is addressed. Both electric and magnetic field is considered for the problem formulation and the flow is generated by a stretched surface. Important slip factors, i.e., Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions are accounted. Total entropy rate subject to four types of irreversibilities (i) heat transfer (ii) chemical reaction (iii) fluid friction (iv) Joule or Ohmic heating is obtained through second law of thermodynamics. Thermal radiation, heat generation/absorption, dissipation, Brownian motion, Joule or Ohmic heating and thermophoresis effects are considered in the development of the energy equation. Activation energy to undergo the physical transportation or chemical transformation of atoms or molecules is further considered in the analysis of concentration. Firstly ordinary differential system is found, then numerically solved for flow field, entropy generation, concentration, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number, Bejan number and Sherwood number through built-in- Shooting method.