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From Pretext to Post-Text: Shakespeare Plays of Sulayman Al-Bassam
Piers Michael Smith 한국셰익스피어학회 2018 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.54 No.2
Shakespeare’s work is often adapted to make a political point that refers to geographically distant present-day contexts. In a sense, the Shakespearean play becomes a pretext or alibi enabling the new work to discuss socio-political issues under cover of the former’s literary prestige. The Kuwaiti playwright Sulayman Al-Bassam has adapted three of Shakespeare’s plays in order to explore such issues pertaining to the Middle East. The last of these plays ‘The Speaker’s Progress’ deals with hopes and expectations following the Arab Spring of 2011. After considering this play and its implications, the paper goes on to suggest that, willy-nilly, Al-Bassam’s trilogy of plays—like other mediated work—becomes less of a vehicle for displaying and commenting on uncomfortable home-truths and more of an outlet for a larger post-textual literary turn.
Outcome Prediction in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: The IN-REvASC Score
Piers Klein,Liqi Shu,Thanh N. Nguyen,James E. Siegler,Setareh Salehi Omran,Alexis N. Simpkins,Mirjam Heldner,Adam de Havenon,Hugo J. Aparicio,Mohamad Abdalkader,Marios Psychogios,Maria Cristina Vedova 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.3
Background We identified risk factors, derived and validated a prognostic score for poor neurological outcome and death for use in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Methods We performed an international multicenter retrospective study including consecutive patients with CVT from January 2015 to December 2020. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic characteristics were collected. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to determine risk factors for poor outcome, mRS 3-6. A prognostic score was derived and validated. Results A total of 1,025 patients were analyzed with median 375 days (interquartile range [IQR], 180 to 747) of follow-up. The median age was 44 (IQR, 32 to 58) and 62.7% were female. Multivariable analysis revealed the following factors were associated with poor outcome at 90- day follow-up: active cancer (odds ratio [OR], 11.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.62 to 27.14; P<0.001), age (OR, 1.02 per year; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.04; P=0.039), Black race (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.10 to 4.27; P=0.025), encephalopathy or coma on presentation (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.30; P=0.004), decreased hemoglobin (OR, 1.16 per g/dL; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.31; P=0.014), higher NIHSS on presentation (OR, 1.07 per point; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.11; P=0.002), and substance use (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.16 to 4.71; P=0.017). The derived IN-REvASC score outperformed ISCVT-RS for the prediction of poor outcome at 90-day follow-up (area under the curve [AUC], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.79 to 0.87] vs. AUC, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.66 to 0.76], χ2 P<0.001) and mortality (AUC, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.90] vs. AUC, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66 to 0.79], χ2 P=0.03). Conclusions Seven factors were associated with poor neurological outcome following CVT. The INREvASC score increased prognostic accuracy compared to ISCVT-RS. Determining patients at highest risk of poor outcome in CVT could help in clinical decision making and identify patients for targeted therapy in future clinical trials.
Tau Phosphorylation at Serine 396 Residue Is Required for Hippocampal LTD
Regan, Philip,Piers, Thomas,Yi, Jee-Hyun,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Huh, Seonghoo,Park, Se Jin,Ryu, Jong Hoon,Whitcomb, Daniel J.,Cho, Kwangwook Society for Neuroscience 2015 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.35 No.12
<P>Tau is required for the induction of long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Here we probe the role of tau in LTD, finding that an AMPA receptor internalization mechanism is impaired in tau KO mice, and that LTD causes specific phosphorylation at the serine 396 and 404 residues of tau. Surprisingly, we find that phosphorylation at serine 396, specifically, is critical for LTD but has no role in LTP. Finally, we show that tau KO mice exhibit deficits in spatial reversal learning. These findings underscore the physiological role for tau at the synapse and identify a behavioral correlate of its role in LTD.</P>
Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Mortality
Thanh N. Nguyen,Muhammad M. Qureshi,Piers Klein,Hiroshi Yamagami,Mohamad Abdalkader,Robert Mikulik,Anvitha Sathya,Ossama Yassin Mansour,Anna Czlonkowska,Hannah Lo,Thalia S. Field,Andreas Charidimou,So 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.2
Background and Purpose Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). Results There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P<0.0001) and 2020 (41.4%; 95% CI, 37.0 to 46.0; P<0.0001). A COVID-19 diagnosis was present in 7.6% (132/1,738) of CVT hospitalizations. CVT was present in 0.04% (103/292,080) of COVID-19 hospitalizations. During the first pandemic year, CVT mortality was higher in patients who were COVID positive compared to COVID negative patients (8/53 [15.0%] vs. 41/910 [4.5%], P=0.004). There was an increase in CVT mortality during the first 5 months of pandemic years 2020 and 2021 compared to the first 5 months of the pre-pandemic year 2019 (2019 vs. 2020: 2.26% vs. 4.74%, P=0.05; 2019 vs. 2021: 2.26% vs. 4.99%, P=0.03). In the first 5 months of 2021, there were 26 cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), resulting in six deaths. Conclusions During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT.
Microtubule-associated protein tau is essential for long-term depression in the hippocampus
Kimura, Tetsuya,Whitcomb, Daniel J.,Jo, Jihoon,Regan, Philip,Piers, Thomas,Heo, Seonghoo,Brown, Christopher,Hashikawa, Tsutomu,Murayama, Miyuki,Seok, Heon,Sotiropoulos, Ioannis,Kim, Eunjoon,Collingrid The Royal Society 2014 Philosophical transactions. Biological sciences Vol.369 No.1633
<P>The microtubule-associated protein tau is a principal component of neurofibrillary tangles, and has been identified as a key molecule in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. However, it is unknown how a protein that is primarily located in axons is involved in a disease that is believed to have a synaptic origin. To investigate a possible synaptic function of tau, we studied synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and found a selective deficit in long-term depression (LTD) in tau knockout mice <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I>, an effect that was replicated by RNAi knockdown of tau <I>in vitro</I>. We found that the induction of LTD is associated with the glycogen synthase kinase-3-mediated phosphorylation of tau. These observations demonstrate that tau has a critical physiological function in LTD.</P>
Li, Xiaoe,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.,Thelakkat, Mukundan,Barnes, Piers R. F.,Vilar, Ramó,n,Durrant, James R. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.13 No.4
<P>We report the application of spectroelectrochemical techniques to compare the hole percolation dynamics of molecular networks of two ruthenium bipyridyl complexes adsorbed onto mesoporous, nanocrystalline TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films. The percolation dynamics of the ruthenium complex <I>cis</I>-di(thiocyanato)(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)-(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-tridecyl) ruthenium(<SMALL>II</SMALL>), N621, is compared with those observed for an analogous dye with an additional tri-phenyl amine (TPA) donor moiety, <I>cis</I>-di(thiocyanato)(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)-(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-bis(vinyltriphenylamine)) ruthenium(<SMALL>II</SMALL>), HW456. The <I>in situ</I>oxidation of these ruthenium complexes adsorbed to the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films is monitored by cyclic voltammetry and voltabsorptometry, whilst the dynamics of hole (cation) percolation between adsorbed ruthenium complexes is monitored by potentiometric spectroelectrochemistry and chronoabsorptometry. The hole diffusion coefficient, <I>D</I><SUB>eff</SUB>, is shown to be dependent on the dye loading on the nanocrystalline TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film, with a threshold observed at ∼60% monolayer surface coverage for both dyes. The hole diffusion coefficient of HW456 is estimated to be 2.6 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/s, 20-fold higher than that obtained for the control N621, attributed to stronger electronic coupling between the TPA moieties of HW456 accelerating the hole percolation dynamics. The presence of mercuric ions, previously shown to bind to the thiocyanates of analogous ruthenium complexes, resulted in a quenching of the hole percolation for N621/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films and an enhancement for HW456/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films. These results strongly suggest that the hole percolation pathway is along the overlapped neighbouring -NCS groups for the N621 molecules, whereas in HW456 molecules cation percolation proceeds between intermolecular TPA ligands. These results are discussed in the context of their relevance to the process of dyeregeneration in dye sensitised solar cells, and to the molecular wiring of wide bandgap inorganic materials for battery and sensing applications.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We employ spectroelectrochemical techniques to compare the hole percolation dynamics of two ruthenium bipyridyl complexes adsorbed onto mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cp01013h'> </P>