LOWER EXTREMITY INJURY OF VIETNAMESE PEDESTRIAN IN CRASH BY A SEDAN USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION

Phu Thuong Luu Nguyen,Hung Anh Ly,Thien Phu Nguyen 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.1

Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable road users, who often suffer serious injuries in road collisions. Therefore, evaluating the injury of a pedestrian is absolutely necessary. This paper aims to evaluate the lower extremity injuries for Vietnamese people by numerical simulation using a Human Body Model (HBM) – Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS). Considering that the HBM has the anthropometrical and biomechanical properties of the North American and European bodies, it is required to scale it down to represent Vietnamese anthropometry. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop a scaling algorithm to scale the published lower extremity injury criteria to properly assess the injury risk of a Vietnamese. After a Vietnamese-sized HBM is obtained from the scaling procedure, its posture is adjusted to represent a walking pedestrian. A sedan is employed for simulating the pedestrian collision with the impact velocity ranging from 20 to 50 km/h. The car models are simplified to reduce computational time. The findings illustrate that the bending moment and resultant force of femur and tibia increase with respect to the impact velocity. The knee ligaments have been injured at high risk.

An Efficient Chloride Ingress Model for Long-Term Lifetime Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures Under Realistic Climate and Exposure Conditions

Phu Tho Nguyen,Emilio Bastidas-Arteaga,Ouali Amiri,Charbel-Pierre El Soueidy 한국콘크리트학회 2017 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.11 No.2

Chloride penetration is among the main causes of corrosion initiation in reinforced concrete (RC) structures producing premature degradations.Weather and exposure conditions directly affect chloride ingress mechanisms and therefore the operational service life and safety of RC structures. Consequently, comprehensive chloride ingress models are useful tools to estimate corrosion initiation risks and minimize maintenance costs for RC structures placed under chloride-contaminated environments. This paper first presents a coupled thermo-hydro-chemical model for predicting chloride penetration into concrete that accounts for realistic weather conditions. This complete numerical model takes into account multiple factors affecting chloride ingress such as diffusion, convection, chloride binding, ionic interaction, and concrete aging. Since the complete model could be computationally expensive for long-term assessment, this study also proposes model simplifications in order to reduce the computational cost. Long-term chloride assessments of complete and reduced models are compared for three locations in France (Brest, Strasbourg and Nice) characterized by different weather and exposure conditions (tidal zone, de-icing salts and salt spray). The comparative study indicates that the reduced model is computationally efficient and accurate for long-term chloride ingress modeling in comparison to the complete one. Given that long-term assessment requires larger climate databases, this research also studies how climate models may affect chloride ingress assessment. The results indicate that the selection of climate models as well as the considered training periods introduce significant errors for mid- and long- term chloride ingress assessment.

Removal of Manganese and Copper from Aqueous Solution by Yeast Papiliotrema huenov

( Phu Nguyen Van ),( Hai Thi Hong Truong ),( Tuan Anh Pham ),( Tuan Le Cong ),( Tien Le ),( Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen ) 한국균학회 2021 Mycobiology Vol.49 No.5

Papiliotrema huenov was previously reported to be highly tolerant of a range of extremely toxic heavy metals. This study aimed to identify the potential of P. huenov to remove manganese and copper from aqueous solution. Physical conditions which affect removal of Mn(II) and Cu(II) were determined. Optimal temperature for adsorption of both metal ions was 30 ℃, and optimal pH for maximum uptake of Mn(II) and Cu(II) were 5 and 6, respectively. Under these conditions, living cells of P. huenov accumulated up to 75.58% of 110mg/ L Mn(II) and 70.5% of 128mg/L Cu(II) over 120 h, whereas, the removal efficiency of metal ions by dead cells over 1 h was 60.3% and 56.5%, respectively. These results indicate that living cells are more effective than dead biomass for bioremediation, but that greater time is required. The experimental data extends the potential use of P. huenov in biosorption and bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals to copper and manganese, two of the most common industrial contaminants.

Synthesis of Maltoheptaose Fatty Ester by Yeast Lipase and Their Emulsion Functions

Phu Cuong Nguyen,Thi My Tuyen Nguyen,Chang-KyuLee,Il-NamOh,Min-Jee Yoo,Kyu-BeenPark,Jae-HanKim,Hyun-JooAn,Jong-TaePark 한국당과학회 2018 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.07

Enzymatic syntheses of sugar fatty acid (FA) esters are important because of their wide range of applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. These molecules are commonly synthesized from F As and mono-, or di-saccharides by chemical or enzymatic esterification. Previously, sugar esters were produced using oligosaccharide, and interfacial tension values and inhibitory effects towards tumor cell lines were improved when higher DP saccharides were used. In this study, the direct esterification of maltoheptaose (G7) with vanous length of F As was investigated by the catalytic action of Candida antartica lipase B. Among the F As palmitic acid (PA) was the best substrate for the G7 ester formation. Optimal reaction conditions including solvent composition and molar ratio of G 7: P A were established for the G7-PA. The conversion yield and sugar ester structure were analyzed using various instrumental analyses. The results showed that G7-PA monoester was successfully synthesized with a molar ratio of I :20 (G7: PA) in I 0% DMSO of t-butanol at 60°C, and the conversion yield was over than 21%. The position of ester bond formation was identified that PA was attached to C-6 of the reducing end glucosyl moiety. The melting temperature of G7- PA monoester was reached at 56 °C, lower than that of pure G7 and PA. In addition, the G7- p A esters and commercial sucrose esters were compared as emulsifiers. Both type of sugar esters prevented coalescence during 7 days and showed good emulsifying properties in 0/W emulsions since the droplets diameter did not have significant change during the storage.

Power allocation strategies for dual-hop relay protocols with best relay selection under constraint of intercept probability

Phu Tran Tin,Tran Trung Duy 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.1

In this letter, we propose two power allocation strategies, named Optimal Power Allocation (OPA) and Equal Intercept Probability (EIP), for dual-hop cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) relaying networks under constraint of intercept probability (IP). Particularly, with knowledge of channel statistics of the eavesdropping links, the transmitters such as source and relays adjust their transmit power to control the value of IP by a desired level. A max–min relay selection method is applied to enhance the e2e outage probability (OP). We derive expressions of transmit power for the source and the selected relay. Then, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to verify analytical results.

A Fully Integrated Multimode Wireless Power Charger IC With Adaptive Supply Control and Built-In Resistance Compensation

Phu Ho Van Quang,Thanh Tien Ha,Jong-Wook Lee Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2015 IEEE transactions on industrial electronics Vol. No.

<P>We present a fully integrated multimode lithium-ion battery charger integrated circuit (IC) for wireless power charging applications. The proposed charger IC integrates an analog block for battery charging, a digital control block, an analog-to-digital converter, and memory on a single chip. To improve the charging efficiency, the supply voltage of the charger IC is controlled by an adaptive low-dropout (LDO) regulator. A series-voltage feedback path is formed along the LDO regulator and multimode level shifter, which regulates the supply voltage to closely follow the battery voltage. For a smooth transition during multimode charging, we propose a new approach for built-in resistance compensation. The digital control block of the charger IC is designed in accordance with the Qi standard. The battery charger IC is fabricated in a one-poly six-metal 0.18-μm CMOS process. Integrated with the digital control block and memory, the core area of the multimode charger IC is 0.9 × 1.4 mm<SUP>2</SUP>. The input voltage ranges from 4.8 to 5 V. The output voltage is 4.2 V in constant-voltage mode. The charging current in constant-current mode is 450 mA. The maximum and average charging efficiencies are 83% and 79%, respectively.</P>

Targeting the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase Pathway in Gastric Cancer: Can Omics Improve Outcomes?

Phu Tran,Cham Nguyen,Samuel J. Klempner 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.S1

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway signaling is an established oncogenic signal transduction pathway implicated in multiple malignancies. Therapeutic targeting of PI3K pathway components has improved outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, kidney cancer, breast cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. Gastric cancers harbor some of the highest rates of oncogenic alterations in PI3K but attempts to translate this genomic observation have met with limited clinical success and novel approaches are needed. In the following review we discuss PI3K signaling, previous preclinical and clinical investigations in gastric cancer, and discuss future strategies aimed at overcoming resistance and improving efficacy. Identification and refinement of molecular tumor subtypes, development of predictive biomarkers along, and rational drug combination strategies are key to capitalizing on the therapeutic potential of PI3K pathway directed therapies in gastric cancers.

Securing AODV Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Phu, P.H.,Yi, M.,Kim, M.-K. Springer 2009 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.- No.4388

Design of a novel adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller and application for vibration control of magnetorheological mount

Phu, Do Xuan,Quoc, Nguyen Vien,Park, Joon-Hee,Choi, Seung-Bok Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd 2014 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engin Vol. No.

<P>This paper presents vibration control of a mixed-mode magnetorheological fluid-based mount system using a new robust fuzzy sliding mode controller. A novel model of controller is built based on adaptive hybrid control of interval type 2 fuzzy controller incorporating with a new modified sliding mode control. The interval type 2 fuzzy is optimized for computational cost by using enhanced iterative algorithm with stop condition, and a new modified switching surface of sliding mode control is designed for preventing the chattering of the system. The controller is then experimentally implemented under uncertain conditions in order to evaluate robust vibration control performance. In addition, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, two fuzzy sliding mode control algorithms proposed by Huang and Chan are adopted and modified. The principal control parameters of three controllers are updated online by adaptation laws to meet requirements of magnetorheological mount system which has two operation modes: flow mode and shear mode. It is shown from experimental realization of three controllers that the proposed control strategy performs the best under uncertain conditions compared with two other modified controllers. This merit is verified by presenting vibration control performances in both time and frequency domains.</P>

Symbol Error Probability Analysis on a Two-Way Relay System in Nakagami-m Fading Channels

Phu Thinh Do(도푸틴),Jin Soo Wang(왕진수),Tran Minh Tam(트란민탐),Yun Hee Kim(김윤희) 한국통신학회 2012 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.2