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Sudarat Kasemcholathan,Akira Kanno,Anupan Kongbangkerd,Pattamon Sangin 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.5
Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume is a popular and scarce orchid species with attractive fl owers arranged in a racemose cluster. To study this fl ower’s complex fl oral perianth formation, MADS-box genes that play an important role in fl ower morphogenesiswere investigated. Four B-class DEF -like MADS-box genes, RrDEF1 , RrDEF2 , RrDEF3 , and RrDEF4 , and twoE-class AGL6 -like MADS-box genes, RrAGL6-1 and RrAGL6-2 , were identifi ed, and their expression was characterizedby qRT-PCR. These genes were expressed in every developmental stage of reproductive organs but not in the vegetativeleaves, except for RrDEF2 . Most of these genes revealed similar expression patterns in stage 3 and mature fl owers. HigherRrDEF1 and RrAGL6-1 expression was detected in the sepals and petals rather than the lips, while RrDEF3 , RrDEF4 , andRrAGL6-2 were highly expressed in the lips but exhibited low expression in the sepals. RrDEF3 was also strongly expressedin petals. These gene expression patterns supported current profi les involving sepal/petal/lip determination, with RrDEF1and RrAGL6-1 promoting sepal/petal formation, while RrDEF3 , RrDEF4 , and RrAGL6-2 promoted lip formation. Our fi ndingssupport revised ‘orchid code’ and ‘perianth code’ hypotheses in which fl oral organs are regulated by combined levelsof expression from each clade of DEF -like genes and AGL6 -like genes. These four RrDEF and two RrAGL6 genes promoteand enrich our knowledge and understanding concerning the fl oral development of orchids.
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