Elucidating the effect of growth promoting endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica for seedling stage salinity tolerance in contrasting rice genotypes

Reshna O. P.,Beena R.,Joy M.,Viji M. M.,Roy S. 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.5

The growth and productivity of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) has been hampered by high soil salinity. Microbial endophytes, the most significant soil microorganisms, boost plant output per unit area by changing physiologically, and ecologically, allowing crop development in saline soils or climates with biotic and abiotic stresses. Piriformospora indica , an endophytic fungus, promotes plant development while also increasing plant resilience to environmental stresses such as salinity. Here we analyzed the beneficial effect of P. indica association on rice seedlings of both tolerant variety VTL-6 and susceptible variety Manu Ratna during different levels of salinity stress conditions (0, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 500 mM NaCl), to check the highest tolerating levels of salinity stress by P.indica in selected tolerant and susceptible rice genotypes. The growth parameters of rice seedlings such as shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, seedling vigour index 1 and 2, root volume and root shoot ratio were found to be enhanced in P. indica -inoculated rice seedlings as compared to non-inoculated control seedlings, irrespective of whether they are exposed to salt stress or not. In the presence of the fungus, however, salt-stressed seedlings performed significantly better than non-inoculated control seedlings by maintain low Na + /K + ratio. All the growth parameters were decreased as the increase in salinity levels. The findings of this study revealed that this fungus has an important function in improving rice development under salt stress environments.

Acidophilic Tannase from Marine Aspergillus awamori BTMFW032

( BeeNa P. S. ),( M. B. Soorej ),( K. K. Elyas. ),( G. Bhat Sarta ),( M. Chandrasekaran ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.10

Aspergillus awamori BTMFW032, isolated from sea water, produced tannase as an extracellular enzyme under submerged culture conditions. Enzymes with a specific activity of 2,761.89 IU/mg protein, a final yield of 0.51%, and a purification fold of 6.32 were obtained after purification through to homogeneity, by ultrafiltration and gel filtration. SDS-PAGE analyses, under nonreducing and reducing conditions, yielded a single band of 230 kDa and 37.8 kDa, respectively, indicating the presence of six identical monomers. A pI of 4.4 and a carbohydrate content of 8.02% were observed in the enzyme. The optimal temperature was found to be 30oC, although the enzyme was active in the range of 5-80oC. Two pH optima, pH 2 and pH 8, were recorded, although the enzyme was instable at a pH of 8, but stable at a pH of 2.0 for 24 h. Methylgallate recorded maximal affinity, and Km and Vmax were recorded at 1.9× 10-3M and 830 ?mol/min, respectively. The impacts of a number of metal salts, solvents, surfactants, and other typical enzyme inhibitors on tannase activity were determined in order to establish the novel characteristics of the enzyme. The gene encoding tannase, isolated from A. awamori, was found to be 1.232 kb, and nucleic acid sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame consisting of 1,122 bp (374 amino acids) of one stretch in the -1 strand. In silico analyses of gene sequences, and a comparison with reported sequences of other species of Aspergillus, indicate that the acidophilic tannase from marine A. awamori differs from that of other reported species.

Germplasm innovation for high-temperature tolerance from traditional rice accessions of Kerala using genetic variability, genetic advance, path coefficient analysis and principal component analysis

Beena R.,Veena V.,Jaslam M. P. K.,Nithya N.,Adarsh V. S. 한국작물학회 2021 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.24 No.5

Ninety landraces of rice were evaluated for various physio-morphological traits in completely randomized design with two treatment levels, i.e. control and high-temperature stress (3–5 °C) more than the ambient condition with three replications each. The high-temperature stress was induced from panicle initiation to maturity stage by keeping the pots in a temperaturecontrolled green house facility. High values of genotypic coefcient of variability, phenotypic coefcient of variability, heritability and genetic advance were found for the traits number of unflled grains/panicle and number of flled grains/ panicle, indicating the pre-ponderance of additive gene action and, therefore, scope for improvement of the trait through selection. Four principle components were depicted having Eigen value>1 and cumulative variation of 59.84%. Based on the performances of various physio-morphological traits under control and heat stress conditions, we were able to identify Karuthacheera, LN-9956-Vellakaravala (Pavumba) and Pokkali white were recorded the highest number of fertile grains under high temperature.

Effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive organ health

S. Swathi Krishna,Beena Briget Kuriakose,P. K. Lakshmi 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.12

Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal, polyphenoliccompounds that are derived from plants and have biologicalproperties similar to those of human estrogens. Their bioactivity,which is based on the core ring system, is causedby their structural resemblance to estrogen. Flavonoids,coumestans, lignans, and stilbenes are the four major categoriesinto which they can be divided. They are structurallyand functionally related to ovarian and placental estrogens,which are essential in female reproductive processes. Phytoestrogensare present in numerous dietary supplementsand fi nd application in hormone replacement therapy asan alternative to synthetic hormones. In addition, they providehealth benefi ts for osteoporosis, heart disease, breastcancer, and prostate cancer. There is a growing interest inusing phytoestrogen as preventative medicine in the formof nutraceuticals. This literature provides comprehensiveinformation about the types, sources, and biological actionsof phytoestrogens in the reproductive system.

Hysteresis Performance of Through Bolted Connections in Steel Beam to Circular CFST Column

M. S. Ajith,K. P. Beena,S. Sheela 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.7

Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFSTs) with through bolt connections are demonstrated to be satisfactory for seismic performance. Due to better confinement effect, circular CFST columns possess higher strength to weight ratio compared to square CFST. The only limiting factor in application of circular CFST in construction is the difficulty in joining with the beams. This paper presents an experimental study on hysteretic behavior of interior joint between circular CFST column and steel beam using extended end plates with through bolt. The study focuses on the comparison of connection using flat extended end plate with straight bolts and curved extended end plate with split bolt assembly for circular CFST columns. The experimental results were analysed in terms of strength, stiffness, ductility, failure mode and energy dissipation for the evaluation of cyclic performance. The results indicate that the seismic resistance agrees with seismic recommendations of American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and the split bolt assembly increases the performance remarkably. For comprehension of mechanism and prediction of shear capacity of the panel zone for curved endplates, a mathematical model was generated. This includes the influence of axial load, prestressing induced by bolt tightening, anchorage and the concrete strut action. The prediction accuracy was compared with the test result and it showed sound correlation.

Effect of axial extension on parameterized endwall contour with incidence change for low-pressure turbine linear cascade

Anand P. Darji,Beena D. Baloni,Chetan S. Mistry 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.5

Non-axisymmetric endwall (NAEW) contouring method has shown promising results to reduce secondary losses using both experimental and numerical studies. The parameterized endwall contour shaping redistributes the local static pressure resulting in a reduced effect of loss generating elements. Present study discusses the effect of the fore extension of NAEW shape on secondary flow field at design and off-design incidences numerically for low-pressure (LP) linear turbine cascade. The steady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are performed using shear stress transport (SST) based γ − θ turbulence model in commercial solver. The simulations are performed for a low Re = 1.6×10 5based on blade chord and isentropic exit velocity. The two-part study discusses the effect of upstream extension of NAEW profile at design and off-design incidence cases, respectively. The study observed reduction in total pressure loss coefficient ( ω ) by implementing NAEW contour profiling. The NAEW with 40 % C ax extension is the most favorable case.

Extracellular β-glucosidase Production by a Marine Aspergillus sydowii BTMFS 55 under Solid State Fermentation Using Statistical Experimental Design

K. M. Madhu,P. S. Beena,M. Chandrasekaran 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.4

A potential fungal strain producing extracellular β-glucosidase enzyme was isolated from sea water and identified as Aspergillus sydowii BTMFS 55 by a molecular approach based on 28S rDNA sequence homology which showed 93% identity with already reported sequences of Aspergillus sydowii in the GenBank. A sequential optimization strategy was used to enhance the production of β-glucosidase under solid state fermentation (SSF) with wheat bran (WB) as the growth medium. The two-level Plackett-Burman (PB) design was implemented to screen medium components that influence β-glucosidase production and among the 11 variables, moisture content, inoculums, and peptone were identified as the most significant factors for β-glucosidase production. The enzyme was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE sepharose. The enzyme was a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of ~95 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. It was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 50°C. It showed high affinity towards pNPG and enzyme has a Km and Vmax of 0.67 mM and 83.3 U/mL, respectively. The enzyme was tolerant to glucose inhibition with a Ki of 17 mM. Low concentration of alcohols (10%), especially ethanol, could activate the enzyme. A considerable level of ethanol could produce from wheat bran and rice straw after 48 and 24 h, respectively, with the help of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in presence of cellulase and the purified β-glucosidase of Aspergillus sydowii BTMFS 55.