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- 저자 : Ojah, Kalu (검색결과 6 건)
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Han,Dongchul,Ojah,Kalu 서울여자대학교 대학원 1995 論文集 Vol.- No.3
When a marketer is about to enter a new market, it is the usual practice to first evaluate the environments of the target market, especially when the target market is a foreign and distant one. What seems less usual is what the marketer does or should do to ensure a sustainable success once in the target market. This study calls attention to the vital requisite for sustainable success in international marketing. One important way of achieving this is for a multinational marketer to device a means of anticipating changes in the environments of her markets, and accordingly, incorporating the expected changes in here marketing plans. A survey of our developing countries managers' expectations of the environmental effects of marketing activity is used to illustrate this means. In this era of tremendous international production and marketing in developing countries, sustainable operational success in such relatively alien and complex markets must be given priority.
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An Industrial Analysis of Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of NAFTA
Karemera, David,Ojah, Kalu 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1998 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.13 No.3
Welfare effects of economic integration are often studied with aggregate data, and as such provide limited insights about the effects of trade pacts to individual economic agents in the free trade area. In this study a three-digit disaggregated commodity/industry data grouped under the Standard International Trade Classification is used to empirically assess the economic benefits of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Import demand elasticities from a dynamic demand model were used to estimate both trade creation and trade diversion effects of removing all tariff barriers from among NAFTA countries-US, Canada and Mexico. Results show that US imports of crude oil and petroleum products from Canada and most US imports from Mexico are more sensitive to domestic prices than to bilateral import prices. Further, results indicate that US will benefit the most from the initial trade effects of NAFTA, while Mexico will benefit the least. Specifically, US exporters of automatic data processing equipment, and pulp and waste paper products will benefit the most from increased trade with NAFTA countries. Mexican exporters of crude oil, and vegetables and fresh produce; and Canadian exporters of paper and paperboard products will be the most beneficiaries of NAFTA among exporters in these respective countries. (JFL Classification: F1, F2)
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An Industrial Analysis of Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of NAFTA
( David Karemera ),( Kalu Ojah ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1998 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.13 No.3
Welfare effects of economic integration are often studied with aggregate data, and as such provide limited insights about the effects of trade pacts to individual economic agents in the free trade area. In this study a three-digit disaggregated commodity/ industry data grouped under the Standard International Trade Classification is used to empirically assess the economic benefits of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Import demand elasticities from a dynamic demand model were used to estimate both trade creation and trade diversion effects of removing all tariff barriers from among NAFTA countries-US, Canada and Mexico. Results show that US imports of crude oil and petroleum products from Canada and most US imports from Mexico are more sensitive to domestic prices than to bilateral import prices. Further, results indicate that US will benefit the most from the initial trade effects of NAFTA, while Mexico will benefit the least. Specifically, US exporters of automatic data processing equipment, and pulp and waste paper products will benefit the most from increased trade with NAFTA countries. Mexican exporters of crude oil, and vegetables and fresh produce; and Canadian exporters of paper and paperboard products will be the most beneficiaries of NAFTA among exporters in these respective countries. (JEL Classification: F1, F2)
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COVID-19 Lockdown, Earnings Manipulation and Stock Market Sensitivity: An Empirical Study in Iraq
Bushra Abdul Wahhab ALJAWAHERI,Hassnain Kadhem OJAH,Ahmed Hussein MACHI,Akeel Hamza ALMAGTOME 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5
This article examines the potential impact of the Covid-19 Lockdown on earnings manipulation and stock market sensitivity to earnings announcements. It also explores the effects of earnings manipulation after the COVID-19 outbreak on the share price sensitivity to the earnings disclosures. The study uses a quantitative method to analyze the financial data consisting of 87 firms listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period from 2018 to 2020, which constitutes a total of (174 observations). We used Ohlson (1995) model to estimate financial market reaction and sensitivity to earnings manipulation fluctuations and accounting information. The results show that companies practice earnings manipulation to maintain earnings over a time series, which means a negative impact of earnings manipulation on all earnings measures’ value relevance (EPS, BVS, and CFS). Accordingly, earnings manipulation negatively influences investor behavior in the financial market, based mainly on financial reporting. The value relevance of financial reports has also decreased because of the COVID-19 outbreak and related economic Lockdown. These results reflect a long-term adverse impact of earnings manipulation on investor behavior and financial statements reliability.
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A Gravity Model Analysis of the Benefits of Economic Integration in the Pacific Rim
( David Karemera ),( Wilbur I. Smith ),( Kalu Ojah ),( John A. Cole ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1999 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.14 No.3
A modified gravity model of international trade is used to evaluate determinants of flows of commodities most often traded in the Pacific Rim. It is shown that the gravity model can be reparameterized effectively by using time series and cross section data rather than using cross section data alone. Documented evidence indicates that all independent variables including income, export and import unit values, exchange rates, and membership in regional trade groups are major determinants of trade flows in the Pacific Rim. Specifically, membership in the ASEAN significantly increased trade creation among members as well as fostered trade diversion from members to nonmembers. However, the impact of membership in the NAFTA on trade flows in the Pacific Rim is limited and appears to be commodity specific. (JEL Classifications: F15, F14, F02)
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A Gravity Model Analysis of the Benefits of Economic Integration in the Pacific Rim
Karemera, David,Smith, Wilbur I.,Ojah, Kalu,Cole, John A. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1999 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.14 No.3
A modified gravity model of international trade is used to evaluate determinants of flows of commodities most often traded in the Pacific Rim. It is shown that the gravity model can be reparameterized effectively by using time series and cross section data rather than using cross section data alone. Documented evidence indicates that all independent variables including income, export and import unit values, exchange rates, and membership in regional trade groups are major determinants of trade flows in the Pacific Rim. Specifically, membership in the ASEAN significantly increased trade creation among members as well as fostered trade diversion from members to nonmembers. However, the impact of membership in the NAFTA on trade flows in the Pacific Rim is limited and appears to be commodity specific. (JEL Classification: F15, F14, F02)
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