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Yuki Nohara,Noriko Hanamura,Hisamitsu Zaha,Hiroko Kimura,Yumi Kashikura,Takashi Nakamura,Aya Noro,Nao Imai,Mai Shibusawa,Tomoko Ogawa 한국유방암학회 2015 Journal of breast cancer Vol.18 No.1
Purpose: Although various strategies have been reported, thereare no defined criteria for cosmetic evaluation methods afterbreast-conserving surgery (BCS). Since Asians tend to havesmaller breasts, indistinct inframammary folds, and conspicuousscars, differences in the cosmetic results are expected. So weexamined two subjective methods and one objective method todetermine the differences, and elements necessary for a cosmeticevaluation after BCS. Methods: Frontal photographs of 190Japanese were evaluated using the Harris scale (Harris) and theevaluation method proposed by the Japanese Breast Cancer SocietySawai group (Sawai group) as the subjective methods, andthe Breast Cancer Conservation Treatment cosmetic results(BCCT.core) as the objective method, respectively. In order to examinethe necessary elements for developing a new ideal method,100 out of 190 were selected and assessed separately by sixraters using both the Harris and modified Sawai group methodsin the observer assessment. The correlation between the twomethods was examined using the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the BCCT.core and the other twomethods were clearly different. In the observer assessment, theconsensuses of the six raters were evaluated as follows: 27, 27,26, and 20 cases were evaluated as “excellent,” “good,” “fair,”and “poor,” respectively. For the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient,values higher than 0.7 indicated a strong correlation, asseen by the values of 0.909 for the breast shape and 0.345 forthe scar. The breast shape accounted for the most significantpart of the evaluation, and the scar had very little correlation. Conclusion:In this study, we recognized a clear difference betweenthe subjective and objective evaluation methods, and identifiedthe necessary elements for cosmetic evaluation. We would like tocontinue developing an ideal cosmetic evaluation that is similar tosubjective one and is independent from raters.
The recreational value of coral reefs in Okinawa Prefecture: A site choice model
( Katsuhito Nohara ),( Azusa Okagawa ),( Akira Hibiki ),( Hiroya Yamano ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2018 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.하계
The coral reef ecosystems provide many goods and services to coastal populations, such as tourism. Furthermore, they form a unique natural ecosystem, with an important biodiversity value as well as scientific and educational value. They also form a natural protection against wave erosion. However, they have been damaged due to red soil erosion and global warming. Therefore, the preservation of coral reefs has been an important policy issue. The cost-benefit analysis is important for choosing cost-effective policies. Although a few studies have evaluated the economic value of coral reefs in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, most of them have applied the contingent valuation method. The purpose of this study is to employ the discrete choice travel cost method to estimate the value of coral reefs that is obtained by visitors to Okinawa prefecture. We conducted an on-site survey of visitors at Naha airport, New Ishigaki airport and Miyako airport on 8 November to 11 in 2013 and collected 410 responses. We applied the conditional logit model to tourist’s decision to select his/her destination and estimate the model using collected data. Based on the conditional logit model, the hypothesis of independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA) cannot be rejected. We also tried to apply the mixed logit model to our data but there was no significant difference between random parameters and nonrandom ones. The main finding is that the marginal willingness to pay by a tourist for coral reefs is 4,754 yen/km2 per day and 16,544 yen/㎢ per trip.
情報フィルターとしての翻訳 : 絵本の日本語翻訳におけるターゲット操作の提案
野原佳代子(노하라 가요코, Nohara, Kayoko) 일본어문학회 2009 일본어문학 Vol.44 No.-
On English to Japanese translation of children’s books, in particular, picture books, the author examines in this paper a case, in which the targeted readers are set up to be parallel to what are assumed in the original text, and another case, in which the translated text is designed to have different functions, different from those the original text had, through target manipulation by the translators. The author theoretically and educationally analyzes the latter case and makes propositions. In translating picture books into Japanese, the contents of semantic meaning that the original text had are frequently lost in the process of translation, except certain proper names, events and customs. What to translate and what not to translate is a translator’s choice and it determines the legitimacy of a translated product. In this paper, the author observes translator’s “domestication” strategy (Venuti 1995: 20) introducing texts translated by students of a translation course, and discuses the filtration effect a translated text provides in the communication between different languages and cultures. The author tries to clarify the functions that today’s translated Japanese texts serve as to the manipulation capability and filtering effect of translation, which takes in language expressions and cultural events that did not exist in Japanese.
김현배,Takuyuki YOSHIOKA,Kazuhiko FUJITA,Jun ITO,Haruka NOHARA,Keiji NOHARA,Toshiki NARITA,Wonwoo LEE,Arata HOSOKAWA,Tetsuiji TANAKA 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.4
The study focuses on evaluating the bending creep performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) formwork in timber concrete composite (TCC) structures. Timber-framed construction is highlighted for its environmental benefits and seismic resistance, but limitations such as poor tensile strength and brittle failure in bending hinder its use in high-rise buildings. Wood-concrete hybrid structures, particularly those using reinforced concrete slabs with TCC floors, emerge as a potential solution. The research aims to understand the time-dependent behavior of TCC components, considering factors like wood and concrete shrinkage and connection creep. The experiment was conducted in western Japan on the TCC floor designed for use in the Kama-city Inatsuki-higashi compulsory education school. The LVL formwork, measuring 9,000 mm by 900 mm, and concrete is loaded onto it for testing. The creep test periods are examined using concrete loading. It employs a comprehensive creep analysis, adhering to Japanese standards, involving deflection measurements and regression analysis to estimate the creep coefficient. Results indicate substantial deformation after shoring removal, suggesting potential reinforcement needs. The study recommends extending test periods for improved accuracy and recognizing regional climate impacts. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the potential of LVL formwork in TCC structures, emphasizing safety considerations and paving the way for further experimentation under varied conditions to validate structural integrity.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Deficiency and CETP Inhibitors
Mabuchi, Hiroshi,Nohara, Atsushi,Inazu, Akihiro Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.11
Epidemiologic studies have shown that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a strong risk factor, whilst high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, strategies to manage dyslipidemia in an effort to prevent or treat CHD have primarily attempted at decreasing LDL-C and raising HDL-C levels. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the exchange of cholesteryl ester for triglycerides between HDL and VLDL and LDL. We have published the first report indicating that a group of Japanese patients who were lacking CETP had extremely high HDL-C levels, low LDL-C levels and a low incidence of CHD. Animal studies, as well as clinical and epidemiologic evidences, have suggested that inhibition of CETP provides an effective strategy to raise HDL-C and reduce LDL-C levels. Four CETP inhibitors have substantially increased HDL-C levels in dyslipidemic patients. This review will discuss the current status and future prospects of CETP inhibitors in the treatment of CHD. At present anacetrapib by Merck and evacetrapib by Eli Lilly are under development. By 100mg of anacetrapib HDL-C increased by 138%, and LDL-C decreased by 40%. Evacetrapib 500 mg also showed dramatic 132% increase of HDL-C, while LDL-C decreased by 40%. If larger, long-term, randomized, clinical end point trials could corroborate other findings in reducing atherosclerosis, CETP inhibitors could have a significant impact in the management of dyslipidemic CHD patients. Inhibition of CETP synthesis by antisense oligonucleotide or small molecules will produce more similar conditions to human CETP deficiency and may be effective in reducing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. We are expecting the final data of prospective clinical trials by CETP inhibitors in 2015.