휴양림을 다녀와서

노현석 숲과 문화 연구회 2004 숲과 문화 Vol.13 No.5

Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 錯物 觸媒에 의한 p-Nitrophenyl Alkanoate類의 加水分解 反應 메카니즘에 관한 硏究

盧載根,金昌錫,洪淳瑛,鄭賢淑 漢陽大學校 自然科學硏究所 1997 自然科學論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Triamine이 tridentate 리간드를 형성하는 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 착물을 합성하여 imidazole과 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 착물의 촉매 작용을 p-nitrophenyl alkanoate의 가수분해에 대하여 자외선 분광법으로 조사하였다. Triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 착물은 pH 10.0 이하에서는 imidazole 보다 촉매 효과가 작았으나 pH 11.0에서는 imidazole 그 자체보다 2.6 배의 비교적 큰 촉매 효과를 나타내었다. p-Nitrophenyl acetate의 가수분해 반응 속도는 pH 6.0-9.0에서는 완만히 증가하다가 pH 10.0-11.0에서는 급격히 증가하였다. p-Nitrophenyl alkanoate류의 이들 촉매에 의한 가수분해 반응 속도는 pH 7.0에서는 이들 ester에 있는 acyl 기의 탄소수가 많아지고 bulky 해짐에 따라 42.5-43.5 배 감소하였으며, pH 10.0에서는 7.2-17.3 배로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 이 사실로부터 p-nitrophenyl alkanoate의 가수분해 반응은 imidazole 또는 triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate 착물 촉매하에서 낮은 pH(pH 7.0)에서는 친핵성 촉매 작용 메카니즘으로 진행되며 한편, 높은 pH(pH 10.0)에서는 일반 염기성 촉매 작용 메카니즘으로 진행한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. The triamine-copper(Ⅱ)-imidazolate complex(C₂C₂CuIm) in which triamine serves as a tridentate ligand was synthesized. The catalytic action of C₂C₂CuIm comparing with imidazole for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates was observed by a UV spectrophotometric method. Below pH 10.0, the catalytic effect of C₂C₂CuIm was smaller than that of imidazole itself, but the catalytic effect was 2.6 times as large as that of imidazole at pH 11.0. The rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate was increased slowly at pH 6.0-9.0 but rapidly at pH 10.0-11.0 By increasing bulkiness and carbon number of acyl group in ester, the reaction rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates with these catalyst decreased 42.5-43.5 times at pH 7.0 but 7.2-17.3 times at pH 10.0. With this result, it could be postulated that the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates with imidazole or C₂C₂CuIm catalyst proceeds through nercleophilic catalysis path at low pH(pH 7.0), on the other hand, general base catalysis path at high pH(pH 10.0).

디자인 교육의 사회적 요구의 도자공예 교육의 방법적 제언

노현숙 경희대학교 디자인연구원 2006 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.9 No.2

최근의 디자인 교육은 대인 관계와 사회적 역량 및 전문분야의 업무처리 능력, 경제와 시장변화에 대한 신속한 대처, 현장에 바로 적용되는 인력 양성, 여성 인력의 증가, 디자인의 재교육 연수 등의 필요성을 강조하고 있으며 이에 부응하는 대학교육의 Curriculum이 짜여가고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 디자인 교육에서 기획과 크리에티브의 응용사고 영역이 미국과 영국에서는 강조되고 있으며 이에 이들 나라가 세계 디자인을 주도하고 있음을 간과할 수 없다. 우리나라에는 연간 3만명에 달하는 디자인 관련학과 졸업생이 있음에도 전문 인력이 부족하다는 모순적 지적과 함께 초등, 중등, 고등 교육기관의 디자인 교육의 재검토가 요구되기도 하지만, 산업, 시각, 공예 디자인의 특성상의 분리와 보완적 상호관계의 디자인 교육방법론의 연구가 시급하다. 이에 도제적 공예교육을 버릴 수도 없는 특수성과 현실에서 산업적 디자인 교육을 받아 들여야 되는 공예학과 디자인 교육 방법의 적극성과 자율성 및 다양한 취업의 진로를 제언해 보고자 한다.

최근 10년간 원광의대병원에서 시행한 소아 심장혈관 수술의 임상적 고찰

윤향석,정수미,최두영,오광수,오연균,김종덕,양현웅,이삼윤,김형곤,최종범,최순호,노병석 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1995 圓光醫科學 Vol.11 No.2

We reviewed 10 years experiences of the clinical aspects and early postoperative results in 544 pediatric patients(age less than 16 years old). Among them. 529 cases had the congenital heart diseases, and 15 had the acquired diseases. Open heart surgery was performed in 413 patients. 115 cases were treated with non-open heart surgery. 16 with interventional catheterization. Annual increase of the cardiac patients was not significant in recent 10 years, except slight increase in 1994. The mean age of the study patients had been evidently changed to younger year by year. Total mortality rate of the open heart surgery was 6.4%. The cyanotic congenital heart diseases were high in early postoperative mortality by 25.7%, whereas 4% in acyanotic group. The age group less than one month was most highest in surgical mortality(66.7%). There were no deaths in patients with patent ductus arteriosus(103 cases), atrial septal defect(83 cases) or pulmonary stenosis(17 cases). Among 220 patients with ventricular septal defects(VSD). 10(4.5%) were died early postoperatively. In cyanotic group, the patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects(PAVSD), transposition of the great arteries(TGA), interrupted aortic arch(IAA), complex cardiac anomalies with isomerism seemed to be most susceptible to an early death.

정삼각형 구멍의 Fraunhofer 회절에 대한 고찰

金賢洙,鄭淳英,盧景錫 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

We obtain the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern for a regularly triangular aperture by the use of the He-Ne Laser. Experimental results are well satisfied with the following theoretical properties of the diffraction image: (i) Since the intensity continuously decreases there are not secondary maxima, (ii) there are not alternating bright and dark bands and (iii) there are three symmetric axes.

과학 수행 평가 문항의 선정 및 제작을 위한 평가 준거의 개발

김은진,박현주,강호감,노석구 한국과학교육학회 2003 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구에서는 과학교육에서 수행평가의 올바른 사용과 정착을 위하여 과학 수행평가문항의 선정과 제작을 위한 평가준거를 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 과학과 평가목표 및 수행평가에 대한 이론적 논의를 통해 평가준거의 대범주로 평가 목표의 충실도(Fidelity), 수행평가의 특징과 구성 요소에 대한 만족도(Satisfaction), 문항의 내용 타당도(Content Validity), 학습자에 대한 내용의 적합도 및 공정성(Suitability & Fairness), 문항의 신뢰도와 객관도(Reliability & Objectivity), 사용상의 편의성 및 실용성(Usability)의 6가지 범주를 개발하였고, 각 대범주별 하위항목을 선정하여, 총 25개의 하위 항목을 가진 평가준거표를 개발하였다. 그리고 개발된 평가준거표의 타당도는 과학교육 연구자 5명의 안면타당도로 보았고, 신뢰도는 3가지 종류의 과학 수행평가문항을 과학교육 전문가 2명과 초등예비교사 6명이 평가하교, 그 결과를 Kendall계수를 통한 평가자간 합치도로 검증하였다. 그 결과 합치도는 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 나타났다. 이상의 과정을 통하여 최종적인 평가준거표를 완성하여 제시하였다. We have developed of a criterion that would help to select and develop performance assessments in science education. There are six categories of a criterion: Fidelity, satisfaction, content validity, fairness & suitability, reliability & objectivity, and usability. There are the total of 25 sub-categories under the six categories. Five science educators evaluated the validity of the criterion. For reliability of the criterion, Kendall's tau-b was used. Eight science educators and elementary teachers evaluated three performance assessment tasks for the correspondence of the criterion. This study also discuss the implications of this criterions as well.

지렁이를 이용한 슬러지 안정화시 부하율의 영향 및 슬러지 종류별 안정화 가능성 검토

서성철,박종안,이노섭,배형석,이종화,허준무,김준현 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.3 No.2

Stabilization of organic sludges using earthworms was conducted in a laboratory to investigate the effect of feed rate on the vermistabilization, and feasibility of vermistabilization of various sludge was also carried out to further wider application of vermistabilization. Sludges used in this study were septic tank sludge, papermill sludge and brewery sludge. Sludge reduction, cast production, earthworm growth rate and cocoon production were monitored periodically to check degree of stabilization. Feed rate of septic tank sludge did not have a notable effect on the sludge reduction and cast production per unit weight or earthworm. There was also no difference in the earthworm growth rate per unit weight of the sludge removed among the different sludge feed rate. The amount of septic tank sludge, papermill sludge and brewery sludge per gram of earthworm per day were 0.06, 0.05, and 0.02g, respectively. The weight of increase of earthworm per unit weight of the sludge removed was 0.18g/g for the septic tank sludge, 0.21g/g for the papermill sludge, and only 0.06g/g for the brewery sludge. It was therefore concluded that brewery sludge was not suitable for vermistabilization mainly due to high organic content to be easily converted organic acid. The concentrations of several heavy metals, volatile solids, total organic carbon and total kjeldahl nitrogen in the cast were generally lower than those in the raw sludges.

생체분해성 고분자를 이용한 사시수술용 제형개발 및 효용성에 대한 연구

민병무,김용백,김승영,김창식,박근성,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A new device, muscle clamping system was developed to facilitate exact quatifying technique A strabismus surgery, and reduce the risk of complications. The device is composed of a lower fixing body with three jaws and an upper supporting body. They are used to clip an extraocular muscle and fix it to the sclera with a single bite. Superior rectus recession on 16 rabbit eyes were performed with this new device. Conjunctival injection, muscle adhesion strength, and light microscopic findings were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The Conjunctival injection were minimal, adhesion power ranged from 420 to 600 gram gravity, which is sufficient in withstand the normal pull of human extraocular muscle. In microscopic exam, some Inflammatory cells and fibrosis were found. The new device was technically easy, fast, and accurate, so it may be useful in stabismus surgery.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Photoluminescence and electrical properties of epitaxial Al-doped ZnO transparent conducting thin films

Noh, Jun Hong,Cho, In-Sun,Lee, Sangwook,Cho, Chin Moo,Han, Hyun Soo,An, Jae-Sul,Kwak, Chae Hyun,Kim, Jin Yong,Jung, Hyun Suk,Lee, Jung-Kun,Hong, Kug Sun WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.206 No.9

<P>Epitaxial ZnO and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were grown on (0001)-sapphire substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The photoluminescence spectrum of the highly conductive (1.3 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> S cm<SUP>−1</SUP>), as-grown AZO shows a poor near band edge (NBE) emission (3.30 eV) and no deep level emission at room temperature. In addition, the peak (3.386 eV) for the free excitons of AZO showed thermal quenching behavior with two activation energies (38.2 and 10.0 meV). The poor NBE emission is attributed to the nonradiative recombination center created by Al doping. Highly conductive (6.0 × 10<SUP>2</SUP> S cm<SUP>−1</SUP>) and intense NBE emitting AZO films could be achieved by the reduction of the nonradiative recombination centers through hydrogen annealing.</P>