Clonal Propagation of Triploid Acorus calamus Linn. Using Dual-Phase Culture System

Ningthoujam Sandhyarani,Gurumayum Jitendra Sharma,Rajkumar Kishor 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.3

Acorus calamus is an important medicinal plant which has been used in Indian traditional medicine since time immemorial. Various bioactive molecules, viz., acorin, α- and β–asarone, asaryldehyde, caryophylene, isoasarone, methylisoeugenol, and safrol have been isolated from this plant. However, the use of this plant for medicinal purpose has been recently banned due to the high toxic property of β-asarone. The triploid Acorus calamus is reported to be low in β-asarone content and thus found to be the ideal raw material for medicinal use. The present investigation represents our finding for successful in vitro clonal propagation of the elite triploid accessions of Acorus calamus for mass propagation. In the dual-phase culture system consisting of agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium overlaid by liquid fraction of the same medium, maximum multiple shoot induction was favored by supplementation of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg L^(-1) ) and 6-benzylaminopurine (2.0 mg L^(-1) ). In vitro rooting of the microshoots was maximum in the medium supplemented with indolebutyric acid at 2.0 mg L^(-1) . The well-rooted microshoots could be successfully hardened and transplanted in the field. This result can be reproduced and is a viable protocol for successful clonal propagation of the seedless triploid Acorus calamus for conservation and sustainable development.

Microrhizome Induction in Acorus calamus Linn. - An Important Medicinal and Aromatic Plant

Ningthoujam Sandhyarani Devi,Rajkumar Kishor,Gurumayum Jitendra Sharma 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.5

An effective protocol for in vitro microrhizome induction was developed for Acorus calamus. The explants,rhizome axillary buds, were cultured on dual phase Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium consisting of agar solidified phase overlaid by liquid fraction of the same medium. In this study, the effects of indole butyric acid (IBA) and α–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) containing 2-10% (w/v) sucrose were examined on microrhizome induction. Best response was observed on the medium supplemented with 2.0 mg·L-1IBA and 60% sucrose under 16/8 hours light/dark photoperiod which produced the maximum rhizome fresh weight (0.82 g) and size (length 4.8 cm; diameter 0.55 cm) in 6weeks. The microrhizomes had 7-8 buds which were developed independent of season and each segment sprouted into roots and shoots when transplanted to soil. This protocol can be adopted for various applications, viz., large scale production of propagules of elite cytotype, in vitro conservation of the microrhizome, synthesis of secondary metabolites and for studying the biosynthetic pathways of the bioactive molecules present in the rhizomes of this important medicinal and aromatic plant.

New Investigations of Aggressive Packet Combining Scheme to Reduce Transmission Delay and Three States Markov Model Using Multiple Routes to Increase Throughput

Sanjit Ningthoujam,Swarnendu K. Chakraborty,Chandan T. Bhunia 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.5

Aggressive packet combining (APC) was introduced to correct error with low latency in wireless network. Wireless Network is high error prone (Bit error rate varies from 10-2 to 10-4). Several modified APC have been studied elsewhere for improving throughput and error correction. In this paper we propose new investigations of different basic protocols of APC to reduce transmission delay by checking Hamming Distance. Three state Markov model using multiple routes is studied to achieve high throughput.

Clonal Propagation of Triploid Acorus calamus Linn. Using Dual-Phase Culture System

Sandhyarani, Ningthoujam,Kishor, Rajkumar,Sharma, Gurumayum Jitendra 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.3

Acorus calamus is an important medicinal plant which has been used in Indian traditional medicine since time immemorial. Various bioactive molecules, viz., acorin, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-asarone, asaryldehyde, caryophylene, isoasarone, methylisoeugenol, and safrol have been isolated from this plant. However, the use of this plant for medicinal purpose has been recently banned due to the high toxic property of ${\beta}$-asarone. The triploid Acorus calamus is reported to be low in ${\beta}$-asarone content and thus found to be the ideal raw material for medicinal use. The present investigation represents our finding for successful in vitro clonal propagation of the elite triploid accessions of Acorus calamus for mass propagation. In the dual-phase culture system consisting of agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium overlaid by liquid fraction of the same medium, maximum multiple shoot induction was favored by supplementation of ${\alpha}$-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg $L^{-1}$) and 6-benzylaminopurine (2.0 mg $L^{-1}$). In vitro rooting of the micros hoots was maximum in the medium supplemented with indolebutyric acid at 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$. The well-rooted microshoots could be successfully hardened and transplanted in the field. This result can be reproduced and is a viable protocol for successful clonal propagation of the seedless triploid Acorus calamus for conservation and sustainable development.

An Observational Study in Manipur State, India on Preventive Behavior Influenced by Social Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic Mediated by Cyberchondria and Information Overload

Bala, Renu,Srivastava, Amit,Ningthoujam, Gouri Devi,Potsangbam, Thadoi,Oinam, Amita,Anal, Ch Lily The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2021 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.54 No.1

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency posing unprecedented challenges for health authorities. Social media may serve as an effective platform to disseminate health-related information. This study aimed to assess the extent of social media use, its impact on preventive behavior, and negative health effects such as cyberchondria and information overload. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between June 10, 2020 and August 9, 2020 among people visiting the outpatient department of the authors' institution, and participants were also recruited during field visits for an awareness drive. Questions were developed on preventive behavior, and the Short Cyberchondria Scale and instruments dealing with information overload and perceived vulnerability were used. Results: The study recruited 767 participants with a mean age of about 45 years. Most of the participants (>90%) engaged in preventive behaviors, which were influenced by the extent of information received through social media platforms (β=3.297; p<0.001) and awareness of infection when a family member tested positive (β=29.082; p<0.001) or a neighbor tested positive (β=27.964; p<0.001). The majority (63.0%) of individuals often searched for COVID-19 related news on social media platforms. The mean±standard deviation scores for cyberchondria and information overload were 9.09±4.05 and 8.69±2.56, respectively. Significant and moderately strong correlations were found between cyberchondria, information overload, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the use of social media as an information- seeking platform altered preventive behavior. However, excessive and misleading information resulted in cyberchondria and information overload.

Gender Wage Gap in Rural Labour Markets: An Empirical Study of North East India

SINGH, Salam Prakash,NINGTHOUJAM, Yaiphaba Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6

Even after three decades of economic reforms, India's labor market is characterized by stark inter-gender differences in terms of both participation rate and working time. Identification of the causes is necessary to remove the disparity and unequal sharing of economic opportunities to make way for women's empowerment. This research attempts in that direction, examining the prevalence of these inequities in rural areas of North-East Indian states using unit-level data from the 2017-18 Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS). The methodology for the estimation here is based on Blinder- Oaxaca decomposition method after correcting for sample bias forwarded by Heckman. The analysis shows that in both labor force participation and the wage gap, the females in the region lag behind their male counterparts by a huge margin. Further, the analysis shows that one of the main factors leading to the difference is the disparities in human capital assets. On top of female educational enrollment being low, there is also a huge lack of higher educational attainment, while males have accomplished much better in both the parameters. Moreover, the presence of social stigma against women working and discrimination put the female labor outcomes in a gloomy state.

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of seed oil plants of North-East India: A review

Priyanka Saha,Anupam Das Talukdar,Sanjoy Singh Ningthoujam,Manabendra Dutta Choudhury,Deepa Nath,Lutfun Nahar,Satyajit Dey Sarker,Norazah Basar 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.5 No.3

Apart from being used as food, seed oils have also been used traditionally as medicinal products by several communities. However, the full medicinal potential of many seed oil plants is yet to be properly reviewed, particularly for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. North-East India has rich resources of seed oil plants. The availability of detailed information on these plants is quite limited. This review aims to explore and evaluate these seed oil plants of the North-East India with particular emphasis on their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as chemical compositions. A comprehensive literature search on seed oil plants of this region has been performed. Seed oil yielding plants of this region can be categorized into two categories: plants that are used traditionally as sources of edible or medicinal oils and plants that are used for purposes other than as sources of oils. Many seed oil plants of this region have been reported to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and to produce various types of compounds. This review also highlights the importance of these plants in contributing to the local as well as the national economy of India.

Potential bioactive molecules from natural products to combat against coronavirus

Singh Yengkhom Disco,Barsarani Jena,Rina Ningthoujam,Panda Sneha,Priyadarsini Pratigyan,Sabita Pattanayak,Manasa Kumar Panda,Singh Mayanglambam Chandrakumar,Kunja Bihari Satapathy 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Covid-19 is terribly spreading around the globes and there is no stoppage. It is causing mass destruction in mankind allowing them to lock inside home to contain the disease. At present, there are no remedial medicines, drugs, or vaccines available in the market. Researchers are trying their best level to produce drugs to fight againts the disease. Various efforts are being considered by using different directions of scientific knowledge and technologies on treating the disease. The existing antiviral drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir, pitavastatin, nelfinavir, perampanel, and praziquantel are being administered as remedies of covid-19 patients. Unfortunately, none of these drugs works absolutely against the current pandemic. Therefore, bioactive molecules from plants, animals, and microorganisms could be a better option to treat against the covid-19 and its family. Plants can treat many diseases due to the presence of bioactive molecules and their antiviral properties. Presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols, curcumin, kaempferol, catechin, naringenin, quercetin, apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, oleuropein, and epigallocatechin can fight against the coronavirus including covid-19. The listed plants such as litchi seeds, Houttuynia cordata, Chinese Rhubarb extracts, beta-sistosterol from Isatis indigotica root extract have capacity to obstruct the enzymatic activity of SARS. In this article, we have highlighted the bioactive molecules from different plants, animals, and microorganism and their potential activity against the coronavirus. It is a need of the hour to come together to explore more on such bioactive compounds of plants, animals and other microorganism to fight against the covid-19.