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정명철,김호성,김경철,노지현,고재환,김용봉,권동일 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1
Postpartum hemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal deaths. The major causes of postpartum hemorrhage include uterine atony, retained placental fragment, placenta accreta, and lower genital tract lacerations. Conservative treatment is based on administration of uterotonic drugs, vaginal packing, and surgical repair of genital tract lacerations. When bleeding fails to respond to conservative treatment, surgical ligation of uterine vessels or hemostatic hysterectomy is performed. We present a case of postpartum bleeding treated by selective uterine arterial embolization with a brief review of previous literatures of postpartum hemorrhage & uterine arterial embolization.
창조적 지식 기반 사회를 대비한 국어과 교육의 목표와 내용
정혜승,노명완,옥현진 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2000 교육과학연구 Vol.31 No.1
본고는 창조적 지식 기반사회에서 가장 중요한 국어과 교육의 목표는 언어 사용 기능의 신장이며, 이를 실현시키기 위한 교육 내용에 대해 논의하였다. 일부 국어교육학계에서 기능은 하찮고 저열한 것으로 인식되기도 하였으나, 이는 지식의 개념을 명제적 지식에 국한하여 생각하고 기능을 지식과 별개의 것으로 잘못 인식한 데서 기인한 것이다. 본고는 명제적 지식과 방법적 지식의 관계를 탐구하여 기능 학습에 관한 이론을 두 가지로 정리하였다. 하나는 명제적 지식을 우선하여 이를 연습하고 내재화하는 가운데 기능 학습이 이루어진다고 보는 것이며, 다른 하나는 명제적 지식을 전제하지 않고 다양한 경험과 활동을 통해 기능 학습이 이루어진다는 것이다. 전자는 학습 활동이 용이하고 체계적이라는 점에서, 후자는 앎의 과정을 보다 중시한다는 점에서 장점을 갖고 있으나, 한 편으로 전자는 명제적 지식의 성격이 기능 학습에 유효한 것이어야 한다는 검과, 후자는 실제 수업이 이루어지기 위해서 치밀한 계획과 준비가 필요하다는 점에서 문제점도 안고있었다. 3차 국어과 교육과정은 후자의 방법을, 6차와 7차 국어과 교육과정은 전자와 같은 인식을 보이고 있으나, 논의가 개념 수준에서 이루어져 언어 사용 기능 교육이 제대로 이루어지기 어렵다는 한계를 갖는다. 따라서 국어과 교육의 논의는 개념 수준에서 벗어나 실시간과 실공간 속에서 학생들이 무엇을 어떻게 배울 것인지를 구체적으로 제시하는, 곧 수업화ㆍ자료화하는 실질적이고도 기술적인(technical) 논의로 바뀌어야 한다고 본다. Aim and Content of Korean Language Education for a Society Based on Creative Knowledge This thesis argues the improvement of language use skill that is the most important aim of Korean language education in a society based on creative knowledge and the education contents to achieve it. Some Korean language educators regard skill as worthlessness and vulgarity. However it results from the misunderstanding that the concept of knowledge is limited to knowing that and that skill is entirely different from knowledge. This paper summarizes the theory on skill study in two ways by researching the relations between knowing that and Know-how. One is that skill study is done in the process of exercising and internalizing knowing that preferentially and the other is that it's done through a lot of experiences and actives without any premise of knowing that. These have respective merits : former has the easiness and systematic of skill study and the latter thinks highly of the processing of knowledge. On the contrary, there are problems : in case of the former, the content of knowing that should be effective to skill study and the latter needs accurate plan and preparation for actual study. The 3rd education course in Korean language with latter method and the 6th and 7th without former on place a limit that the argument only in concept level makes the actual language use skill difficult. Therefore the argument of Korean language education should be changed to actual and technical one to present in detail what and how students learn in real time and real space.
최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1
This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.