Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Sokho Kim,Myung-Hoon Oh,Bum-Seok Kim,Won-Il Kim,Ho-Seong Cho,Byoung-Yong Park,Chul Park,Gee-Wook Shin,Jungkee Kwon 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been suffi- ciently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to 200mM) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/ mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Kim, Sokho,Oh, Myung-Hoon,Kim, Bum-Seok,Kim, Won-Il,Cho, Ho-Seong,Park, Byoung-Yong,Park, Chul,Shin, Gee-Wook,Kwon, Jungkee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to $200{\mu}M$) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

18S-srRNA 분석에 의한 Acantbamoeba 한국 분리주들의 분류 검토

신호준,지영진,조명수,김형일,박연희,임경일 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1998 아주의학 Vol.3 No.2

Acanthamoeba spp. spread in soil, ponds, air and swimming pool, cause a granulomatous amoebic meningitis and amoebic keratitis in human and experimental animals. Their classification had depended upon morphological characteristics and physiological conditions such as thermophilic status and generation times. However, because amoeba species showed the morphological and physiological diversity in isolates, many attempts have been made on identification of Acanthamoeba spp. Restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of IBS-small subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) was an useful tool for classification among morphologically and genetically closely-related species. In this study, 18S-srDNAs of amoebae were amplified by PCR with primer encoding 18S-srRNA gene and digested with restriction endonudeases, and RFLP analysis was applied on classification of Acanthamoeba Korean isolates (YM-4, YM-5 and YM-7), comparing with reference amoebae, A. culbertsoni, A. polyphaga and A. royreba. Trophozoites of six Acanthamoeba spp. had typical acanthopoda, but did not show any morphological differences. Cyst of Acanthamoeba sp. YM-7 was similar to that of A. polyphaga which was designated as group Ⅱ Acanthamoeba. Morphologically other amoebae belonged to group Ⅲ Acanthamoeba. Digestion of 18S-srDNA with six enzymes, Dde Ⅰ, Hae Ⅲ, Hind Ⅲ, EcoR Ⅰ, Rsa Ⅰ and Sph Ⅰ, resulted in various DNA fragments. Using the method of Nei and U (1979) for RFLP analysis, genetic divergence was not observed between A culbertsoni and Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4. Between A. culbertsoni and Acanthamoeba sp. YM-5, genetic distance was 0.070, 0.364 between Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4 and A. polyphaga, and 0.277 between Acanthamoeba sp. YM-7 and A. polyphaga. In comparison with A. culbertsoni and A. polyphaga, Acanthamoeba sp. YM-7 showed genetic distance of 0.330 and 0.154, respectively. Thus, Acanthamoeba sp. YM-7 is a similar species to A. polyphaga. Acanthamoeba sp. YM-5 is a different species from A. polyphaga, but closely-related to A. culbertsoni. Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4 can be classified as a subspecies or a strain of A. culbertsoni.

만성 틱 장애 뚜렛씨 장애의 임상 특성

신성웅,임명호,현태영,성양숙,조수철 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

뚜렛씨 장애는 근육틱과 음성틱이 만성적으로 지속되는 질환이다. 만성 틱장애는 근육틱 혹은 음성틱 중 하나만 지속적으로 나타나는 질환이다. 본 연구에서는 1998년 4월 1일부터 1999년 4월 1일까지 서울대학교병원 소아정신과 병동에 입원한 만성 틱 장애 아동과 뚜렛씨 장애 아동의 임상적 특징을 조사하고 두 질환 사이의 관계를 비교하고자 시행되었다. 이들의 특성을 확인하기 위해 대조군으로 학습장애 환자를 선정하였다. 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 만성 틱장애(n=13)와 뚜렛씨 장애 환자(n=29)의 평균 발병연령은 각각7.3±2.5, 7.2±2.2.세, 입원시 연령은 평균 11.7±2.7, 11.5±2.6세, 입원기간은 5.7±5.4, 11.0±8.7주였고두 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 학습장애의 경우 발병연령(4.2±1.9세)이 두 장애보다 빠르고 의료기관을 찾는 시기(9.8±3.2세)도 빨랐다. 출생 계절은 틱장애 환자들에서 6월에서 9월 사이가 가장 적었지만 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 남녀의 성비율은 각각 10 : 3, 26 : 3, 11 : 5였고 의미 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 환자가 출생할 때의 아버지와 어머니 연령은 세 군 모두 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 정신과적 가족력이 있는 경우도 세 군 사이에 차이가 없었고 각각 24.1%, 46.2%, 56.3%였다. 발병전 유발 요인이 확인된 경우는 만성틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애에서 11.1%와 35.7%로서 의리 있는 차이를 보이지는 않았지만 학습장애(56.3%)에 비해서는 적었다. 셋째, 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애, 그리고 학습장애 환자의 지능지수는 각각 언어성 지능 92.3±10.7, 94.7±14.9, 94.3±13.8이었고, 동작성 지능은 93.0±20.5, 97.5±13.0, 95.0±16.9이었으며, 전체 지능은 91.9±20.1, 95.8±14.5, 93.9±15.1로서 세 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 기질적 뇌장애 소견은 CT/MRI등에서 0%, 27.3%, 6.3%, 뇌파 이상은 8.3%, 17.2%, 12.5%에서 나타났고 차이는 발견하지 못하였다. 넷째, 항도파민 약물에 대한 반응은 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애 환자에서 각각 84.6%, 77.0%가 부분관해를 보였고 완전 관해된 경우는 한 명도 없었으며 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 다섯째, 공동 유병현황을 조사한 결과 주의력결핍 · 과잉운동장애가 학습장애에서 의리 있게 많은 것을 제외하고는 세 군 사이에 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조사 결과 입원한 환자의 경우 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애를 가진 환자들은 임상적으로 학습장애를 가진 환자와 많은 부분에서 파이를 보였으나 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애를 구분해야 하는 근거를 찾지 못하였다. 중심 단어 : 뚜렛씨 장애 · 틱장애 · 진단 분류 ㆍ 임상적 특성. Tourette's disorder is a disease which manifests one or more motor tics and vocal tics for more than a year. Chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders are characterized by only one kind of tics for more than a year. We intended to investigate the clinical characteristics of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders or Tourette's disorders who had admitted from May 1, 1998 to May 1, 1999 to Seoul National University Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ward. In addition, we compared the clinical characteristics of the patients in order to elucidate the relationship between the two disorders. The patients with learning disabilities were selected as controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the onsets of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders(n=13, 7.3±2.5 years) , and Tourette's disorder(n=39, 7.2±2.2 years), but with learning disability (4.2±1.9 years). Also, the patients with chronic motor tic disorder and Tourette's disorder showed similar age at admission (11.7±2.7 versus 11.5±2.6 years), duration of admission (5.7±5.4 versus 11.0±8.7 weeks), mothers' ages at child birth(27.3±2.9 versus 28.3 ±6.7 years old), and fathers' age at child birth (32.2±3.2 versus 33.3±5.2 years old). We observed that those who had learning disabilities were alike in those aspects, except for age at visit to clinic (9.8±3.2 years old). Family history of psychiatric illnesses (24.1% versus 46.2%), recognized precipitating factors (11.1% versus 35.7%) and response to pharmacological treatments (77.8% versus 76.9%) of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders and Tourette's disorders were observed and no differences were found. Comorbid patterns of diseases were noted. Intrafamilial conflicts were more common in the patients with learning disabilities than those with chronic tic disorders or Tourette's disorders. Precipitating factors were observed more frequent in chronic tic disorder and Tourette's disorder than learning disability. Neurocognitive profiles were investigated, and verbal IQs of the patients with chronic motor tic disorder, Tourette's disorder and learning disability were 92.3±10.7, 94.7±14.9, 94.3±13.8, performance IQs 93.0±20.5, 97.5±13.0, 95.0±16.9 and full-scale IQs 91.9±20.1, 95.8±14.5, 93.9±15.1, respectively, which were found to be not significantly different. No difference was found in structural neurological abnormalities and EEG profiles. The patients with learning disabilities showed more common Bender-Gestalt test abnormalities. In conclusion, we have not found any affirmative clues for the division of chronic motor tic disorder and Tourette's disorder in clinical perspective. KEY WORDS : Tourette's disorder ㆍ Tic disorder ㆍ Classification ㆍ Clinical study.

간질환자의 간질 관련 외상

오동호,박운규,이영주,김희태,김승현,김주한,김명호,신동진 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

개에서 지알디아증의 치료 1례

신에스더,박희서,이시예,송우리,김명철,김덕환,송근호 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

A 3-month-old, 3.85kg female Jin-do dog with chief complaint of bloody diarrhea and depression was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University. In fecal examination, trophozoites of giardia were observed and It was diagnosed as canine giardiasis. For treatment, metronidazole was administered orally for 5 days at a dose of 22mg/kg q12h. Diarrhea was not observed on 3 days after medication and most of clinical signs were disappeared on 7 days after medication with metronidazole. General conditions and activitivities became good on 13 days after medication. In addition, cysts or trophozoites of giardia were not detected any more in fecal examination using floating method with zinc sulphate solution. The present patient was a case of canine giardiasis that showed favorable response to metronidazole.

Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steel

Ho,Kyung Kim,Myung-Il Choi,Chin-Sung Chung Dong-Hyuk Shin 대한기계학회 2002 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.16 No.10

Ultrafine grained (UFG) low carbon (0.15 wt.% C) steel produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was tested for investigating the effect of load ratio on the fatigue crack growth rate. Fatigue crack growth resistance and threshold of UFG steel were lower than that of as-received coarse grained steel. It was attributed to the less tortuous crack path. The UFG steel exhibited slightly higher crack growth rates and a lower △K_th with an increase of R ratio. The R ratio effect on crack growth rates and △K_th was basically indistinguishable at lower load ratio (R>0.3), compared to other alloys, which indicates that contribution of the crack closure vanishes. The crack growth rate curve for UFG steel exhibited a longer linear extension to the lower growth rate regime than that for the coarse grained as-received steel.<br/>

건강성인자원자에 있어서 Theophylline과 β_(2)-adrenergicagonists (Procaterol 및 Albuterol)의 약동학적 상호작용

신현택,권현명,김호순 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 1998 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.14 No.-

Theophylline and adrenergic β₂ -agonists are frequently used together in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Among the adrenergic β₂ -agonists, procaterol and albuterol are most frequently used with theophylline in Korean hospitals. The effect of procaterol and albuterol administration on pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied in 11 normal healthy volunteers(6 males, 5 females). The theophylline clearances with and without /J-adrenergic agonist (procaterol) were 38.76 + 9.53 ml/kg/hr and 32.46 + 8.46 ml/kg/hr respectively, which were not statistically significant. Similar result was seen with albuterol. The values of AUC, T_(1/2), Ke and Vdss were not influenced by either procaterol or albuterol. Also, there was no significant change in cardiac output and heart rate. In conclusion, adrenergic β₂ -agonists (procaterol and albuterol) do not alter theophylline pharmacokinetics.

Ni-Ti 形狀記憶合金의 變態溫度와 回復擧動에 미치는 熱處理의 影響

申明徹,李龍鎬,金英宰 弘益大學校 1985 弘大論叢 Vol.17 No.2

There are many problems to be solved for more wide practical applications of Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys. In this point of view, it was studied to observe the effects of heat-treatment on transformation temperature and recovery behavior of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy in the temperature range of 300℃ to 800℃. Two compositions of 54.9w/o Ni-Ti and 54.4 w/o Ni-Ti were studied in this research. To clarify the effects of heat-treatment on transformation temperature and recovery behavior of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy, Transmission Electron Microscope and Differential Thermal Analysis, Electrical Resistivity technique were employed. The results of this research were as follows: (1) Transformation temperature was decreased with lower annealing temperature below 600℃ and more amount of deformation prior to annealing. (2) In case of annealing above 600℃, transformation temperature depends on only composition and memory properties are not so good. (3) The best annealing temperature for memory properties proved to be around 400℃. (4) In this annealing temperature, the elastic which is lowest and residual deformation has not remained. (5) The width of the twin plate was decreased with increase of the heat treatment temperature.

유한요소해석에 의한 절대코일 와전류 신호의 임피던스 평면도 작성

신영길,이윤태,이정호,송명호 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.4

와전류 탐상에서 차동형 탐촉자는 신호에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 줄일 수 있어 흔히 사용된다. 그러나 차동신호는 인접한 두 코일의 임피던스 차이를 신호로 사용하기 때문에 신호예측이나 해석이 쉽지 않다는 단점이 있다. 반면에 절대코일에 의한 신호는 상대적으로 형태가 단순하므로 신호예측이나 해석이 더 수월하다. 따라서 서로의 장, 단점을 상호보완적으로 사용하면 검사 신뢰도를 향상시키는데 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 인코넬 평판과 튜브에서 절대코일 신호를 예측하기 위하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였고, 리프트 오프, 충전율, 전도도, 탐상 주파수, 피검사체의 두께, 내, 외부 결함 등이 신호에 미치는 영향을 계산하여 임피던스 평면도로 작성하고, 신호특징을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 절대신호에 대한 많은 실용적인 지식을 축적할 수 있었고, 절대신호와 차동신호 특성의 유사성을 이해하게 되었으며, 결함깊이와 주파수 변화에 따른 신호의 기울기를 대응곡선 그래프로 작성할 수 있었다. In eddy current testing(ECT), differential probes have been frequently used since they can reduce the number of parameters that influcence ECT singles. However, differential signal is actually the difference of the two coil's impedance so that signal prediction and interpretation are not easy. On the other hand, absolute coil signal is rather straightforward to predict and analyze. Therefore, combined use of the two types of signals would increase the test reliability. In this paper, absolute coil signals from Inconel plate and tubes are predicted by the finite element analysis and effects of lift-off, fill-factor, conductivity, operating frequency, test specimen thickness, inner diameter defects, and outer diameter defects are investigated. As a result, various impedance plane diagrams are drawn and analyzed. Significant practical knowledge about absolute signals is accumulated and similar characteristics of the two types of signal could be understood. Finally, slope angle versus defect depth calibration curves are prepared for three different frequencies.