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      • KCI등재

        Boron‐ and nitrogen‐embedded blue multi‐resonance emitters with low triplet energy

        Mubarok Hanif,이태환,정재훈,이민형 대한화학회 2024 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.45 No.1

        B,N‐doped multi‐resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are of significant interest for realizing the high efficiency and remarkable color purity of optoelectronic devices. Due to their moderate singlet‐triplet energy gap, managing triplet state (T 1 ) energy is important to enhance the performance of these devices. Herein, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as pyrene and anthracene, are appended to the t ‐DABNA structure, resulting in t ‐DABNA‐PAH compounds, namely t ‐DABNA‐pyr and t ‐DABNA‐ant. Both compounds display sky‐blue fluorescence which lacks TADF characteristics while preserving high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high color purity. The compounds possess low T 1 energy (~2.0 eV), which is advantageous for suppressing the accumulation of undesirable long‐lived T 1 excitons. Particularly, t ‐DABNA‐pyr exhibits emissions with a narrow full width at half maximum (~33 nm) and a high PLQY (~100%) in both solution and rigid states. Theoretical studies further suggest that the low‐energy T 1 state is localized at the PAH moiety. B,N-doped multi-resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are of significant interest for realizing the high efficiency and remarkable color purity of optoelectronic devices. Due to their moderate singlet-triplet energy gap, managing triplet state (T1) energy is important to enhance the performance of these devices. Herein, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as pyrene and anthracene, are appended to the t-DABNA structure, resulting in t-DABNA-PAH compounds, namely t-DABNApyr and t-DABNA-ant. Both compounds display sky-blue fluorescence which lacks TADF characteristics while preserving high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high color purity. The compounds possess low T1 energy (2.0 eV), which is advantageous for suppressing the accumulation of undesirable long-lived T1 excitons. Particularly, t-DABNA-pyr exhibits emissions with a narrow full width at half maximum (33 nm) and a high PLQY (100%) in both solution and rigid states. Theoretical studies further suggest that the low-energy T1 state is localized at the PAH moiety.

      • KCI등재

        Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Properties of Ortho-Carbazole-Appended Triazine Compounds

        Hanif Mubarok,오지훈,이희채,정재훈,이민형 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.11

        We report the synthesis and thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) properties of ortho-carbazole-appended triazine compounds. Two donor (D)-acceptor (A) compounds, CzMeoTRZ (1) and BuCzMeoTRZ (2), in which the carbazole (Cz and t-BuCz) donor and 4,6-dipheny-1,3,5-triazine (TRZ) acceptor moieties are linked in the ortho position of the 3-methylphenylene ring were prepared and characterized. Both compounds exhibit broad blue emission at 465 and 487?nm, respectively (photoluminescence quantum yield, ΦPL = 27% and 49% in toluene), which is typical of the donor to acceptor ICT transition. The transient PL decay measurements confirm that both compounds have TADF character with the microsecond-range delayed lifetimes (τd = 1.09??s for 1 and 1.51??s for 2). Electrochemical analysis indicates that both compounds undergo carbazole-centered oxidation and triazine-centered reduction. Theoretical studies further show the twisted D-A structure, effective separation of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and small energy splitting between the excited singlet and triplet states for 1 and 2, all of which support the observed TADF.

      • KCI등재

        Effect of bridging units on the photophysical properties of 4-NEt2-appended salen−indium complexes

        Hanif Mubarok,Min Hyung Lee,Sang Woo Kwak,Ji Hye Lee,Hyonseok Hwang,Kang Mun Lee,Youngjo Kim,Myung Hwan Park 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.10

        A series of 4-NEt2-appended salenindium complexes bridged by different dii-mine units (ethylene [Et,1], phenylene [Ph,2], and benzonitrile [PhCN,3]) withdifferent electronic effects were prepared in high yields by a one-pot syntheticprocedure. Among them, the solid-state structure of1was identified by X-raycrystallography, featuring a square-pyramidal structure around the indium cen-ter. Ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) absorption and emission spectra of1–3showedtypicalππ* electronic transitions centered on the salen ligands, which under-went gradual redshifts as the electron-withdrawing ability of the bridging unitsincreased. Such bathochromic shifts resulted from lowering the energy levelsof the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). In addition, the full widthat half maxima for the emissions of1–4gradually decreased with increasingelectron-accepting property of the bridging units. The observed photophysicalproperties were further supported by theoretical calculations.

      • KCI등재

        Planarized B,N-diarylated dibenzoazaborine compounds for deep blue fluorescence

        Ina Nur Istiqomah,Hanif Mubarok,Tae Hwan Lee,Ngoc Tuyet Nhi Nguyen,Jaehoon Jung,Min Hyung Lee 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.2

        A series of planarized B,N-diarylated dibenzoazaborine compounds (5a?5e) in which various functional groups are introduced into the B-Ph and N-Ph moieties of nonsubstituted dibenzoazaborine compound (I) were prepared. All compounds exhibit strong low-energy absorptions at ca. 410?426?nm with a gradual red-shift depending on the electron-accepting property of the four substituents (4-R = 4-Ph?<?4-Pm?<?4-CNPh <4-CN) on the B-Ph ring in 5a?5d. Introduction of an electron-donating tBu group into the N-Ph ring further shifts slightly the absorption band toward a lower-energy region (5e). Importantly, all compounds undergo gradual red-shifts in the emission leading to deep blue fluorescence for CN-substituted 5d and 5e. Furthermore, the emissions have narrow full width at half maximum values of ca. 30?nm, high photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL?≈?100%), and small Stokes shifts (11?16?nm). The electrochemical and theoretical studies further support the bandgap control and photophysical properties of compounds.

      • KCI등재

        High-Resolution 3-D Refractive Index Tomography and 2-D Synthetic Aperture Imaging of Live Phytoplankton

        이상윤,김교현,Adam Mubarok,Adisetyo Panduwirawan,이겨레,이신화,박현주,박용근 한국광학회 2014 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.18 No.6

        Optical measurements of the morphological and biochemical imaging of phytoplankton are presented. Employing quantitative phase imaging techniques, 3-D refractive index maps and high-resolution 2-D quantitative phase images of individual live phytoplankton are simultaneously obtained without exogenous labeling agents. In addition, biochemical information of individual phytoplankton including volume, mass, and density of individual phytoplankton are also quantitatively obtained from the measured refractive index distributions. We expect the present method to become a powerful tool for the study of phytoplankton.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Physicomechanical Properties Enhancement of Fast-Growing Wood Impregnated with Wood Vinegar Animal Adhesive

        ( Efrida Basri ),( Saefudin ),( Mahdi Mubarok ),( Wayan Darmawan ),( Jamal Balfas ),( Yelin Adalina ),( Yusuf Sudo Hadi ) 한국목재공학회 2023 목재공학 Vol.51 No.6

        This study is a continuation of our previous work, which focused on the resistance of jabon wood to termites after impregnation with wood vinegar (WV) and animal-based adhesive (kak). This paper presents the physicomechanical properties of fast-growing jabon wood impregnated with kak at two concentrations (8% and 10%) in wood vinegar or water as a solvent with and without 4% borax. The physical properties of the impregnation solution, that is, viscosity, density, pH, and solid content, were evaluated according to SNI 06-4567-1998. Some physical parameters, such as weight percent gain (WPG), density, water uptake, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), crystallinity, and mechanical properties, i.e., modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compression strength parallel to the grain (CS), of the impregnated wood were determined. Based on these results, wood impregnated using a mixture of kak in WV presented better physical (increased WPG, density, dimensional stability, and crystallinity) and mechanical (increased MOE/MOR and compression strength) properties than wood impregnated with a water solvent or untreated wood. The wood impregnated using WV and water solvent improved the physical and mechanical properties. The density of the wood increased by 44%-58% and 32%-47%, ASE radial-tangential increased by 38%-45%; 15%-28% after 24 h of water immersion, crystallinity increased by 59%-74%; 36%, MOE increased by 46%- 57%; 28%-31%, MOR increased by 29%-34%; 14%-27%, and compression strength increased by 40%-76%; 38%-72% values to untreated wood.

      • KCI등재

        Resistance of Polystyrene-Impregnated Glued Laminated Lumbers after Exposure to Subterranean Termites in a Field

        Dede Hermawan,Mahdi MUBAROK,Imam Busyra ABDILLAH,Yusuf Sudo HADI,Cossey YOSI,Aujchariya CHOTIKHUN,Rohmah PARI,Gustan PARI 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.1

        Termites are a serious threat to wood-based products in Indonesia. This study investigated the termite resistant property of glulam made from polystyrene-modified wood. Three tropical fast-growing wood species, namely mangium (Acacia mangium), manii (Maesopsis eminii), and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), were prepared for flat-sawn laminae. After getting air-dried condition, the laminae were impregnated with polystyrene using potassium peroxydisulphate as a catalyst followed by polymerization at 80℃. Polystyrene-impregnated and control glued-laminated lumbers (glulams) were manufactured, and solid wood was provided. Three wood species and three wood products with six replicates were exposed in a field in Bogor, Indonesia, for four months, and before the tests, their density and moisture content were measured. At the end of the field tests, the weight loss and protection levels of each test sample were determined. A completely randomized factorial design was used for data analysis. The weight percentage gains for mangium, manii, and rubberwood were 22.30%, 18.22%, and 10.44%, respectively. The results showed that manii belonged to low-density wood, whereas the other two woods were medium-density wood, and the moisture content was the ambient moisture content, typical of the Bogor area. Regarding weight loss and protection level, mangium was the most durable against subterranean termite attacks, followed by rubberwood and manii. Among the wood products, the polystyrene-impregnated glulam presented the highest durability, followed by the control glulam and solid wood. Therefore, mangium and rubberwood polystyrene-impregnated glulams are recommended for future product development.

      • KCI등재

        Development of Auxotrophic Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL1 by Tn5 Transposon for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Transformation

        Mohamed Sahrul Tamzil,Yuzer Alfiko,Andhika Faisal Mubarok,Sigit Purwantomo,Suwanto Antonius,Budiarti Sri 한국생물공학회 2021 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.26 No.4

        Explant contamination due to Agrobacterium overgrowth after the co-cultivation stage is a common problem in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. In order to overcome this issue, this research undertook another approach by generating auxotrophic Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL1 mutants to a specific amino acid by mini Tn5 transposon carrying spectinomycin resistance gene (spcR), and a total of 3315 AGL1 mutants were successfully constructed. Further screening identified 20 putative auxotrophs, and subsequently produced three mutants carried auxotroph properties to one specific amino acid. These mutants were AP5-2-51 threonine auxotroph, AP5- 5-2 cysteine auxotroph, and AP5-7-27 tryptophan auxotroph. The mini Tn5 insertion position in the Agrobacterium genome showed that the insertion position of AP5-2-51 mutants was in the thrB gene (AAK86584.1; locus tag At1D132_04580), while the other two mutants were unable to be identified by TAIL-PCR technique. The effectiveness of these three mutants to transfer T-DNA (pCAMBIA1300- eGFP-hpt) was examined on fresh Nipponbare rice callus explants with AGL1 as control. Results showed that transformation efficiency of the three mutants was not significantly different from AGL1 (Tukey HSD, α = 0.05). The percentages of Agrobacterium overgrowth in control and samples (three mutants) were also measured. Interestingly, the AP5-2-51 mutant indicated the highest ability to prevent overgrowth by reducing Agrobacterium growth to 1.11%, while the other two mutants suppressed the overgrowth to 15.56% (AP5-5-2) and 12.22% (AP5-7-27).

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