Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Novel Benzofuran Derivatives as Potential Anti-HIV-1, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Agents

Rida, Samia M.,EI-Hawash, Soad A.M.,Fahmy, Hesham T.Y.,Hazza, Aly A.,EI-Meligy, Mostafa M.M. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.1

A novel series of 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl-ethylidene)-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides (2a-d) along with some derived ring systems: substituted-2,3-dihydro-thiazoles(3a-c, 4a-f) and thiazolidin-4-ones(5a-d and 6a-d), were synthesized. In addition, cyanoacetic acid-(1-benzofuran-2-yl-ethylidene) hydrazide(7) was used to prepare another new series of compounds consisting of substituted pyridin-2(1H)-ones(8a-c); 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-thiazoles(9a-d) and 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-6H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-ones (10a-c, 11a-c). The absolute configuration of compound 5c was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds prepared were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Among the tested compounds, compounds 5c and 9a produced a significant reduction ㅐ ㄹ the viral cytopathic effect (93.19% and 59.55%) at concentrations $>2.0{\times}10^{-4}\;M\;and\;2.5{\times}10^{-5}\;M$respectively. Compound 9a was confirmed to have moderate anti-HIV activity. Compounds 2a, 2d, and 5c showed mild antifungal activity. However, none of the tested compounds showed any significant anticancer activity.

How do imaging protocols affect the assessment of root-end fillings?

Torres Fernanda Ferrari Esteves,Jacobs Reinhilde,EzEldeen Mostafa,de Faria-Vasconcelos Karla,Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria,dos Santos Bernardo Camargo,Tanomaru-Filho Mário 대한치과보존학회 2022 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.47 No.1

Objectives This study investigated the impact of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)-based voxel size on the analysis of material/dentin interface voids and thickness of different endodontic cements. Materials and Methods Following root-end resection and apical preparation, maxillary premolars were filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and intermediate restorative material (IRM) (n = 24). The samples were scanned using micro-CT (SkyScan 1272; Bruker) and the cement/dentin interface and thickness of materials were evaluated at voxel sizes of 5, 10, and 20 µm. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test were conducted, and the degree of agreement between different voxel sizes was evaluated using the Bland and Altman method (p < 0.05). Results All materials showed an increase in thickness from 5 to 10 and 20 µm (p < 0.05). When evaluating the interface voids, materials were similar at 5 µm (p > 0.05), while at 10 and 20 µm Biodentine showed the lowest percentage of voids (p < 0.05). A decrease in the interface voids was observed for MTA and IRM at 20 µm, while Biodentine showed differences among all voxel sizes (p < 0.05). The Bland-Altman plots for comparisons among voxel sizes showed the largest deviations when comparing images between 5 and 20 µm. Conclusions Voxel size had an impact on the micro-CT evaluation of thickness and interface voids of endodontic materials. All cements exhibited an increase in thickness and a decrease in the void percentage as the voxel size increased, especially when evaluating images at 20 µm.

How image-processing parameters can influence the assessment of dental materials using micro-CT

Torres Fernanda Ferrari Esteves,Reinhilde Jacobs,Mostafa EzEldeen,Karla de Faria-Vasconcelos,Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria,Bernardo Camargo dos Santos,Mário Tanomaru-Filho 대한영상치의학회 2020 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.50 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of voxel size and different post-processing algorithms on the analysis of dental materials using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: Root-end cavities were prepared in extracted maxillary premolars, filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), and scanned using micro- CT. The volume and porosity of materials were evaluated and compared using voxel sizes of 5, 10, and 20 μm, as well as different software tools (post-processing algorithms). The CTAn or MeVisLab/Materialise 3-matic software package was used to perform volume and morphological analyses, and the CTAn or MeVisLab/Amira software was used to evaluate porosity. Data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (P<0.05). Results: Using MeVisLab/Materialise 3-matic, a consistent tendency was observed for volume to increase at larger voxel sizes. CTAn showed higher volumes for MTA and IRM at 20 μm. Using CTAn, porosity values decreased as voxel size increased, with statistically significant differences for all materials. MeVisLab/Amira showed a difference for MTA and IRM at 5 μm, and for Biodentine at 20 μm. Significant differences in volume and porosity were observed in all software packages for Biodentine across all voxel sizes. Conclusion: Some differences in volume and porosity were found according to voxel size, image-processing software, and the radiopacity of the material. Consistent protocols are needed for research evaluating dental materials.

Cultivation of a New Microalga, Micractinium reisseri, in Municipal Wastewater for Nutrient Removal, Biomass, Lipid, and Fatty Acid Production

Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,EL-Sheekh, Mostafa M.,Ji, Min-Kyu,Salama, El-Sayed,Kabra, Akhil N.,Jeon, Byong-Hun 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.3

Coupling of advanced wastewater treatment with microalgae cultivation for low-cost lipid production was demonstrated in this study. The microalgal species Micractinium reisseri and Scenedesmus obliquus were isolated from municipal wastewater mixed with agricultural drainage. M. reisseri was selected based on the growth rate and cultivated in municipal wastewater (influent, secondary and tertiary effluents) which varied in nutrient concentration. M. reisseri showed an optimal specific growth rate (${\mu}_opt$) of 1.15, 1.04, and 1.01 1/day for the influent and the secondary and tertiary effluents, respectively. Secondary effluent supported the highest phosphorus removal (94%) and saturated fatty acid content (40%). The highest lipid content (40%), unsaturated fatty acid content, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (66%), and nitrogen removal (80%) were observed for tertiary effluent. Fatty acids accumulating in the microalgal biomass (M. reisseri) were mainly composed of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid. Cultivation of M. reisseri using municipal wastewater served a dual function of nutrient removal and biofuel feedstock generation.

Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Novel Benzofuran Derivatives as Potential Anti-HIV-1, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Agents

Samia M. Rida,Soad A. M. El-Hawash,Hesham T. Y. Fahmy,Aly A. Hazza,Mostafa M. M. El-Meligy 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.1

A novel series of 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl-ethylidene)-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides (2a-d) along with some derived ring systems: substituted-2,3-dihydro-thiazoles (3a-c, 4a-f) and thiazolidin- 4-ones (5a-d and 6a-d), were synthesized. In addition, cyanoacetic acid-(1-benzofuran- 2-yl-ethylidene) hydrazide (7) was used to prepare another new series of compounds consisting of substituted pyridin-2(1H)-ones (8a-c); 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-thiazoles (9a-d) and 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-6H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-ones (10a-c, 11a-c). The absolute configuration of compound 5c was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds prepared were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Among the tested compounds, compounds 5c and 9a produced a significant reduction ㅐㄹ the viral cytopathic effect (93.19% and 59.55%) at concentrations >2.0×10-4 M and 2.5×10-5 M respectively. Compound 9a was confirmed to have moderate anti-HIV activity. Compounds 2a, 2d, and 5c showed mild antifungal activity. However, none of the tested compounds showed any significant anticancer activity.

Microbial colonization of sacral nerve stimulators pseudo-capsule: A single institution experience

Mostafa M. Mostafa,Mohamed Kamel,Ayman Mahdy 대한비뇨의학회 2023 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.64 No.5

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and type of microbial colonization of the pseudo-capsule (PC) that forms around sacral nerve stimulators (SNS) and consequently the significance of surgical excision of this PC at time of SNS revision or removal. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 31 patients who underwent SNS revision or removal from January 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The baseline demographics, rate and type of PC microbial colonization and development of SNS insertion site infection were reported. Results: A cohort of 31 patients who underwent “InterStim device (Medtronic)” revision or removal were included. The majority were females (93.5%). The most common indication for SNS insertion was refractory overactive bladder (67.7%). Nine patients (29.0%) underwent SNS revision due to malfunctional device, and 9 patients had SNS removal for the need of MRI procedures. Four patients (12.9%) had positive tissue culture growing Coryneform bacillus (50.0%), Cutibacterium acnes (25.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.0%). Conclusions: PC colonization was uncommon at the time of SNS explant. However, more research is needed to better understand the role of PC-positive culture in increasing the risk of SNS device infections if strict adherence to sterile techniques is adopted.

Experimental study on optimization of CO₂ laser welding parameters for polypropylene-clay nanocomposite welds

M. R. Nakhaei,N. B. Mostafa Arab,Gh. Naderi,M. Hoseinpour Gollo 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.3

In this paper, polypropylene-clay nanocomposite sheets of 2 mm thickness with 0 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% nanoclay are butt welded using a CO2 laser to determine the effect of clay content and laser process parameters on weld tensile strength. For this purpose, Taguchi parametric design and optimization method was used to design experiments and develop a model to predict weld tensile strength as a function of clay content and laser process parameters such as laser power, welding speed and focal position. The adequacy of the model was checked using analysis of variance and by conducting extra confirmation tests. Using Taguchi optimization approach, the optimum levels of parameters were determined. The results indicated that an increase in clay content and welding speed decreased the weld strength, whereas increasing laser power increased weld strength. Furthermore, increase in focal position showed an increasing and then a decreasing effect on weld strength.

Predicting the impact of vegetations in open channels with different distributaries’ operations on water surface profile using artificial neural networks

Mostafa A. M. Abdeen 대한기계학회 2008 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.22 No.9

Most of the open water irrigation channels in Egypt suffer from the infestation of aquatic weeds, especially the submerged ones that cause numerous hydraulic problems for the open channels themselves and their water distributaries such as increasing water losses, obstructing water flow, and reducing channels’ water distribution efficiencies. Accurate simulation and prediction of flow behavior in such channels is very essential for water distribution decision makers. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have proven to be very successful in the simulation of several physical phenomena, in general, and in the water research field in particular. Therefore, the current study aims towards introducing the utilization of ANN in simulating the impact of vegetation in main open channel, which supplies water to different distributaries, on the water surface profile in this main channel. Specifically, the study, presented in the current paper utilizes ANN technique for the development of various models to simulate the impact of different submerged weeds’densities, different flow discharges, and different distributaries operation scheduling on the water surface profile in an experimental main open channel that supplies water to different distributaries. In the investigated experiment, the submerged weeds were simulated as branched flexible elements. The investigated experiment was considered as an example for implementing the same methodology and technique in a real open channel system. The results showed that the ANN technique is very successful in simulating the flow behavior of the pre-mentioned open channel experiment with the existence of the submerged weeds. In addition, the developed ANN models were capable of predicting the open channel flow behavior in all the submerged weeds’cases that were considered in the ANN development process

Assessment of Drag Prediction Techniques for a Flying Vehicle Based on Radar-Tracked Data

M. Doso,M. Y. Zakaria,Mahmoud Y. M. Ahmed,Mostafa Khalil 한국항공우주학회 2024 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.25 No.1

As far as the aerodynamic characterization of a flying vehicle is concerned, flight testing is probably the most accurate approach as it perfectly resembles the real flight environment. Flight data are obtained by tracking the vehicle via radars if modifying the vehicle design is not recommended/attainable. In the open literature, different techniques are used to analyze radar data; the key issue is the computational demands of each technique and the quality of the resulting aerodynamic characteristics. In this paper, three techniques are considered namely, Least-Square (LS), Maximum-Likelihood Estimation (MLE), and Stepwise Regression (SR), with focus on the prediction of the drag coefficient of a case study vehicle. Features for each technique are addressed based on brief previous published data. A new variant of the MLE method is proposed based on the physical segmentation of the available dataset. Predicted point-mass trajectories are compared with own comprehensive flight test to assess the techniques in concern. It is concluded that Stepwise-regression outperforms with a large dataset, while Maximum-Likelihood Estimation is more feasible considering the lack of data. The proposed variant of the MLE method yields more accurate drag prediction compared to the basic one.

A TRUST REGION METHOD FOR SOLVING THE DECENTRALIZED STATIC OUTPUT FEEDBACK DESIGN PROBLEM

MOSTAFA, EL-SAYED M.E. 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.18 No.1

The decentralized static output feedback design problem is considered. A constrained trust region method is developed that solves this optimal control problem when a complete set of state variables is not available. The considered problem is interpreted as a non-linear (non-convex) constrained matrix optimization problem. Then, a decentralized constrained trust region method is developed for this problem class exploiting the diagonal structure of the problem and using inexact computations. Finally, numerical results are given for the proposed method.