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Fatima A. Khalid,Awadia K.M. Ali,Siteldar A. Ali,Zemzem Y.A. Mosmar,Sarah S.M. Salih,Tahani K. Salman,Mohammed A. Desogi,Mohammed A. Soghaier,Eltayeb E. Mohammed,Abdalla A. Mohammed 한국식품연구원 2017 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.4 No.3
Background: Hamishkoreib is among the localities that have suffered most from chronic food insecurity in Kassala State, Sudan. This study was designed to determine the dietary habits and food consumption patterns in this locality. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 403 households in the Hamishkoreib locality from June 2014 to February 2015. Sociodemographic and dietary information was collected through a modified food frequency questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 to estimate the frequency of variables. Results: Among 403 households, the incidence of informal education and illiteracy was 93.3%. Charcoal production and firewood cutting as the main source of income was reported by 66.6%. Three meals per day were consumed by 83.4% of households. They depended largely on cereal foods, particularly sorghum in the form of kissra and assida. Milk and dairy products were dominant in breakfast and dinner. Meat was consumed by 67.7% of households just once per week. However, chicken, fish, and eggs were rarely consumed (1.5%, 0.7%, and 19.8% respectively). Most (85.3%) households related poor or rare consumption of these protein- rich foods to culture, while 14.7% related it to financial reasons or illness. These types of food were mainly consumed by men and were not allowed to be consumed by women and children. Tea and coffee were excessively consumed in the morning and during the day. Fruit and vegetable consumption was low. Conclusion: The study revealed consumption of an unbalanced diet with insufficient proteins and micronutrients. There was excessive consumption of tea and coffee, which had a negative impact on food intake and absorption. The paper recommends launching a major nutrition program to encourage diversity of food consumption and to improve the capacity building of households.
Salman Hamzah Abdulrahman,Alhameedawi Alaa kamil,Muhamad Sarah Mohammed Saeed Ghofran,Taha Zahraa 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.50 No.1
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections in different age groups, including children. Bacteria are the main etiological agents of UTIs. The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from children with UTIs from Baghdad, Iraq. Three hundred and two urine samples were collected from children aged 6 months to 12 years. The samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. The selected colonies were subjected to biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility analysis using the Vitek® 2 Compact automated microbial identification system. In this sample, 299 bacteria were identified, of which, 267 were gram-negative bacteria, and 32 were gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli (56%) was the most commonly isolated gram-negative bacteria, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%), Enterobacter spp. (10.48%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.36%), Proteus spp. (7.8%), Acinetobacter baumannii (1.5%), and Morganella morganii (0.37%). Enterococcus faecalis (62.5%) was the most commonly detected gram-positive bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (37.5%). E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the most antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Among the tested antibiotics, meropenem showed 100% sensitivity, followed by imipenem (97.4%), amikacin (91.8%), and tobramycin (83.5%). In contrast, the high frequencies of resistance were observed with cefixime (93.2%), cefotaxime (78.7%), and ceftriaxone/cefotaxime (71.2%). In conclusion, carbapenems and aminoglycosides are highly recommended for the empirical treatment of UTIs, while, Quinolones, penicillins, and cephalosporins are not suggested. Frequent antibiotics susceptibility testing are warranted to determine the resistance pattern of UTI bacteria.
Optimizing Joint Probabilistic Caching and Channel Access for Clustered D2D Networks
Ramy Amer,Mohamed Baza,Tara Salman,M. Majid Butt,Ahmad Alhindi,Nicola Marchetti 한국통신학회 2021 Journal of communications and networks Vol.23 No.6
Caching at mobile devices and leveraging deviceto-device (D2D) communication are two promising approachesto support massive content delivery over wireless networks. Analysis of such D2D caching networks based on a physicalinterference model is usually carried out by assuming uniformlydistributed devices. However, this approach does not capture thenotion of device clustering. In this regard, this paper proposesa joint communication and caching optimization framework forclustered D2D networks. Devices are spatially distributed intodisjoint clusters and are assumed to have a surplus memorythat is utilized to proactively cache files, following a randomprobabilistic caching scheme. The cache offloading gain is maximizedby jointly optimizing channel access and caching scheme. A closed-form caching solution is obtained and bisection searchmethod is adopted to heuristically obtain the optimal channelaccess probability. Results show significant improvement in theoffloading gain reaching up to 10% compared to the Zipf cachingbaseline.