http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
김민섭(Minsub, Kim) 한국국가법학회 2021 국가법연구 Vol.17 No.3
공무원 근무관계의 법적 성질에 관한 문제에 관하여 현재는 공법상 법률관계로 보는 것이 통설로서 거의 확립되었다고 보아도 무방하다 할 것이다. 판례도 같은 입장이다. 다만 오늘날도 공무원 근무관계에의 사법규정의 적용문제와 밀접한 관련이 있어 과거부터 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔고 아직도 통설 및 판례와는 다른 견해가 제시되고 있는 것도 사실이다. 공무원 근무관계의 법적 성질에 관한 학설로는 이를 일반권력관계와는 다른 행정주체 내부의 특별한 권력관계로 보아 법치행정의 원칙이 적용되지 않는다고 보는 특별권력관계설, 공무원의 근무관계를 사기업 근로자의 사법상 근로관계와 본질적으로 다른 것은 아니라고 보는 사법상 근로관계설, 공무원의 근무관계를 행정주체와 공무원간의 공법상 계약에 의해 형성되는 근로고용관계로 보는 공법상 근로고용관계설, 공무원의 근무관계는 법령에 의하여 규정된다고 보는 공법상 법정근무관계설, 종래 특별권력관계가 수정되어 법치주의가 전면적으로 적용되지만 일반적인 행정법관계와는 다른 특수성을 인정하는 특별행정법관계설이 대립하여 왔다. 생각건대 특별권력관계설은 오늘날 특별권력관계론을 받아들일 수 없다는 측면에서 따를 수 없다. 그리고 우리 헌법이 제7조제2항에서 직업공무원제도를 보장하고 있고 그러한 직업공무원제도의 구체화에 따른 입법에 의해 공무원 근무관계가 구체적으로 형성된다고 하는 점에서 옳지 않다. 그리고 공법상 근로고용관계설과 특별행정법관계설은 공법상 법정근무관계설과 대립하는 견해로 볼 수 없다. 따라서 공법상 법정근무관계설이 타당하다. 우리 판례도 공무원 근무관계를 기본적으로 공법관계로 보면서도, 공무원의 근로자로서의 성격을 인정하여 공무원법령이 특별한 규정을 두고 있거나 근로기준법의 적용을 배제하는 규정이 없는 한 「근로기준법」 등 사법이 적용될 수 있다고 보고 있다. 특히 판례는 공무원 근무조건 법정주의라는 표현으로 공법상 법정근무관계설을 따르고 있는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 근무조건 법정주의의 헌법적 근거는 헌법 제7조제1항에서 찾는 견해, 헌법 제7조제2항에서 찾는 견해, 헌법 제32조제3항을 근거로 보는 견해가 대립하고 있다. 생각건대 헌법 제7조제2항 그 자체가 공무원 근무조건 법정주의의 직접적 근거가 될 것이고 넓게는 헌법 제7조가 된다고 할 수도 있을 것이다. There have been many studies on the legal nature of public official s working relations because that is related to the application of private law to public official s working relations. theories of the legal nature of public official s working relations are opinion of special authority relation, opinion of labour relation under private law, opinion of labour relation under public law, opinion of working relation by public law, opinion of relation under special administrative law. These days, it is the common opinion that public official s working relations is the relation under public law. the precedents have been at the same place. In my opinpon, it is resonable that public official s working relations is working relation by public law. The precedents have used the legality of working conditions of public officials . It is resonable that the constitutional basis of that is article 7(2) in CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA.
Minjeong KIM,Taekyoung LEE,Hyunjin KIM,Heejae BANG,Minji KIM,Minsub CHUNG 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
While the spread of COVID-19 worldwide is currently emerging as a serious social problem, mRNA vaccines with advantages such as rapid development speed and mutation responsiveness are being developed, showing hope for overcoming COVID-19. However, there is a difficulty in transporting and storing mRNA vaccines. We must transport and store mRNA vaccines at cryogenic temperatures because, outside the cryogenic conditions, particle aggregation and leakage occur, which reduces efficacy and causes side effects. Therefore, in order to quickly overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to improve the stability of mRNA vaccines at room temperature. In this study, through the low-temperature decompression concentration method and stabilizer, our goal is maintaining more than 90% of the initial efficacy of the mRNA vaccines at low temperature (2 ~ 8 ℃) for more than 3 months. The low-temperature decompression concentration method and stabilizer can save time required for producing mRNA vaccines and make mRNA vaccines more stable in low temperature (2 ~ 8 ℃). mRNA vaccines in good stability will reduce the difficulties caused by the existing transportation and storage problems and reduce the disposal of the vaccine due to temperature deviation during the breakdown of the freezer, so a great economic and social effects are expected.
김민섭(Kim, Minsub) 국민대학교 법학연구소 2016 법학논총 Vol.28 No.3
Administrative rules involving civil rights or duties are the administrative rules that are delegated by legal orders and have legal forces in combination with the legal orders. The Constitutional Court of Korea rules that the administrative rules involving civil rights or duties are constitutional. The problems of administrative rules involving civil rights or duties are as follows: ① there are some cases that the legal orders delegate the contents to administrative agencies without appointing the forms. But in the cases that legal orders delegate administrative rules involving civil rights or duties, legal orders must appoint the forms of administrative rules. ② there is an opinion that Presidential Decree, Ordinance of the Prime Minister, Ordinance of the Ministry cannot delegate to administrative rules without re-delegating rules of act. But Presidential Decree, Ordinance of the Prime Minister, Ordinance of the Ministry can delegate to administrative rules without re-delegating rules of act if social needs exist. ③ the legal orders delegating to administrative rules must obey the saving clause in paragraph 2 of article 4 of the Framework Act on Administrative Regulations. But There are some cases that violate the clause. ④ There are some cases that administrative agencies do not make administrative rules regardless of legal orders’ delegating.
PCR Chip-adopted Electrochemical Biosensor Module for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Won Jae KIM,Jun Yeong JANG,Min Kyung KIM,Jae Hee WON,Chae Min KIM,Minsub CHUNG 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Diagnostic technology has been rapidly innovated in speed, accuracy, and economy with the goal of suppressing and preventing the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The currently used diagnostic method is based on optical analysis, which is bulky and expensive. Label-free electrochemical diagnostic biosensor is a promising alternative since measuring electrical signals is significantly cheaper and simpler than the optical apparatus. By combining electrochemistry and PCR mechanisms, high economic efficiency and accuracy can be achieved at the same time. When an electrochemical probe is inserted in the PCR reaction tube and electrochemical measurement is performed, the precipitation by-products generated during the DNA amplification process are adsorbed on the surface of the metal sensor. The chemical change is easy to measure electrochemically. In this study, a module that enables impedance analysis during the PCR process is designed and fabricated. In order to simultaneously perform electrochemical analysis and PCR, sealing is essential when the sensor probe is inserted. Various types of module design was examined. The effect of the material for the sensor probe and PCR amplification chamber was analysed, and PCR amplification through electrochemistry was confirmed by gel-electrophoresis. The developed biosensor system will enable label-free, rapid, and affordable detection system for various infectious diseases.