갈화 ( Puerariae flos ) 추출물이 Rat 혈중 Ethanol 농도에 미치는 영향

김정한(Jeong Han Kim),민선식(Sun Sik Min),김성훈(Sung Hoon Kim),홍희도(Heu Do Hong),김종수(Jong Soo Kim),김수언(Soo Un Kim) 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.6

Ethanol concentration in blood, brain and liver of rats was shown to be effectively lowered by arrowroot flower extract. The lowering effect for ethanol concentration in blood was maximum when measured after 1 hour from ethanol feeding. Hot water extract was more effective than 80% ethanol extract. The treatment of extract at 10 min. before ethanol feeding gave a better result than that at 10 min after or 1 hour before ethanol feeding. The ethanol concentration in brain and liver was lowered as found in the blood ethanol concentration. Acetaldehyde was not detected either in blood or the tissues. The optimal amount of the Puerariae flos was 55.7㎎/㎏·body weight. The newly developed analytical method using dichloromethane as extracting solvent was proven to be very effective in terms of speed and simplicity.

Purification and Characterization of Helicobacter pylori ${\gamma}$-Glutamyltranspeptidase

Song, Jae-Young,Choi, Yeo-Jeong,Kim, Jeong-Min,Kim, Yoo-Ree,Jo, Jin-Seong,Park, Jin-Sik,Park, Hee-Jin,Song, Yun-Gyu,Lee, Kon-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Lyun,Baik, Seung-Chul,Youn, Hee-Shang,Cho, Myung-Je,Rhee, Kw The Korean Society for Microbiology 2011 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.41 No.4

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the cell extract of H. pylori. The purified enzyme consisted of heavy and light subunits with molecular weights of 38 kDa and 21 kDa, respectively. N-terminal amino acid sequence of heavy and light subunits revealed that H. pylori GGT was processed into 3 parts for a signal peptide of 27 amino acid residues, a heavy subunit of 352 residues, and a light subunit of 188 residues during translation. The reaction rate for hydrolysis of ${\gamma}$-GpNA was 84.4 ${\mu}mol/min$ per milligram of protein, and that for the ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transfer from ${\gamma}$-GpNA to gly-gly was 23.8 ${\mu}mol/min$ per milligram of protein. The apparent Km values of H. pylori GGT for ${\gamma}$-glutamyl compounds were on the order of $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-4}$ M and those for acceptor peptides and amino acids were on the order of $10^{-1}$ to $10^{-2}$ M. The GGT protein kept approximately 80% of the initial enzymatic activity on incubation at $60^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The optimum temperature and pH for reactions of both hydrolysis and transpeptidation were $40^{\circ}C$ and 9.0, respectively. The transpeptidation and hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by H. pylori GGT were strongly inhibited by L-Gln and moderately inhibited by L-Ala, L-Ser, ${\beta}$-chloro-L-Ala, and L-Glu. These results demonstrated that the biochemical properties of H. pylori GGT are different from those of other bacterial GGTs. Further, H. pylori GGT might degrade glutathione in the gastric mucous layer of humans if the enzyme could be secreted in the bacterial niches.

원산지별 감초추출물의 항산화활성 증가를 위한 효율적인 추출조건 탐색

하지훈 ( Ji Hoon Ha ),이혜미 ( Hye Mi Lee ),권순식 ( Soon Sik Kwon ),김해수 ( Hae Soo Kim ),김문진 ( Moon Jin Kim ),전소하 ( So Ha Jeon ),정유민 ( Yoo Min Jeong ),황준필 ( Jun Pil Hwang ),박종호 ( Jong-ho Park ),최영기 ( Yung-key 대한화장품학회 2013 대한화장품학회지 Vol.39 No.4

본 연구에서는 한국 및 중국산 감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis), 그리고 우즈베키스탄산 감초(Glycyrrhiza glabra)를 대상으로 추출용매, 추출온도, 추출시간 등 추출조건별 추출물을 제조하고 이들 추출물들의 추출 수율과 항산화 활성을 비교하여 최적의 추출조건을 선정하였다. 항산화 활성 중 자유 라디칼(1,1-phenyl-2-pic-rylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성은 85% 에탄올로 60 ℃에서 6 h 동안 추출한 조건에서 한국 감초로부터 얻은 추출물이 가장 높은 활성(46.05%)을 나타내었다. 루미놀 발광법을 이용한 추출물들의 총 항산화능 측정 실험과 피부 광노화에 중요한 ¹O₂으로 유도된 세포막 손상에 대한 추출물들의 세포 보호 효과를 측정한 실험 모두에서도 위의 조건에서 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 한국 감초는 τ₅₀이 116.4 min으로 비교 물질인(+)-α-tocopherol (28.5 min)보다 약 4 배나 높은 세포 보호 효과를 나타내었으며, 추출 수율은 18.75%로 우즈베키스탄 및 중국 감초보다 각각 1.2 배 및 2.5 배의 추출 수율을 나타내었다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과는 항산화 소재로 화장품에 응용하기 위하여 감초로부터 추출물을 얻기 위한 최적의 조건은 85% 에탄올로 60 ℃에서 6시간 동안 추출하는 것임을 보여주었다. In this work, licorice extracts were prepared using various extraction conditions such as extraction solvent, temperature, and time from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) produced in Korea and China and Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) in Uzbekistan. The optimum extraction condition was selected from the extraction yields and antioxidative activities of extracts. Korea licorice extracts showed the highest free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scav-enging activity (46.05%) under the extraction condition of 85% ethanol at 60 ℃ for 6 hours. The prominent ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activity using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay and the cellular protective effect against ¹O₂ induced cellular membrane damage were also shown from the extracts obtained from the same condition. Especially, Korea G. uralensis extracts exhibited the higher prominent protective effect (τ₅₀ = 116.4 min) than (+)-α-tocopherol (τ₅₀ = 28.5 min) and the extraction yield of Korea licorice extract was 18.75%, which is 1.2 times and 2.5 times higher than that of Uzbekistan and China, respectively. These results indicate that the extraction condition of 85% ethanol at 60 ℃ for 6 hours is optimal to prepare licorice extracts, which can be applicable as antioxidative cosmetic materials.

벤조디아제핀 수용체 영상용 양전자 방출 핵종 표지 플루마제닐 유도체 [F-18](3-(2-Fluoro)flumazenil의 합성과 생체 내 분포

장영수,이숙자,강삼식,홍성현,이명철,이동수,정준기,정재민,조정혁 대한핵의학회 1999 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.33 No.6

Purpose: Radiotracers that bind to the central benzodiazepine receptor are useful for the investigation of various neurological and psychiatric diseases. [C-11]Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, is the most widely used radioligand for central benzodiazepine receptor imaging by PET. We synthesized 3-(2-[F- 18]fluoro)flumazenil, a new fluorine-18 (t1/2=110 min) labeled analogue of benzodiazepine receptor imaging agent, and evaluated in vivo for biodistribution in mice. Materials and Methods: Flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) was synthesized by a modification of the reported method. Precursor of 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil, the tosylated flumazenil derivative was prepared by the tosylation of the ethyl ester by ditosylethane. [F-18] labeling of tosyl substitued flumazenil precursor was performed by adding F-18 ion at 85℃ in the hot cell for 20 min. The reaction mixture was trapped by C18 cartridge, washed with 10% ethanol, and eluted by 40% ethanol. Bidistribution in mice was determined after intravenous injection Results: The total chemical yield of tosylated flumazenil derivative was ∼40%. The efficiency of labeling 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil was 66% with a total synthesis time of 50 min. Brain uptakes of 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil at 10, 30, 60 min after injection, were 2.5±0.37, 2.2±0.26, 2.1±0.11 and blood activities were 3.7±0.43, 3.3±0.07, 3.3±0.09%ID/g, respectively. Conclusion: We synthesized a tosylated flumazenil derivative which was successfully labeled with no-carrier-added F-18 by nucleophilic substitution.

FH 통신에서의 안정된 주파수 합성기의 개발

정명덕,김민호,변건식 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.1

For FH-SS communication, We discussed the method of indirect synthesizer in several methods. The problem of single frequency synthesizer using with PLL is a varied coefficient value of damping factor in frequency hopping time, which is caused unstable frequency. So, for stable frequency synthesizer, a coefficient of damping factor must be optimized and synthesized to be removed excessive response time. In this paper, we studied FH using with 2 loop frequency synthesizer which takes stable frequency, we made up simulator and had a good performance(real time speed).

HPLC를 이용한 Alnus속 식물에서의 diarylheptanoids의 정량분석

정동욱,김준식,조수민,이연아,김광호,김세원,이민원 중앙대학교 약학연구소 1999 약학 논총 Vol.13 No.-

Quantitative determination of diarylheptanoids (oregonin and hirsutanonol), which were characteristic components of Alnus spp. has been conducted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The HPLC analysis was carried out using an YMC J'sphere ODS-H80 column [150×4.6mm, S-4μm. 80A(particle)] and a combination of acetonitrile and H2O was used as mobile phase in gradient solvent system. The results showed differnce in the species (Alnus japonica, A hirsuta and A. hirsuta var. sibirica)

한국의 국가정보화사업을 바라보는 이론틀의 모색

민정식 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.5 No.1(A)

Everyone called 21C an 'Information age'. And every nation shows great efforts for informatization. In Korea, the government propelled nation informatization policy from 1996 to nowadays. It is ongoing project. The project contains tremendous policy for promoting informatization. It comprises reform of the social environment, making information Infrastructure, protection of the intellectual property etc. It is huge project that can change Korea's future. But most evaluation of the informatization policy is an empirical appraisal on the project's result. Evaluation of the basic direction of informatization policy is rare. This study is an theoretical approach to evaluate the basic direction of Korea's informatization policy. First, it examine the meaning of informational society based on Manual Castells' informational society. After this, it examine character and character formation of Korea as a newly industrial nation. Finally, it propose a theoretical frame for informatization policy of Korea based on autonomy of state.

TNF-α 유전자형과 방광암과의 관계

정필두,김은정,엄민식,서정원,윤석중,김종석,이상철,김원재 충북대학교 의학연구소 2001 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.11 No.2

연구목적: TNF-α는 일부 종양의 종양화 과정과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 TNF-α 발현에 영향을 미치는 TNF-α 촉진자 -308 부위의 유전적 다형성이 방광암과 관련이 있는지 유무를 알고자 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 유전자 분석을 위하여 환자 113명 및 대조군 109명으로부터 혈액을 채취하여 genomic DNA를 분리한 후 PCR-RFLP 및 direct DNA sequencing을 통하여 TNF-α유전자의 다형성을 조사하여 방광암의 발생, 병기 및 분화도와 비교 검토하였다. 결과: TNF-α 촉진자 -308 부위의 유전형은 대조군에서는 GG형이 83.5%(90례 및 GA형이 16.5%(19례)로 관찰되었으며 AA형은 없었다. 환자군에서는 GG 형이 85.4%(97례), GA형 및 AA형은 각각 13.1%(15례)및 0.8%(1례)에서 관찰되었다. 두 군 모두에서 GG형이 가장 많이 나타났으며 다음으로 GA형을 보이고 AA형은 1례의 방광암 환자에서만 관찰되었다. -308부위의 경우도 두 군 사이에 유전자형의 차이는 없었다(p=0.259) 분화도별 분포를 보면 grade I이 20례, grade II가 49례, grade Ⅲ은 34례였고 병기별로 표재성인 경우가 90례였으며 침윤성은 14례였다. 분화도가 나빠질수록 GA형이 증가하였다(p=0.04). 그러나 병기와 TNF-α promoter -308부위의 유전자형 사이에는 유의한 상관 관계가 없었다(p=0.123). 결론: 방광암 환자의 혈액에서 GA genotype이 관찰되는 경우, 분화도가 나쁠 가능성이 매우 높기 때문에 좀 더 적극적인 치료와 세밀한 추적관찰을 함으로써 방광암으로 인한 사망과 암의 진행을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Purpose : Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is involved in tumorigenesis of several cancers as an endogenous tumor promoter. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphism of TNF-α promoter region (-308) was associated with human bladder tumor. Materials and Methods: The DNA from 113 and 109 respective blood samples of bladder tumor Patients and control group was analyzed by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct DNA sequencing methods to characterize the genetic polymorphism of -308 promoter region of the TNF-α gene in bladder tumor patients. We compared the association of bladder tumor with genetic Polymorphism of TNF-α promoter region(-308) in relation to the stage, grade, recurrence and progressio. Results : Eighty-six percents(97/113) of bladder tumor patients and 83.5% (90/109) of control group showed genotype GG at -308 region of TNF-α. Difference in genetic variations of TNF-α promoter (-308) did not exist between bladder tumor patients and control group(p=0.259). Tumor grade was significantly related to the GA genotype (p=0.04). The higher is the grade in bladder tumor, the more frequent was the GA genotype. Tumor stage, recurrence and progression were not significantly associated with genetic polymorphism of TNF-α promoter region (-308). Conclusion: The GA genotype of TNF-a promoter region (-308) had a significant impact on TNF-α production and was related to higher grade tumor compared to GG genotype. TNF-α serum levels in bladder tumor patients were significantly higher than controls. These data suggested that TNF-α might involve the tumorigenesis of the bladder rather than treatment or prevention of bladder tumor.

일측폐환기 시 Propofol, Ketamine 및 Enflurane이 동맥혈 산소 분압과 이산화탄소 분압에 미치는 영향의 비교

우남식,이규창,김민정,김윤수 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

The mechanism which normally affects distribution of blood flow through unventilated areas of the lung is hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, this acts to divert the blood to well ventilated alveoli, resulting in a better retio of ventilation to perfusion. Several reports have focused attention to the reduction or abolition of this reflex in the unventilated lung by most volatile anesthetic agents used in clinical practice. This response was not abolished by the intravenous anesthetic agents. 30 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery were stuided to evaluate the effect of a propofol(n=10), ketamine(n=10) and enflurane(m=10) on the changes in PaO₂ and in PaCO₂ as reflections of shunt and ventilation respectively during one lung anesthesia. We have demonstrated that in all cases a PaO₂ in excess of 105.3mmHg, 79.5mmHg, and 177mmHg were achived with propofol, ketamine and enflurane. In all cases a PaCO₂ was under the 36.8mmHg. We concluded that both propofol and enflurane were satisfactory anesthetics for one-lung anesthesia. and ketanine was not ideal for one-lung anesthesia in adult patients.

기대-불일치 패러다임에서 예상의 영향력에 관한 연구 : 브랜드 경험유무와 측정시점 시간간격의 조정적 역할

이학식,임지훈,구민정 한국방송광고공사 2005 광고연구 Vol.0 No.68

소비자 만족결정 과정을 설명하기 위하여 기대 - 불일치 패러다임이 개발된 이후 이 패러다임내의 연구단위들 간의 관계에 관해 많은 연구들이 수행되었다. 이러한 관계들 중에서 기대(본 연구에서는 예상)의 영향력은 여러 연구들에서 다르게 나타났다. 본 논문은 기대 - 불일치 패러다임 내에서 예상의 영향력이 브랜드 경험과 측정시점 시간간격에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지를 조사하기 위하여 수행된 두 연구결과를 보고한다. <연구 1>에서 특정 브랜드 유경험 소비자의 경우 예상은 지각된 성과에 정(正, +)의 영향을 미치지만 무경험 소비자의 경우 그 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 또한 유경험 소비자의 경우 예상은 지각된 성과와 예상일치성의 매개에 의해 만족에 영향을 미치지만 무경험 소비자의 경우 예상은 만족에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. <연구 2>는 예상이 지각된 성과, 일치성, 그리고 만족에 미치는 영향이 예상 측정 시점과 지각된 성과, 일치성, 그리고 만족 측정 시점 간의 시간 간격에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지를 조사한 것이다. 이 연구에서 예상이 일치성에 미치는 영향력은 기대대로 시간간격이 긴 경우보다 짧은 경우에 더 크게 나타났다. 예상이 지각된 성과와 만족에 미치는 영향은 시간간격이 긴 경우보다 짧은 경우에 더 크게 나타났지만 그 차이는 통계적으로 유의적이지 않았다. After expectancy-disconfirmation paradigm was developed to explain the process of consumer satisfaction decision, a lot of studies were performed for the relationships of constructs in this paradigm. Among the relationships of those constructs, the influences of expectation(anticipation in this study) did not appear to be consistent in several studies. Two studies were conducted to investigates how brand experiences and measuring time interval moderate the influences of anticipation in the expectancy-disconfirmation paradigm. In the first study, (1) in the case of experienced consumers, anticipation appeared to positively influence perceived performance whereas in the case of unexperienced consumers, anticipation did not; and (2) in the case of experienced consumers, anticipation appeared to influence satisfaction with the mediation of perceived performance and congruency whereas in the case of unexperienced consumers, anticipation did not. The second study was regarding how the influences of anticipation on perceived performance, congruency, and satisfaction vary with the time interval between the time of measuring anticipation(t1) and the time of measuring perceived performance, congruency, and satisfaction(t2). In this study, as expected, anticipation appeared to influence congruency more in the case that the time interval was short than it was long. Although anticipation appeared to influence perceived performance and satisfaction more in the case that the time interval was short than it was long, the difference was not statistically significant.