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Hot CH<sub>4</sub> in the polar regions of Jupiter
Kim, S.J.,Sim, C.K.,Ho, J.,Geballe, T.R.,Yung, Y.L.,Miller, S.,Kim, Y.H. Academic Press 2015 Icarus Vol.257 No.-
We have obtained 3.3-3.4-μm spectro-images of Jupiter including CH<SUB>4</SUB> and H<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> emission lines from both polar regions at the Gemini North telescope. We find that the peak of the 3-μm CH<SUB>4</SUB> northern bright spot is located at ~200<SUP>o</SUP> (SysIII) longitude, ~20<SUP>o</SUP> west of the center of the 8-μm north-polar bright spot, and does not coincide with the 3-μm H<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> bright spot. We derive high temperatures (500-850K) from CH<SUB>4</SUB> rotational lines on the bright spots of both polar regions, above the 1-μbar pressure level, while we find cooler temperatures (<350K) over the 8-μm spot. The intensity ratios of the various 3-μm vibrational bands of CH<SUB>4</SUB> are roughly constant, indicating that the upper states of these bands are mostly populated by non-thermal excitation mechanisms, such as auroral particle precipitation and/or Joule heating, in contrast with the 8-μm thermal emission.
Josefowicz, Steven Z.,Shimada, M.,Armache, A.,Li, Charles H.,Miller, Rand M.,Lin, S.,Yang, A.,Dill, Brian D.,Molina, H.,Park, H.S.,Garcia, Benjamin A.,Taunton, J.,Roeder, Robert G.,Allis, C. Cell Press 2016 Molecular cell Vol.64 No.2
<P>The inflammatory response requires coordinated activation of both transcription factors and chromatin to induce transcription for defense against pathogens and environmental insults. We sought to elucidate the connections between inflammatory signaling pathways and chromatin through genomic footprinting of kinase activity and unbiased identification of prominent histone phosphorylation events. We identified H3 serine 28 phosphorylation (H3S28ph) as the principal stimulation-dependent histone modification and observed its enrichment at induced genes in mouse macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we identified mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinases (MSKs) as primary mediators of H3S28ph in macrophages. Cell-free transcription assays demonstrated that H3S28ph directly promotes p300/CBP-dependent transcription. Further, MSKs can activate both signal-responsive transcription factors and the chromatin template with additive effects on transcription. Specific inhibition of MSKs in macrophages selectively reduced transcription of stimulation-induced genes. Our results suggest that MSKs incorporate upstream signaling inputs and control multiple downstream regulators of inducible transcription.</P>
Meeting Report: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting
Mark Steven Miller,Peter J. Allen,Powel H. Brown,Andrew T. Chan,Margie L. Clapper,Roderick H. Dashwood,Shadmehr Demehri,Mary L. Disis,Raymond N. DuBois,Robert J. Glynn,Thomas W. Kensler,Seema A. Khan 대한암예방학회 2021 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.26 No.1
The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Disease Prevention of the National Institutes of Health co-sponsored the Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting on August 27 to 28, 2020. The goals of this meeting were to foster the exchange of ideas and stimulate new collaborative interactions among leading cancer prevention researchers from basic and clinical research; highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention and chemoprevention as well as new information from clinical trials; and provide information to the extramural research community on the significant resources available from the NCI to promote prevention agent development and rapid translation to clinical trials. The meeting included two plenary talks and five sessions covering the range from pre-clinical studies with chemo/immunopreventive agents to ongoing cancer prevention clinical trials. In addition, two NCI informational sessions describing contract resources for the preclinical agent development and cooperative grants for the Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials Network were also presented.
Structural Changes Associated with Delayed Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Lains, I.,Miller, J.B.,Park, D.H.,Tsikata, E.,Davoudi, S.,Rahmani, S.,Pierce, J.,Silva, R.,Chen, T.C.,Kim, I.K.,Vavvas, D.,Miller, J.W.,Husain, D. Published for the American Academy of Ophthalmolog 2017 Ophthalmology Vol.124 No.9
Purpose: To examine the relationship between dark adaptation (DA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based macular morphology in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Participants: Patients with AMD and a comparison group (>50 years) without any vitreoretinal disease. Methods: All participants were imaged with spectral-domain OCT and color fundus photographs, and then staged for AMD (Age-related Eye Disease Study system). Both eyes were tested with the AdaptDx (MacuLogix, Middletown, PA) DA extended protocol (20 minutes). A software program was developed to map the DA testing spot (2<SUP>o</SUP> circle, 5<SUP>o</SUP> superior to the fovea) to the OCT B-scans. Two independent graders evaluated the B-scans within this testing spot, as well as the entire macula, recording the presence of several AMD-associated abnormalities. Multilevel mixed-effects models (accounting for correlated outcomes between 2 eyes) were used for analyses. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was rod-intercept time (RIT), defined in minutes, as a continuous variable. For subjects unable to reach RIT within the 20 minutes of testing, the value of 20 was assigned. Results: We included 137 eyes (n = 77 subjects), 72.3% (n = 99 eyes) with AMD and the remainder belonging to the comparison group. Multivariable analysis revealed that even after adjusting for age and AMD stage, the presence of any abnormalities within the DA testing spot (sz = 4.8, P < 0.001), as well as any abnormalities in the macula (sz = 2.4, P = 0.047), were significantly associated with delayed RITs and therefore impaired DA. In eyes with no structural changes within the DA testing spot (n = 76, 55.5%), the presence of any abnormalities in the remaining macula was still associated with delayed RITs (sz = 2.00, P = 0.046). Presence of subretinal drusenoid deposits and ellipsoid zone disruption were a consistent predictor of RIT, whether located within the DA testing spot (P = 0.001 for both) or anywhere in the macula (P < 0.001 for both). Within the testing spot, the presence of classic drusen or serous pigment epithelium detachment was also significantly associated with impairments in DA (P @? 0.018). Conclusions: Our results suggest a significant association between macular morphology evaluated by OCT and time to dark-adapt. Subretinal drusenoid deposits and ellipsoid zone changes seem to be strongly associated with impaired dark adaptation.
Towards a revised base wind speed map for the United Kingdom
Miller, Craig A.,Cook, Nicholas J.,Barnard, Richard H. Techno-Press 2001 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.4 No.3
Observations of extreme wind speeds in the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1980, corrected for the influence of upwind ground roughness and topography, have been analysed using the recently-developed "Improved Method of Independent Storms" (IMIS). The results have been used to compile two new maps of base wind speed and to confirm the climatic factors in current use. One map is 'irrespective' of wind direction and the other is 'equally weighted' by direction. The 'equally weighted' map is expected to be more consistently reliable and appropriate for use with the climatic factors for the design of buildings and structures.
A Hill-Sliding Strategy for Initialization of Gaussian Clusters in the Multidimensional Space
J. Kyoungyoon Park,Yung H. Chen,Daryl B. Simons,Lee D. Miller 大韓遠隔探査學會 1985 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.1 No.1
A hill-sliding technique was devised to extract Gaussian clusters from the multivariate probability density estimates of sample data for the first step of iterative unsupervised classification. The underlying assumption in this approach was that each cluster possessed a unimodal normal distribution. The key idea was that a clustering function proposed could distinguish elements of a cluster under formation from the rest in the feature space. Initial clusters were extracted one by one according to the hill-sliding tactics. A dimensionless cluster compactness parameter was proposed as a universal measure of cluster goodness and used satisfactorily in test runs with Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data. The normalized divergence, defined by the cluster divergence divided by the entropy of the entire sample data, was utilized as a general separability measure between clusters. An overall clustering objective function was set forth in terms of cluster covariance matrices, from which the cluster compactness measure could be deduced. Minimal improvement of initial data partitioning was evaluated by this objective function in eliminating scattered sparse data points. The hill-sliding clustering technique developed herein has the potential applicability to decomposition of any multivariate mixture distribution into a number of unimodal distributions when an appropriate distribution function to the data set is employed.
Kim, J.,Lee, B.C.,Uhm, Y.R.,Miller, W.H. North Holland Pub. Co 2014 JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Vol.453 No.1
Nano-sized boron carbide (B<SUB>4</SUB>C) and boron nitride (BN) powder were prepared using ball milling. Micro- and milled nano-powders were melt blended with high density polyethylene (HDPE) using a polymer mixer followed by hot pressing to fabricate sheet composites. The tensile and flexural strengths of HDPE nanocomposites were ~20% higher than their micro counterparts, while those for latter decreased compared to neat HDPE. Thermal neutrons attenuation of the prepared HDPE nanocomposites was evaluated using a monochromatic ~0.025eV neutron beam. Thermal neutron attenuation of the HDPE nanocomposites was greatly enhanced compared to their micro counterparts at the same B-10 areal densities. Monte Carlo n-Particles (MCNP) simulations based on the lattice structure modeling also shows the similar filler size dependent thermal neutron absorption.