DYNAMICS OF PAKISTAN'S POST 9/11 CRISIS FOREIGN POLICY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

Hussain, Mehmood Korea Institute of Politics and Society 2018 한국과 국제사회 Vol.2 No.2

이 연구는 파키스탄에서 9/11 테러 이후 외교정책 결정 과정을 추적하기 위해 4단계 "위기에서의 국가 행동 모델"을 적용했다. 그것은 알카에다의 미국에 대한 불길한 공격과 테러에 맞서 싸우기 위한 부시 대통령의 후속 선언이 t1 단계의 세계와 지역의 정치 안보 차원을 변화시켰다고 주장한다. 이웃 국가인 파키스탄의 지원은 테러와의 전쟁에서 불가피했고, 미국은 이슬람 바드의 협력을 얻기 위해 강압적인 외교를 취했다. 결과적으로, 미국의 요구를 수용하지 않을 경우 파키스탄은 국가의 기본 가치/목표에 대한 위협을 인식하고 동시에 시간 압박은 t2 단계에서 의사결정자들의 심리적 스트레스를 증폭시켰다. 따라서 의사결정 포럼은 t3 단계에서 시작되었고 파키스탄은 외교 정책 위기를 완화시킨 t4 단계로 미국에 합류하기로 결정했다. The study has applied the four stage "Model of State Behavior in Crisis" to trace the post 9/11 crisis foreign policy decision making process in Pakistan. It argues that ominous attacks on the United States by al-Qaeda and subsequent declaration of President Bush to fight against terrorism transformed the global and regional politico-security dimensions at t1 stage. Being a neighboring country, Pakistan's support was inevitable in the war on terror and Washington applied coercive diplomacy to win the cooperation from Islamabad. Consequently, in case of decline to accept American demands, Pakistan perceived threat to basic values/objectives of the country and simultaneous time pressure amplified the psychological stress in decision makers at t2 stage. Therefore, the decisional forum was setup at t3 stage and Pakistan decided to join the United States at t4 stage, which defused the foreign policy crisis.

DYNAMICS OF PAKISTAN’S POST 9/11 CRISIS FOREIGN POLICY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

Mehmood Hussain 한국정치사회연구소 2018 한국과 국제사회 Vol.2 No.2

이 연구는 파키스탄에서 9/11 테러 이후 외교정책 결정 과정을 추적하기 위해 4단계 위기에서의 국가 행동 모델 을 적용했다. 그것은 알카에다의 미국에 대한 불길한 공격과 테러에 맞서 싸우기 위한 부시대통령의 후속 선언이 t1 단계의 세계와 지역의 정치 안보 차원을 변화시켰다고 주장한다. 이웃 국가인 파키스탄의 지원은 테러와의 전쟁에서 불가피했고, 미국은 이슬람 바드의 협력을 얻기 위해 강압적인 외교를 취했다. 결과적으로, 미국의 요구를 수용하지 않을 경우 파키스탄은 국가의 기본 가치/목표에 대한 위협을 인식하고 동시에 시간 압박은 t2 단계에서 의사결정자들의 심리적 스트레스를 증폭시켰다. 따라서 의사결정 포럼은 t3 단계에서 시작되었고 파키스탄은 외교 정책 위기를 완화시킨 t4 단계로 미국에 합류하기로 결정했다. The study has applied the four stage Model of State Behavior in Crisis to trace the post 9/11 crisis foreign policy decision making process in Pakistan. It argues that ominous attacks on the United States by al-Qaeda and subsequent declaration of President Bush to fight against terrorism transformed the global and regional politico-security dimensions at t1 stage. Being a neighboring country, Pakistan’s support was inevitable in the war on terror and Washington applied coercive diplomacy to win the cooperation from Islamabad. Consequently, in case of decline to accept American demands, Pakistan perceived threat to basic values/objectives of the country and simultaneous time pressure amplified the psychological stress in decision makers at t2 stage. Therefore, the decisional forum was setup at t3 stage and Pakistan decided to join the United States at t4 stage, which defused the foreign policy crisis.

IAA and flavonoids modulates the association between maize roots and phytostimulant endophytic <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> greenish

Mehmood, Asif,Hussain, Anwar,Irshad, Muhammad,Khan, Naeem,Hamayun, Muhammad,Ismail,,Afridi, Sahib Gul,Lee, In-Jung Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Journal of plant interactions Vol.13 No.1

Some Biochemical Abnormalities Caused by Cypermethrin in adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.)

ASHFAQ, Muhammad,shahid Mehmood KHALID,Waseem AKRAM,Riaz HUSSAIN,이종진 한국곤충학회 2004 Entomological Research Vol.34 No.1

Biochemical effects of sub lethal doses LC10 and LC20 of cypermethrin were studiedon some enzymes and macromolecule activities of adult beetles of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.).Cypermethrin caused disturbances in levels of all biochemical components under study. The doseof 0.78 ppm caused abnormalities in α-amylase and FAA by increasing their activities i.e.,45.45% and 21.97% significantly. The higher sub lethal dose of 2.62 ppm disturbed all theparameters (AcP, α-amylase, soluble protein and FAA) except AkP, which was decreased by93.06%. Moreover, sub lethal doses either increased or decreased the levels of all parameters nonsignificantlyexcept AkP and FAA which were effected significantly by 87.92% and 14.29% atlower and higher doses, respectively. In the present studies, cypermethrin significantly enhancedthe activity of AkP in both susceptible and resistant strains of T. castaneum adult beetles whileFAA contents were increased significantly in resistant strain only. The activity of α-amylase wassignificantly lowered in susceptible strain only.

Some Biochemical Abnormalities Caused by Cypermethrin in adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.)

Muhammad Ashfaq,Khalid Shahid Mehmood,Akram Waseem,Hussain Riaz,Lee Jong-Jin 한국응용곤충학회 2003 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.1

Progress in TOPCon solar cell technology: Investigating hafnium oxide through simulation

Rahman Rafi Ur,Khokhar Muhammad Quddamah,Hussain Shahzada Qamar,Mehmood Haris,Yousuf Hasnain,Jony Jaljalalul Abedin,Park Sangheon,Yi Junsin 한국물리학회 2024 Current Applied Physics Vol.63 No.-

In the realm of solar energy technology, exploring hafnium oxide (HfO2) in Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) solar cells is pivotal. This study delineates HfO2's evolution from semiconductor applications, highlighting its crucial role in enhancing TOPCon solar cell performance. Utilizing ATLAS Silvaco software, the study anticipates a 21.3% increase in charge carrier lifetime through optimized HfO2 layers, addressing challenges in interface engineering and scalability. Innovative research integrates hafnium oxide (HfO2) into TOPCon solar cells, marking a leap in photovoltaic technology. Utilizing ATLAS Silvaco simulations, it shows that HfO2 layers can significantly enhance cell performance, increasing charge carrier lifetime by 21.3% and potentially boosting efficiency by 25%. This underscores HfO2's advantages, like a higher dielectric constant and thermal stability, in improving solar cell efficiency and durability. Future efforts target refining deposition processes, projecting a 25% boost in overall power conversion efficiency (PCE). Emphasizing HfO2's significance in solar cell technology, this research contributes to global sustainable energy initiatives. Integrating HfO2 in TOPCon solar cells signifies a key achievement in harnessing clean, renewable energy. Upcoming research focuses on experimental validation, interface engineering, optimization, stability assessments, scalability, and collaborative studies, aiming to leverage HfO2's potential for elevating solar energy conversion technologies.

Bending behavior of microfilaments in living cell with nonlocal effects

Muhammad Safeer,Muhammad Taj,Mohamed A. Khadimallah,Muzamal Hussain,Saima Akram,Faisal Mehmood Butt,Abdelouahed Tounsi Techno-Press 2023 Advances in nano research Vol.15 No.1

Dynamics of protein filamentous has been an active area of research since the last few decades as the role of cytoskeletal components, microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments is very important in cell functions. During cell functions, these components undergo the deformations like bending, buckling and vibrations. In the present paper, bending and buckling of microfilaments are studied by using Euler Bernoulli beam theory with nonlocal parametric effects in conjunction. The obtained results show that the nonlocal parametric effects are not ignorable and the applications of nonlocal parameters well agree with the experimental verifications.

Lubrication phenomenon in the stagnation point flow of Walters-B nanofluid

Muhammad Taj,Manzoor Ahmad,Mohamed A. Khadimallah,Saima Akram,Muzamal Hussain,Madeeha Tahir,Faisal Mehmood Butt,Abdelouahed Tounsi Techno-Press 2023 Advances in concrete construction Vol.15 No.5

The present study investigates the effects of Cattaneo-Christov thermal effects of stagnation point in Walters-B nanofluid flow through lubrication of power-law fluid by taking the slip at the interfacial condition. For the solution, the governing partial differential equation is transformed into a series of non-linear ordinary differential equations. With the help of hybrid homotopy analysis method; that consists of both the homotopy analysis and shooting method these equations can be solved. The influence of different involved constraints on quantities of interest are sketched and discussed. The viscoelastic parameter, slip parameters on velocity component and temperature are analyzed. The velocity varies by increase in viscoelastic parameter in the presence of slip parameter. The slip on the surface has major effect and mask the effect of stagnation point for whole slip condition and throughout the surface velocity remained same. Matched the present solution with previously published data and observed good agreement. It can be seen that the slip effects dominates the effects of free stream and for the large values of viscoelastic parameter the temperature as well as the concentration profile both decreases.

The Role of Training and Absorptive Capacity in Mediating Human Capital Dimensions and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

Sana Arz BHUTTO,Yasir JAMAL,Asim RAFIQ,Kashif MEHMOOD,Munir HUSSAIN,Amjad ALI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12

This study aims to examine the role of training and absorptive capacity as a mediator to examine the impact of human capital dimensions on the performance of an organization. This study employs the quantitative approach for analysis. A sample of 208 respondents was collected from the textile factories based in Karachi and Faisalabad. Data was analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique. PLS-SEM algorithm was used to check the validity and reliability of the data. PLS-SEM bootstrapping was used for studying the impact. The results show that the skills have an insignificant impact on organizational performance. Education and skills have an insignificant indirect impact on the performance of an organization. The research findings show that the human capital dimensions are full and partially mediated via absorptive capacity and training. The findings revealed that if we implement one by one dimension of human capital then it will not cause any increase in the organization’s performance but if we implement all dimensions then it results in optimal performance. Thus, this study suggests adopting effective training techniques and creating absorptive capacity in an organization to increase the performance of an organization. The findings of this study significantly contribute to the existing body of knowledge.