THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF DOWNSIZING : PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND OUTCOMES

William McKinley(William McKinley) 한국전략경영학회 1998 한국전략경영학회 학술대회발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

Organizational downsizing is becoming pervasive in the United States and other post-industrial societies of the 1990s, including South Korea. To better understand this phenomenon, this presentation compares three theoretical perspectives on downsizing -- the economic perspective, the institutional perspective, and the sociocognitive perspective. The perspectives serve as the foundation for a brief review of the empirical literature on downsizing. The sociocognitive perspective, which has received the least theoretical and empirical attention, is then used to explore the psychological foundations of institutionalized downsizing. The sociocognitive model argues that downsizing into an external inevitability. The assumption underlying the sociocognitive model is that cognitive order and reduction of complexity are as important an incentive for convergence on a managerial practice as the financial performance of the practice. These theoretical arguments provide a basis for understanding the role of the International Monetary Fund in Korean restructuring. The conclusion is that the JMF, perhaps unintentionally, is playing an important part in the institutionalization of downsizing in Korean society.

Kinematics of filament stretching in dilute and concentrated polymer solutions

McKinley, Gareth H.,Brauner, Octavia,Yao, Minwu The Korean Society of Rheology 2001 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.13 No.1

The development of filament stretching extensional rheometers over the past decade has enabled the systematic measurement of the transient extensional stress growth in dilute and semi-dilute polymer solutions. The strain-hardening in the extensional viscosity of dilute solutions overwhelms the perturbative effects of capillarity, inertia & gravity and the kinematics of the extensional deformation become increasingly homogeneous at large strains. This permits the development of a robust open-loop control algorithm for rapidly realizing a deformation with constant stretch history that is desired for extensional rheometry. For entangled fluids such as concentrated solutions and melts the situation is less well defined since the material functions are governed by the molecular weight between entanglements, and the fluids therefore show much less pronounced strain-hardening in transient elongation. We use experiments with semi-dilute/entangled and concentrated/entangled monodisperse polystyrene solutions coupled with time-dependent numerical computations using nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations such as the Giesekus model in order to show that an open-loop control strategy is still viable for such fluids. Multiple iterations using a successive substitution may be necessary, however, in order to obtain the true transient extensional viscosity material function. At large strains and high extension rates the extension of fluid filaments in both dilute and concentrated polymer solutions is limited by the onset of purely elastic instabilities which result in necking or peeling of the elongating column. The mode of instability is demonstrated to be a sensitive function of the magnitude of the strain-hardening in the fluid sample. In entangled solutions of linear polymers the observed transition from necking instability to peeling instability observed at high strain rates (of order of the reciprocal of the Rouse time for the fluid) is directly connected to the cross-over from a reptative mechanism of tube orientation to one of chain extension.

A Western Researcher in a Japanese University Writing Classroom : Limited or Advantaged? Cultural Sensitivity and the Debate on Japanese Students' Critical Thinking

Jim McKinley 아시아영어교육학회 2005 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.2 No.3

Identity Construction in Learning English Academic Writing in a Japanese University

Jim McKinley 아시아영어교육학회 2017 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.14 No.2

The construction of writer identity in English L2 academic writing is not usually explicitly addressed in such writing classrooms, yet it plays a significant role for English L2 students learning to write in academic genres. This study investigates the influences on the construction of writer identity by Japanese university students in Japan learning English academic writing, with consideration given to what selves they exhibit in their writing, and how much those selves were shaped by their learning experiences in a required writing course. A total of sixteen students and their four teachers participated in the yearlong study, involving an analysis of students’ written texts, supported by monthly student and teacher interviews and classroom observations. The text analysis was done using Clark and Ivanič’s (1997) possibilities of selfhood as the main framework, operationalizing Martin’s (2000) Appraisal framework for identifying the different selves. Findings showed that the strongest influences on identity construction were from instructors’ expectations, while personal beliefs also contributed. The findings also showed that students were more likely to meet writing task expectations where instructors had more reasonable requirements in terms of voice.

Learning English Writing in a Japanese University : Developing Critical Argument and Establishing Writer Identity

Jim McKinley 아시아영어교육학회 2006 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.3 No.2

Impact of Universal Suicide Risk Screening in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Discrete Event Simulation Approach

Kenneth W. McKinley,Kelly N. Z. Rickard,Finza Latif,Theresa Wavra,Julie Berg,Sephora Morrison,James M. Chamberlain,Shilpa J. Patel 대한의료정보학회 2022 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to use discrete event simulation (DES) to model the impact of two universal suiciderisk screening scenarios (emergency department [ED] and hospital-wide) on mean length of stay (LOS), wait times, andoverflow of our secure patient care unit for patients being evaluated for a behavioral health complaint (BHC) in the ED of alarge, academic children’s hospital. Methods: We developed a conceptual model of BHC patient flow through the ED, incorporatinganticipated system changes with both universal suicide risk screening scenarios. Retrospective site-specific patienttracking data from 2017 were used to generate model parameters and validate model output metrics with a random 50/50split for derivation and validation data. Results: The model predicted small increases (less than 1 hour) in LOS and waittimes for our BHC patients in both universal screening scenarios. However, the days per year in which the ED experiencedsecure unit overflow increased (existing system: 52.9 days; 95% CI, 51.5–54.3 days; ED: 94.4 days; 95% CI, 92.6–96.2 days;and hospital-wide: 276.9 days; 95% CI, 274.8–279.0 days). Conclusions: The DES model predicted that implementation of eitheruniversal suicide risk screening scenario would not severely impact LOS or wait times for BHC patients in our ED. However,universal screening would greatly stress our existing ED capacity to care for BHC patients in secure, dedicated patientareas by creating more overflow.

Food Irradiation: Past, Present and Future

R. C. McKinley 한국식품위생안전성학회 1994 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Packing density and filling effect of limestone fines

Kwan, A.K.H.,McKinley, M. Techno-Press 2014 Advances in concrete construction Vol.2 No.3

The use of limestone fines (LF) in mortar and concrete can in certain ways improve performance and thus has become more and more commonplace. However, although LF is generally regarded as a filler, it is up to now not clear how much filling effect it could have and how best the filling effect could be utilized. Herein, the packing density and filling effect of LF were studied by measuring the packing densities of LF, (LF + cement) blends and (LF + cement + fine aggregate) blends under dry and wet conditions, and measuring the performance of mortars made with various amounts of LF added. It was found that the addition of LF would not significantly increase the packing density of (LF + cement) blends but would fill into the paste to increase the paste volume and paste film thickness, and improve the flow spread and strength of mortar.

The Effects of Water Deprivation on Cerebrospinal Fluid Constituents During Feeding in Sheep

Sunagawa, Katsunori,Weisinger, Richard S.,McKinley, Michael J.,Purcell, Brett S.,Thomson, Craig,Burns, Peta L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.4

The internal humoral factors in the central regulation of dry feed intake during water deprivation in sheep were investigated by measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) constituents. Five animals were fed dried alfalfa chaff for 2 hours once a day. Sheep in the water deprivation treatment were deprived of water for 28 hours, while the sheep in the control treatment were given free access to water. During the first hour of the 2 hour feeding period, a rapid reduction in blood volume occured in both treatments (water deprivation and free access to water). The CSF concentrations of Na, Cl and osmolality during the second hour of the 2 hour feeding period in both treatments were greater (p<0.01) than those during the first hour. The drinking behaviors in sheep were concentrated during the second hour of the 2 hour feeding period in periods of free access to water. Water intake during feeding in periods of free access to water was 1110 ml/2 h. The levels of increase in CSF osmolality with feeding during water deprivation were greater (p<0.01) than during periods of free access to water. The changes in CSF osmolality with feeding during water deprivation produced more vigorous thirst sensations in the brain compared to during periods of free access to water. The eating rates for the first hour of the allotted 2 hour feeding period were the same under both treatments. However, the eating rates for the second hour during water deprivation periods decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to those during periods of free access to water. The decreased eating rates for the second hour during water deprivation may be due to the vigorous thirst sensations produced in the brain. The results suggest that the increase in CSF osmolality with feeding during water deprivation acts as a thirst and satiety factor in brain mechanisms controlling feeding to decrease dry feed intake in water-deprived sheep.

The Role of Neuropeptide Y in the Central Regulation of Grass Intake in Sheep

Sunagawa, K.,Weisiger, R.S.,McKinley, M.J.,Purcell, B.S.,Thomson, C.,Burns, P.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.1

The physiological role of brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the central regulation of grass intake in sheep was investigated through a continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of NPY at a dose of $5{\mu}g/0.2ml/hr$ for 98.5 hours from day 1 to day 5. Sheep (n=5) were fed for 2 hours once a day, and water and 0.5 M NaCl solution were given ad libitum. Feed intake during ICV NPY infusion increased significantly compared to that during ICV artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion. Water and NaCl intake during ICV NPY infusion remained unchanged. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and plasma osmolality during ICV NPY infusion were not significantly different from those during ICV CSF infusion. On the other hand, plasma glucose concentration during ICV NPY infusion increased significantly compared to that during ICV CSF infusion. The results suggest that brain NPY acts as a hunger factor in brain mechanisms controlling feeding to increase grass intake in sheep.