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Matthew Todd Bradley 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2007 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.14 No.2
Newly independent nation-states grapple with governance, in the midst of globalization and “democratic waves.” The post-colonial political mavericks can manipulate the institutions in the fragile states to the extent that the choices may be antithetical to democratic consolidation. Thus, institutional choices will be one of the factors which will determine democratic maturation. This paper seeks to examine any patterns of institutional choices or generalities by political elites in Africa and the Middle East, coupled with the realities of globalization. Secondly, this paper will illustrate which institutional choices in general are perhaps more feasible for democratic consolidation in fragile states.
Matthew Bradley 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2022 보건의료교육평가 Vol.19 No.-
Purpose Simulation training is an ever-growing means of healthcare education and often involves simulated participants (SPs), commonly known as actors. Simulation-based education (SBE) can sometimes endanger SPs, and as such we have created a safety checklist for them to follow. This study describes how we developed the checklist through a quality improvement project, and then evaluated feedback responses to assess whether SPs felt our checklist was safe. Methods The checklist was provided to SPs working in an acute trust simulation service when delivering multidisciplinary SBE over 4 months. Using multiple plan–do–study–act cycles, the checklist was refined by reflecting on SP feedback to ensure that the standards of the safe simulation were met. We collected 21 responses from September to December 2021 after SPs completed an SBE event. Results The responses showed that 100% of SPs felt safe during SBE when using our checklist. The average “confidence in safety” rating before using the checklist was 6.8/10, which increased significantly to 9.2/10 after using the checklist (P<0.0005). The checklist was refined throughout the 4 months and implemented in adult and pediatric SBE as a standard operating procedure. Conclusion We recommend using our safety checklist as a standard operating procedure to improve the confidence and safety of SPs during safe and effective simulations.
Crisp, Ryan W.,Pach, Gregory F.,Kurley, J. Matthew,France, Ryan M.,Reese, Matthew O.,Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.,MacLeod, Bradley A.,Talapin, Dmitri V.,Beard, Matthew C.,Luther, Joseph M. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.2
<P>We developed a monolithic CdTe–PbS tandem solar cell architecture in which both the CdTe and PbS absorber layers are solution-processed from nanocrystal inks. Due to their tunable nature, PbS quantum dots (QDs), with a controllable band gap between 0.4 and ∼1.6 eV, are a promising candidate for a bottom absorber layer in tandem photovoltaics. In the detailed balance limit, the ideal configuration of a CdTe (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 1.5 eV)–PbS tandem structure assumes infinite thickness of the absorber layers and requires the PbS band gap to be 0.75 eV to theoretically achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 45%. However, modeling shows that by allowing the thickness of the CdTe layer to vary, a tandem with efficiency over 40% is achievable using bottom cell band gaps ranging from 0.68 and 1.16 eV. In a first step toward developing this technology, we explore CdTe–PbS tandem devices by developing a ZnTe–ZnO tunnel junction, which appropriately combines the two subcells in series. We examine the basic characteristics of the solar cells as a function of layer thickness and bottom-cell band gap and demonstrate open-circuit voltages in excess of 1.1 V with matched short circuit current density of 10 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> in prototype devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2017/nalefd.2017.17.issue-2/acs.nanolett.6b04423/production/images/medium/nl-2016-04423k_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl6b04423'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Matthew H. Anstey,Rashmi Rauniyar,Ethan Fitzclarence,Natalie Tran,Emma Osnain,Bianca Mammana,Angela Jacques,Robert N Palmer,Andrew Chapman,Bradley Wibrow 대한중환자의학회 2022 Acute and Critical Care Vol.37 No.3
Background:To explore the feasibility, safety, and potential benefits of administration of the anabolic steroid nandrolone to patients in the recovery phase from critical illness weakness.Methods: In this phase II, double blind, randomized, controlled trial, adult critically ill patients admitted to one of two tertiary Intensive Care Units in Western Australia for longer than 7 days with significant weakness were enrolled. Patients received nandrolone (200 mg males, 100 mg females) intramuscularly or placebo weekly for up to 3 weeks in addition to standard care. The primary outcome measures were improvement in grip strength, Medical Research Council muscle strength sum score, and functional activity level (Chelsea critical care assessment tool [CPAx]).Results: A total of 22 patients was enrolled between September 2017 and May 2019. No significant adverse events were detected. Median grip strength change was non-significantly greater in the nandrolone group (8.5 vs. 13.0, P=0.185), while hospital length of stay (36 vs. 26 days, P=0.023) and duration of mechanical ventilation (377 vs. 168, P=0.032) were lower. The discharge CPAx and intensive care unit mobility scores were higher in the nandrolone group, although there was no difference in the change in CPAx score (17.0 vs. 17.7, P=0.865). There were no changes in ultrasound-detected muscle thickness between the two groups.Conclusions: In patients with prolonged critical illness, nandrolone appears to be safe. However, a larger study, potentially combined with resistance exercise, is needed to definitively address the potential benefits of nandrolone.
Preoperative Embolization of Extra-axial Hypervascular Tumors with Onyx
Matthew R. Fusco,Bradley A. Gross,Mohamed M. Salem,Arra S. Reddy,Christopher S. Ogilvy,Ekkehard M. Kasper,Ajith J. Thomas 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2016 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.18 No.1
Objective:Preoperative endovascular embolization of intracranial tumors is performed to mitigate anticipated intraoperative blood loss. Although the usage of a wide array of embolic agents, particularly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), has been described for a variety of tumors, literature detailing the efficacy, safety and complication rates for the usage of Onyx is relatively sparse. Materials and Methods:We reviewed our single institutional experience with pre-surgical Onyx embolization of extra-axial tumors to evaluate its efficacy and safety and highlight nuances of individualized cases. Results:Five patients underwent pre-surgical Onyx embolization of large or giant extra-axial tumors within 24 hours of surgical resection. Four patients harbored falcine or convexity meningiomas (grade I in 2 patients, grade II in 1 patient and grade III in one patient), and one patient had a grade II hemangiopericytoma. Embolization proceeded uneventfully in all cases and there were no complications. Conclusion:This series augments the expanding literature confirming the safety and efficacy of Onyx in the preoperative embolization of extra-axial tumors, underscoring its advantage of being able to attain extensive devascularization via only one supplying pedicle.
Middle Meningeal Artery Arising from the Basilar Artery
Mohamed M. Salem,Matthew R. Fusco,Parviz Dolati,Arra S. Reddy,Bradley A. Gross,Christopher S. Ogilvy,Ajith J. Thomas 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2014 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.16 No.4
Various anomalies for the origin of the middle meningeal artery (MMA)have been described in the literature. However, origin of the MMA fromthe basilar trunk is an extremely rare variant. We report on a 54-year-oldfemale who presented with frequent headaches; magnetic resonanceimaging showed a right parietal meningioma. The abnormal origin of themiddle meningeal artery from the basilar artery was diagnosed by angiographyperformed for preoperative embolization of the tumor. We reporton the case with a review of the embryologic basis, possible explanationsfor this aberrant origin, and its clinical implications.
Nancy Y. Greenland,Matthew R. Cooperberg,Anthony C. Wong,Emily Chan,Peter R. Carroll,Jeffry P. Simko,Bradley A. Stohr 대한비뇨의학회 2022 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.63 No.1
Purpose: Among Gleason pattern 4 types, cribriform pattern is associated with the worst outcomes. We hypothesized that larger cribriform patterns would be associated with increased Decipher scores and higher biochemical recurrence (BCR) risk in Gleason 3+4=7 prostatectomy patients. Materials and Methods: The slide from patients who underwent prostatectomy from January 2016 to March 2020 on which Decipher was performed was re-reviewed for Gleason score and cribriform patterns, with large cribriform defined as cribriform acini with greater than 12 lumens and simple cribriform as 12 or fewer lumens. Differences in Decipher score were analyzed in a generalized linear model controlling for pathology stage and tumor margin status. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was performed for BCR-free survival. Results: Of 337 cases, 118 were Gleason 3+4=7. The mean Decipher scores in 3+4=7 cases without cribriform, with simple cribriform, and with large cribriform were 0.41, 0.54, and 0.62, respectively. In a multivariable model with pathology stage, margin tumor length, and percentage pattern 4 as covariates, compared to cases without cribriform, simple cribriform was associated with 0.10 increase in Decipher (p=0.03) and 4.7-fold hazard ratio of BCR (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–56.5; p=0.22) and large cribriform was associated with 0.17 increase in Decipher (p<0.001) and 16.0-fold hazard ratio of BCR (95% CI, 1.4–181.2; p=0.02). Conclusions: Among Gleason 3+4=7 carcinomas, large cribriform was associated with higher Decipher scores and greater BCR risk. Our results support that large cribriform is an aggressive pattern 4 subtype and should be considered a contraindication for active surveillance.
Madeleine Nina Jones,Weranja Ranasinghe,Richard Cetti,Bradley Newell,Kevin Chu,Matthew Harper,John Kourambas,Philip McCahy 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.4
Purpose: The traditional prone positioning of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is associated with various anesthetic and logistic difficulties. We aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of PCNLs performed using our modified supine position with those performed in the standard prone position. Materials and Methods: A prospective group of 236 renal units (224 patients) undergoing PCNL were included in this 2 site study: 160 were performed in the modified supine position were compared with 76 undergoing PCNL in the prone position. The outcomes of radiation dose, radiation time, stone free rate, body mass index (BMI), stone size, operative time, length of stay (LOS), in hospital and complications were compared. Chi-square and t-tests were used. Results: There were no significant differences in mean radiation time, radiation dose or stone size between the modified supine and prone groups. The supine group had a higher mean BMI (31 kg/m2 vs. 28 kg/m2, p=0.03), shorter mean surgical time (93 minutes vs. 123 minutes, p<0.001), shorter mean LOS (2 days vs. 3 days, p=0.005) and higher stone free rate (70% vs. 50%, p=0.005). There were no differences in septic or bleeding complications but the prone group had a higher rate of overall complications. Conclusions: Modified supine PCNL has significantly lower operative time, shorter LOS and higher stone-free rate compared with prone in our series, while remaining a safe procedure.