Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel pellet as a rumen enhancer in Holstein crossbred bulls

Matra Maharach,Totakul Pajaree,Viennasay Bounnaxay,Phesatcha Burarat,Wanapat Metha 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) as a rumen enhancer of dry matter consumption, nutrient digestibilities, ruminal ecology, microbial protein synthesis and rumimal methane production in Holstein crossbred bulls. Methods: Four animals, with an average live-weight of 200±20 kg were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the influence of DFPP supplementation. There were four different dietary treatments: without DFPP, and with 200, 300, and 400 g/h/d, respectively. Results: Results revealed that dry matter consumption of total intake, rice straw and concentrate were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). It was also found that ruminal pH was not different among treatments (p>0.05), whilst protozoal group was reduced when DFPP increased (p<0.01). Blood urea nitrogen and NH3-N concentrations were increased at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.01). Additionally, volatile fatty acid production of propionate was significantly enhanced by the DFPP supplementation (p<0.05), while production of methane was consequently decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, microbial protein synthesis and urinary purine derivatives were remarkably increased especially at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plant secondary compounds or phytonutrients (PTN) containing saponins (SP) and condensed tannins (CT) have been reported to influence rumen fermentation. DFPP contains both CT and SP as a PTN. The addition of 400 g of DFPP resulted in improved rumen fermentation end-products especially propionate (C3) and microbial protein synthesis. Therefore, DFPP is a promising rumen enhancer and indicated a significant potential of DFPP as feedstuff for ruminant feed to mitigate rumen methane production. Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) as a rumen enhancer of dry matter consumption, nutrient digestibilities, ruminal ecology, microbial protein synthesis and rumimal methane production in Holstein crossbred bulls.Methods: Four animals, with an average live-weight of 200±20 kg were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the influence of DFPP supplementation. There were four different dietary treatments: without DFPP, and with 200, 300, and 400 g/h/d, respectively.Results: Results revealed that dry matter consumption of total intake, rice straw and concentrate were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). It was also found that ruminal pH was not different among treatments (p>0.05), whilst protozoal group was reduced when DFPP increased (p<0.01). Blood urea nitrogen and NH₃-N concentrations were increased at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.01). Additionally, volatile fatty acid production of propionate was significantly enhanced by the DFPP supplementation (p<0.05), while production of methane was consequently decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, microbial protein synthesis and urinary purine derivatives were remarkably increased especially at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.05).Conclusion: Plant secondary compounds or phytonutrients (PTN) containing saponins (SP) and condensed tannins (CT) have been reported to influence rumen fermentation. DFPP contains both CT and SP as a PTN. The addition of 400 g of DFPP resulted in improved rumen fermentation end-products especially propionate (C3) and microbial protein synthesis. Therefore, DFPP is a promising rumen enhancer and indicated a significant potential of DFPP as feedstuff for ruminant feed to mitigate rumen methane production.

Microencapsulation of Mitragyna leaf extracts to be used as a bioactive compound source to enhance in vitro fermentation characteristics and microbial dynamics

Maharach Matra,Srisan Phupaboon,Pajaree Totakul,Ronnachai Prommachart,Assar Ali Shah,Ali Mujtaba Shah,Metha Wanapat Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.1

Objective: Mitragyna speciosa Korth is traditionally used in Thailand. They have a high level of antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds, the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and decrease methane production. The aim of the study was to investigate the different levels of microencapsulated-Mitragyna leaves extracts (MMLE) supplementation on nutrient degradability, rumen ecology, microbial dynamics, and methane production in an in vitro study. Methods: A completely randomized design was used to assign the experimental treatments, MMLE was supplemented at 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. Results: The addition of MMLE significantly increased in vitro dry matter degradability both at 12, 24, and 48 h, while ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration was improved with MMLE supplementation. The MMLE had the greatest propionate and total volatile fatty acid production when added with 6% of total DM substrate, while decreased the methane production (12, 24, and 48 h). Furthermore, the microbial population of cellulolytic bacteria and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were increased, whilst Methanobacteriales was decreased with MMLE feeding. Conclusion: The results indicated that MMLE could be a potential alternative plant-based bioactive compound supplement to be used as ruminant feed additives.

Optimized Isotropy in Left-Handed Metamaterials

K. Matra,N. Wongkasem 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

Left-handed metamaterials designed using Cn group with optimized isotropy are proposed. The structures provide 2n and 6n excitation directions where the identical response is generated for two and three dimensional models. Circuit analysis is used to design the negative index of refraction, later verified by the effective material parameters. The result shows the negative index passband with low losses.

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf pellet can manipulate rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability

Totakul, Pajaree,Matra, Maharach,Sommai, Sukruthai,Wanapat, Metha Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.10

Objective: Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf has been found to be an important source of protein, vitamins, minerals, as well as phytonutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Chaya leaf pellet (CHYP) with various level of crude protein (CP) in the concentrate on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability in in vitro gas production technique. Methods: In an in vitro rumen fermentation study the dietary treatments were arranged according to a 3×5 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, consisting of Factor A: three levels of CP of concentrate mixtures (14%, 16%, and 18% CP, respectively) and Factor B: five levels of CHYP supplementation (at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of dry matter substrates). Results: The gas production kinetics, fraction (a) and fraction (b) were lower (p<0.05) with an increasing CHYP addition. Additionally, the fraction (a+b) was found to yield a significant interaction (p<0.05) while the fraction (c) was not impacted by CHYP addition. However, in vitro DM degradability was enhanced and interactive (p<0.05), using 16% CP of concentrate with 6% and 8% CHYP, when compared with 18% CP in the non-addition. Additionally, the treatment with higher CP of the concentrate was higher in NH₃-N concentration (p<0.001) and by CHYP supplementation group (p<0.05). Nevertheless, protozoal counts in the rumen were remarkably decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of CHYP supplementation. Furthermore, rumen C₂ concentration was lower (p<0.05) in the treatments with CHYP supplementation, while C₃ was significantly increased and interactive (p<0.05) between levels of CP and CHYP supplementation especially at 8% CHYP supplementation. Conclusion: Based on this study, the results revealed CHYP as a promising feed supplement to enhance rumen fermentation and to mitigate methane production. However, in vivo feeding experiments should be subsequently conducted to elucidate the effect of CHYP supplementation on rumen fermentation, as well as ruminant production efficiency.

Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal pellets as a protein supplement to improve feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Thai native beef cattle

Phesatcha Burarat,Phesatcha Kampanat,Matra Maharach,Wanapat Metha 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.9

Objective: Replacing soybean meal (SBM) with cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal pellets (CMP) in concentrate diets was investigated for feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Thai native beef cattle. Methods: Four male beef cattle were randomly assigned to treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design with four levels of SBM replaced by CMP at 0%, 33%, 67%, and 100% in concentrate diets. Results: Results revealed that replacement of SBM with CMP did not affect dry matter (DM) consumption, while digestibilities of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) but did not alter digestibility of DM and organic matter. Increasing levels of CMP up to 100% in concentrate diets increased ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations, blood urea nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids and propionate concentration (p<0.05), whereas production of methane and protozoal populations decreased (p<0.05). Efficiency of microbial nitrogen protein synthesis increased when SBM was replaced with CMP. Conclusion: Substitution of SBM with CMP in the feed concentrate mixture at up to 100% resulted in enhanced nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency, with increased volatile fatty acids production, especially propionate and microbial protein synthesis, while decreasing protozoal populations and mitigating rumen methane production in Thai native beef cattle fed a rice straw-based diet.

Development of Compact Microstrip Antennas using Metamaterials

C. Kamtongdee,N. Wongkasem,B. Charoen,K. Matra 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

A new design of compact 2.4 GHz microstrip antennas, where metamaterials are placed on structure substrate, is proposed. The newly designed microstrips provide an optimized patch area resulting into a substantial reduction in size compared to a typical microstrip patch designed at the same frequency of operation. It was found that the characteristics of the novel microstrip antennas with designed metamaterials placed on the substrate are comparable to the conventional patch antennas, while their gain and radiating efficiency are noticeably improved.

Nutritional composition of various insects and potential uses as alternative protein sources in animal diets

Shah Assar Ali,Totakul Pajaree,Matra Maharach,Cherdthong Anusorn,Harnboonsong Yupa,Wanapat Metha 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.2

The aim of the present investigation is to determine the nutritional composition of various insects and their potential uses as alternative protein sources in animal diets. The feeding industry requires production systems that use accessible resources, such as feed resources, and concentrates on the potential impacts on production yield and nutritional quality. Invertebrate insects, such as black soldier flies, grasshoppers, mealworms, housefly larvae, and crickets, have been used as human food and as feed for nonruminants and aqua culture while for ruminants their use has been limited. Insects can be massproduced, participating in a circular economy that minimizes or eliminates food- and feed-waste through bioconversion. Although the model for formula-scale production of insects as feed for domestic animals has been explored for a number of years, significant production and transformation to being a conventional protein resource remains to be deeply investigated. This review will focus on the nutritional composition of various insects and their potential use as alternative protein sources, as well as their potential use to promote and support sustainable animal production. Furthermore, nutritional compositions, such as high protein, lauric acid omega 6, and omega 3, and bioactive compounds, such as chitin, are of great potential use for animal feeding. The aim of the present investigation is to determine the nutritional composition of various insects and their potential uses as alternative protein sources in animal diets. The feeding industry requires production systems that use accessible resources, such as feed resources, and concentrates on the potential impacts on production yield and nutritional quality. Invertebrate insects, such as black soldier flies, grasshoppers, mealworms, housefly larvae, and crickets, have been used as human food and as feed for nonruminants and aqua culture while for ruminants their use has been limited. Insects can be mass-produced, parti­cipating in a circular economy that minimizes or eliminates food- and feed-waste through bioconversion. Although the model for formula-scale production of insects as feed for domestic animals has been explored for a number of years, significant production and transformation to being a conventional protein resource remains to be deeply investigated. This review will focus on the nutritional composition of various insects and their potential use as alternative protein sources, as well as their potential use to promote and support sustainable animal production. Furthermore, nutritional compositions, such as high protein, lauric acid omega 6, and omega 3, and bioactive compounds, such as chitin, are of great potential use for animal feeding.

Growth characteristics and electrical properties of SiO2 thin films prepared using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition with an aminosilane precursor

Jung, H.,Kim, W. H.,Oh, I. K.,Lee, C. W.,Lansalot-Matras, C.,Lee, S. J.,Myoung, J. M.,Lee, H. B.,Kim, H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.51 No.11

<P>The deposition of high-quality SiO2 films has been achieved through the use of both plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) methods using H2Si[N(C2H5)(2)](2) as a Si precursor. We systematically investigated growth characteristics, chemical compositions, and electrical properties of PE-CVD SiO2 prepared under various deposition conditions. The SiO2 films prepared using PE-CVD showed high purity and good stoichiometry with a dielectric constant of similar to 4. In addition, the PE-ALD process of the SiO2 films exhibited well-saturated and almost linear growth characteristics of similar to 1.3 cycle(-1) without notable incubation cycles, producing pure SiO2 films. Electrical characterization of metal-oxide silicon capacitor structures prepared with each SiO2 film showed that PE-ALD SiO2 films had relatively lower leakage currents than PE-CVD SiO2 films. This might be a result of the saturated surface reaction mechanism of PE-ALD, which allows a smooth surface in comparison with PE-CVD method. In addition, the dielectric properties of both SiO2 films were further evaluated in the structures of In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors, and they both showed good device performances in terms of high I (on) - I (off) ratios (> 10(8)) and low off-currents (< 10(-11) A). However, based on the negative bias stress reliability test, it was found that PE-ALD SiO2 showed better reliability against a negative V (th) shift than PE-CVD SiO2, which might also be understood from its smoother channel/insulator interface generation at the interface.</P>

Significant Reduction of Leakage Currents for HfO2-based MOS Capacitor through Doping Dy by Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition

Jae-Seung Lee,Il-kwon Oh,Kyung Ho Lee,Clement Lansalot-Matras,Wontae Noh,Hyungjun Kim 한국표면공학회 2013 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.11

Atomic layer deposition of Y2O3 films using heteroleptic liquid (iPrCp)2Y(iPr-amd) precursor

Park, I. S.,ChanJung, Y.,Seong, S.,Ahn, J.,Kang, J.,Noh, W.,Lansalot-Matras, C. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for o Vol.2 No.43