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Recycling of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to generate enriched rare metal concentrate
Kumar, Vinod,Lee, Jae-chun,Jeong, Jinki,Jha, Manis Kumar,Kim, Byung-su,Singh, Ratnakar Elsevier 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.21 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An eco-friendly process for recycling obsolete PCBs to get enriched rare-metal concentrate using physical separation technique is discussed. Metal concentration in digital video disc (DVD) PCBs is ∼43wt.% whereas in vacuum cleaner (VC) PCBs ∼30wt.% with rare metal of ∼ 2.8%. Concentrate grade of ∼88% total metals including ∼5.85% rare metals in-case of DVD-PCBs while ∼90% of total metals including ∼2.81% rare metals in-case of VC-PCBs was achieved by froth flotation. While ∼75% total metals including ∼9.41% rare metals for DVD-PCBs and ∼65% total metals including ∼5.10% rare metals for VC-PCBs was obtained by pneumatic separation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High metal recovery achieved from PCBs of EOL-DVD and EOL-VC. </LI> <LI> The evolved process doesn’t require any chemical reagents. </LI> <LI> The process is eco-friendly and economical with no recurring cost. </LI> <LI> Re-circulating and water conservation in close-loop nutsche filtration. </LI> <LI> Enriched metallic concentrate is suitable for hydrometallurgical purification. </LI> </UL> </P>
FPGA application for wireless monitoring in power plant
Kumar, Adesh,Bansal, Kamal,Kumar, Deepak,Devrari, Aakanksha,Kumar, Roushan,Mani, Prashant Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.4
The process of automation and monitoring in industrial control system involves the use of many types of sensors. A programmable logic controller plays an important role in the automation of the different processes in the power plant system. The major control units are boiler for temperature and pressure, turbine for speed of motor, generator for voltage, conveyer belt for fuel. The power plant units are controlled using microcontrollers and PLCs, but FPGA can be the feasible solution. The paper focused on the design and simulation of hardware chip to monitor boiler, turbine, generator and conveyer belt. The hardware chip of the plant is designed in Xilinx Vivado Simulator 17.4 software using VHDL programming. The methodology includes VHDL code design, simulation, verification and testing on Virtex-5 FPGA hardware. The system has four independent buzzers used to indicate the status of the boiler, generator, turbine motor and conveyer belt in on/off conditions respectively. The GSM is used to display corresponding message on the mobile to know the status of the device in on/off condition. The system is very much helpful for the industries working on plant automation with FPGA hardware integration.
Recycling of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to generate enriched rare metal concentrate
Vinod Kumar,이재천,정진기,Manis Kumar Jha,김병수,Ratnakar Singh 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
An eco-friendly process for recycling obsolete PCBs to get enriched rare-metal concentrate usingphysical separation technique is discussed. Metal concentration in digital video disc (DVD) PCBs is43 wt.% whereas in vacuum cleaner (VC) PCBs 30 wt.% with rare metal of 2.8%. Concentrate grade of88% total metals including 5.85% rare metals in-case of DVD-PCBs while 90% of total metalsincluding 2.81% rare metals in-case of VC-PCBs was achieved by froth flotation. While 75% totalmetals including 9.41% rare metals for DVD-PCBs and 65% total metals including 5.10% rare metalsfor VC-PCBs was obtained by pneumatic separation.
Leaching of rare earth metals (REMs) from Korean monazite concentrate
Rekha Panda,Manis Kumar Jha,이진영,Archana Kumari,Jhumki Hait,Vinay Kumar,J. Rajesh Kumar 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4
Systematic scientific studies for dephosphorization and acid leaching of Korean monazite are reported here. 50% NaOH (w/v) solubilizes 99.99% phosphate, at 170 ℃, 100 g/L pulp density in 4 h. Kinetics of phosphate leaching fitted well with model ‘‘chemical reaction control,’’ i.e. 1 - (1 - X)1/2 = kct, Ea = 58.04 kJ/mol. Further, rare earth hydroxides (REHs) was leached using 6 N HCl at 90 ℃, 60 g/L pulp density for 2 h to recover ~95% REMs. Leach liquor generated can be further processed using solvent extraction/ion exchange techniques. From the pure solutions, metal/salts could be obtained using evaporation, precipitation, etc.
Archana Kumari,Rekha Panda,Manis Kumar Jha,이진영,J. Rajesh Kumar,Vinay Kumar 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
Systematic study for thermal decomposition of monazite to remove phosphate as a valuable productusing Na2CO3 and NaOH roasting processes to validate the TG/DTA studies is reported here. Monazite in1:1 wt. ratio with Na2CO3 and NaOH requires a temperature of 900 8C and 400 8C, respectively, for120 min in order to achieve complete conversion of rare earth phosphate into its oxides. The roastedmass was washed, dried and leached in 6 M HCl for 2 h, pulp density 30 g/L at 80 8C which results in>90% REMs recovery. Leach liquor generated will be further processed by solvent extraction andprecipitation processes.
Treatment of industrial effluent to reclaim copper using adsorption technique
Bawkar Shilpa Kalamani,Choubey Pankaj Kumar,Parween Rukshana,Panda Rekha,Singh Pramod Kumar,Jha Manis Kumar,Lee Jae-chun 한국자원공학회 2022 Geosystem engineering Vol.25 No.4
Effluent generated during metal finishing in industries contains large amount of heavy metals, which get discharged into water bodies and creates environmental pollution as well as loss of metal values. Present studies report the adsorption of copper (Cu) from the effluent using Tulsion T-42 resin. Experiments were carried out for the adsorption of Cu from the effluent of Chemical and Mechanical Polishing (CMP) industries using cationic resin Tulsion T-42 (adsorbent). To get the optimized adsorption condition for copper the studies were carried out with varying process parameters i.e., contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, etc. Result of the batch experiments shows that 95% copper was adsorbed from the effluent containing 100 ppm copper using 0.1 g Tulsion T-42 in 50 mL feed solution at pH 4.0 in contact time of 30 min. The obtained data from Cu adsorption studies fitted well with Freundlich adsorption isotherm and followed second-order rate reaction. The 99% copper was found to be eluted from loaded adsorbent using 10% sulfuric acid in 60 min contact time. FT-IR result confirmed that complex with active sulphonic group of Tulsion T-42 was formed. The findings of the studies will be useful for the reclamation of copper from the waste water of metal finishing industries.
Kumari, Archana,Panda, Rekha,Jha, Manis Kumar,Lee, Jin Young,Kumar, J. Rajesh,Kumar, Vinay Elsevier 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.21 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Systematic study for thermal decomposition of monazite to remove phosphate as a valuable product using Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> and NaOH roasting processes to validate the TG/DTA studies is reported here. Monazite in 1:1wt. ratio with Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> and NaOH requires a temperature of 900°C and 400°C, respectively, for 120min in order to achieve complete conversion of rare earth phosphate into its oxides. The roasted mass was washed, dried and leached in 6M HCl for 2h, pulp density 30g/L at 80°C which results in >90% REMs recovery. Leach liquor generated will be further processed by solvent extraction and precipitation processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effective process for separation and recovery of rare earth metals. </LI> <LI> Alkaline thermal treatment under optimized condition is used to dephosphorize monazite. </LI> <LI> 99% phosphate was separated and recovered as value added product of sodium tri-phosphate. </LI> <LI> The oxide of rare earth concentrate was leached in chloride medium to recover high percentage of rare earth metals. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kumar Ramanathan Sambath,Sivakumar Thangavel,Sundaram Rajagopal Shanmuga,Gomathi Periyasamy,Kumar Mani Senthil,Mazumdar Upal Kanti,Gupta Malaya Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.3
The aim of the present study is to investigate central nervous system (CNS) activity of the methanol extracts of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella (MECB) and stem bark of Bauhinia racemosa (MEBR) (Caesalpinaceae) in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. General behavior, exploratory behavior, muscle relaxant activity and phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time were studied. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella at 100 - 200 mg/kg and stem bark of Bauhinia racemosa 100 - 200 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in the spontaneous activity (general behavioral profile), remarkable decrease in exploratory behavioral pattern (Y-maze and head dip test), a reduction in muscle relaxant activity (rotarod and traction tests), and also significantly potentiated phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time. The results suggest that MECB and MEBR exhibit CNS depressant activity in tested animal models.