Nutrition education discouraging sugar intake results in higher nutrient density in diets of pre-school children

Yeom, Ma-Young,Cho, Youn-Ok The Korean Nutrition Society 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.5

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The intake of sugar has increased worldwide, and it is well established that childhood experiences and food preferences affect lifelong eating habits. To discourage sugar intake, nutrition education was imparted, and the effectiveness of the nutrition education program was investigated by considering the nutrient density and major dietary sources of sugar intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty four-hour dietary recall and sugar intake frequency of 96 pre-school children (educated n = 47; non-educated n = 49) were collected on 3 consecutive days (1 weekend day, 2 weekdays) after 11 weeks of imparting nutrition education. Dietary intake of nutrients and total sugar were analyzed, and the intake frequency of sugar source foods were identified. All nutrition education programs were focused on a hands-on education program, and consisted of cooking lab, play, activity, animation, and visual materials. The difference between the two groups was verified by the Chi-square test or t-test. All statistical analysis was performed with significance level at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Compared to the non-educated group, the intakes of protein (P < 0.001), fiber (P < 0.01), potassium (P < 0.05), iron (P < 0.05), zinc (P < 0.05), and iodine (P < 0.001) were significantly higher, and the intakes of carbohydrate (P < 0.01) and total sugar (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the educated group. The cumulative percent of sugar intake of top 20 sugar source foods in the educated group (82.80%) was lower than that of the non-educated group (85.75%). The contribution of beverages on total sugar intake was lower in the educated group. The average frequency of consuming sugary foods was significantly lower in the educated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that nutrition education on discouraging sugar intake is effective in reducing the amount of total sugar consumed, resulting higher nutrient density in the diets of pre-school children.

A 1:1 exercise-to-rest period ratio needed by animals to restore energy sources and replenish anti-oxidative status after exercise

Ma-Young Yeom,Youn-Ok Cho 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Successful recovery of an animal from exercise is essential, especially prior to the next exercise session. This study was conducted to find an effective exercise-to-rest period ratio for the restoration of energy sources and replenishment of anti-oxidative status in tissue after exercise. MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty-two rats were assigned to either non-training or training exercise groups for 5 weeks. After that period, the two groups were subdivided into four smaller groups: non-exercise (NE), exercise 0.5 hour and rest 1 hour (ER0.5:1), exercise 1 hour and rest 1 hour (ER1:1), exercise 2 hours and rest 1 hour (ER2:1). RESULTS: In the training group animals and compared to the NE group, the levels of plasma glucose after the rest period were significantly high in all ER groups but highest in the ER2:1 group. Similarly, the liver glycogen level was highest in the ER2:1 group. The plasma FFA level reached the highest level in the ER2:1 group but was similarly high in the ER0.5:1 group. Liver TG level was unchanged in the ER2:1 and ER1:1 groups but was significantly high in the ER0.5:1 group. Muscle TG levels were decreased in all three ER groups. Plasma protein levels were significantly high in the ER2:1 and ER0.5:1 groups. In both training animal and non-training animals, the liver protein levels did not change significantly between the NE and ER groups, irrespective of the exercise-to-rest ratio. In the training animal group, muscle protein level was significantly low in the ER2:1 and ER0.5:1 groups. The activity levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the malondialdehyde concentration, were not significantly different between NE and ER groups, irrespective of the exercise-to-rest period ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that animals provided with a 0.5:1 to 1:1 exercise-to-rest period ratio can restore their muscle energy sources and recover their anti-oxidative defense system.

Nutrition education discouraging sugar intake results in higher nutrient density in diets of pre-school children

Ma-Young Yeom,Youn-Ok Cho 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.5

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The intake of sugar has increased worldwide, and it is well established that childhood experiences and food preferences affect lifelong eating habits. To discourage sugar intake, nutrition education was imparted, and the effectiveness of the nutrition education program was investigated by considering the nutrient density and major dietary sources of sugar intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty four-hour dietary recall and sugar intake frequency of 96 pre-school children (educated n = 47; non-educated n = 49) were collected on 3 consecutive days (1 weekend day, 2 weekdays) after 11 weeks of imparting nutrition education. Dietary intake of nutrients and total sugar were analyzed, and the intake frequency of sugar source foods were identified. All nutrition education programs were focused on a hands-on education program, and consisted of cooking lab, play, activity, animation, and visual materials. The difference between the two groups was verified by the Chi-square test or t-test. All statistical analysis was performed with significance level at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Compared to the non-educated group, the intakes of protein (P < 0.001), fiber (P < 0.01), potassium (P < 0.05), iron (P < 0.05), zinc (P < 0.05), and iodine (P < 0.001) were significantly higher, and the intakes of carbohydrate (P < 0.01) and total sugar (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the educated group. The cumulative percent of sugar intake of top 20 sugar source foods in the educated group (82.80%) was lower than that of the non-educated group (85.75%). The contribution of beverages on total sugar intake was lower in the educated group. The average frequency of consuming sugary foods was significantly lower in the educated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that nutrition education on discouraging sugar intake is effective in reducing the amount of total sugar consumed, resulting higher nutrient density in the diets of pre-school children.

유아의 당 저감화를 위한 프로그램의 효과평가

염마영 ( Ma-young Yeom ),조윤옥 ( Youn-ok Cho ) 대한영양사협회 2016 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nutrition education program designed to reduce sugar intake in preschool children. The nutritional knowledge, dietary attitude, dietary behavior, and food intake with a sweet taste in preschool children were tested before and after 4 weeks of nutrition education from March 8 to April 1, 2016. The preschool children were recruited in Dobong-gu, Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups; educated (N=59) and non-educated group (N=40). Statistical analyseis were performed using SPSS 22. The nutritional knowledge about sweet tasting food was significantly increased (P<0.01) in the educated group and significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the non-educated group. The dietary attitude toward sweet tasting food was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the educated group but not significantly changed in the non-educated group. The dietary behavior toward sweet tasting food was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the educated group and significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the non-educated group. The major food sources of sugar intake were not significantly changed in either groups. The major food sources of sugar intake in the 5 years old children were yogurt products>sweetened breads>cookies/biscuits>chocolate>cereals>beverages> sweetened milk>sweet spicy chicken>Tteokbokki. Although there are some limitations in this study, due to the short length of the nutrition education and lack of active participation by the parents, the results suggest that effective nutrition education on sweet tasting food can bring about changes in nutritional knowledge as well as dietary attitude.

혈액투석 환자에서 혈청 마그네슘과 부갑상선호르몬 치의 관계

박미정,김남호,강영준,김정기,박병석,김수완,나명윤,마성권,염충호,최기철 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.6

The important factors involved in the regulation of PTH are calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus. However, recent studies have suggested that magnesium may also play a significant role in the modulation of PTH. The aims of this study was to analyze the relationship between serum magnesium and PTH levels in the hemodialysis patients. We studied 66 stable patients under maintenance hemodialysis for more than 6 months. Calcium carbonate was used as a phosphate binder in all patients. No patient had been previously treated with vitamin D and aluminum hydroxide. Biochemical parameters were evaluated 3 times during 7 months, and the mean values were computed. The mean serum magnesium level was 2.7±0.4 mEq/L. Hypermagnesemia(defined as serum Mg$gt;2.2 mEq/L) was found in 60 patients(90.1%). Serum magnesiurn levels were inversely correlated with senum iPTH levels(r=-0.579; p$lt;0.001). Serum total and ionized calcium levels were inversely correlated with serum iPTH levels(r=-0.743; p$lt;0.001, r=-0.699; p$lt;0.001, respectively).Serum alkaline phosphatase levels positively correlated with serum iPTH levels (r=0.364; p=0.003). In lower iPTH group(serum iPTH120pg/mL), serum magnesium, total calcium, and ionized calcium levels were significantly higher. Alkaline phosphatase level was significantly lower in lower PTH group. After controlling for the effect of the other variables, serum magnesium and iPTH levels were inversely correlated(r=-0.53; p$lt;0.001). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that serum magnesium level was the most predictive variable(R²=0.72; p$lt;0.001). Hypermagnesemia is frequent in hemodialysis patients. There is a significant inverse relationship between serum magnesium and PTH levels. In addition, serum magnesium concentration has an important influence on PTH regulation. These results suggest that hypermagnesemia may have a suppressive effect on PTH regulation in hemodialysis patients.