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Nephron-sparing management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Jason M. Farrow,Sean Q. Kern,Gustavo M. Gryzinski,Chandru P. Sundaram 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.4
Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is uncommon and presents unique challenges for diagnosis and management. Nephroureterectomy has been the preferred management option, but it is associated with significant morbidity. Nephron-sparing treatments are a valuable alternative and provide similar efficacy in select cases. A PubMed literature review was performed in English language publications using the following search terms: urothelial carcinoma, upper tract, nephron-sparing, intraluminal and systemic therapy. Contemporary papers published within the last 10 years were primarily included. Where encountered, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were given priority, as were randomized controlled trials for newer treatments. Core guidelines were referenced and citations reviewed for inclusion. A summary of epidemiological data, clinical diagnosis, staging, and treatments focusing on nephron-sparing approaches to upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are outlined. Nephron-sparing management strategies are viable options to consider in patients with favorable features of UTUC. Adjunctive therapies are being investigated but the data remains mixed. Protocol variability and dosage differences limit statistical interpretation. New mechanisms to improve treatment dwell times in the upper tracts are being designed with promising preliminary results. Studies investigating systemic therapies are ongoing but implications for nephron-sparing management are uncertain. Nephron-sparing management is an acceptable treatment modality best suited for favorable disease. More work is needed to determine if intraluminal and/or systemic therapies can further optimize treatment outcomes beyond resection alone.
Sundaram, N.,Sriram, M. KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.4 No.2
This paper portrays the perception of buying behaviour, factors of product preferences and product switch-over among women consumers in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. To conduct this study, 300 respondents from 20 village blocks of Vellore district were selected using stratified random sampling as the technique and descriptive sampling as the design. The study came out with interesting results and conclusions. It was found that more than half of the respondents were purchasing the product without a bill. It was also found that the respondents who repaired their product in the authorized service centre during warranty period did not continue the same after the warranty period and preferred nearby repair shops. It was further found that more than half of the respondents were checking expiry date and quality standards while purchasing a product. The study's scope was limited to women consumers at Vellore district. It could be used for further research in other aspects such as gender comparison in Vellore district and comparison with other districts of Tamil Nadu and other states of India. It was suggested that there is still a necessity to upgrade the standard of the people in many aspects like education, occupation and level of income, which shall help them to compete with the neighboring cities on living standards.
N. Sundaram,M. Sriram 강원대학교 경영연구소 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.4 No.2
This paper portrays the perception of buying behaviour, factors of product preferences and product switch-over among women consumers in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. To conduct this study, 300 respondents from 20 village blocks of Vellore district were selected using stratified random sampling as the technique and descriptive sampling as the design. The study came out with interesting results and conclusions. It was found that more than half of the respondents were purchasing the product without a bill. It was also found that the respondents who repaired their product in the authorized service centre during warranty period did not continue the same after the warranty period and preferred nearby repair shops. It was further found that more than half of the respondents were checking expiry date and quality standards while purchasing a product. The study’s scope was limited to women consumers at Vellore district. It could be used for further research in other aspects such as gender comparison in Vellore district and comparison with other districts of Tamil Nadu and other states of India. It was suggested that there is still a necessity to upgrade the standard of the people in many aspects like education, occupation and level of income, which shall help them to compete with the neighboring cities on living standards.
R. Adalarasan,M. Santhanakumar,A. Shanmuga Sundaram 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.1
Friction welding is a solid state joining process in which the quality of welded joint is influenced by the input parameter setting. Theobjective of the present study is to conduct experimental investigation of the bond strength and hardness of the friction welded jointsinvolving AA 6061 and AA 6351 alloys by conducting experiments designed by Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal matrix array. A systematicapproach becomes essential to find the optimal setting of friction welding parameters. Hence a new approach named grey-principal ComponentAnalysis (G-PCA) is presented in which the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to generate weights for the Grey relationalcoefficients obtained in the Grey relational analysis (GRA). The results of the confirmation experiment conducted with the optimalsetting predicted by the G-PCA have shown improvements in the performance characteristics. Hence G-PCA can be used for experimentalwelding optimization.
P. Alagu Sundaram,Robin Augustine,M. Kannan 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.4
The biological synthesis of nanoparticles is emerging as a potential method for nanoparticle synthesis due to its non-toxicity and simplicity. We report the ability of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from rhizosphere soil to produce iron oxide nanoparticles. B. subtilis strains having the potential for the extracellular biosynthesis of Fe3O4nanoparticles were isolated from rhizosphere soil, identified and characterized. A bactericidal protein subtilin was isolated from all the isolates of B. subtilis, which is a characteristic for the species. The isolated subtilin was tested against the bacterial strain, E. coli. The supernatant of the bacterial culture was used for the synthesis of Fe3O4nanoparticles. The formation of nanoparticles was assessed by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. FTIR and SEM analysis were used in order to confirm the formation and size of the nanoparticles. Further, the effect of incubation time, pH, and temperature on the formation of Fe3O4nanoparticles was studied. The successful synthesis of stabilized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which was capped by the organic group, indicates the applicability of the isolated B. subtilis strain for the bulk synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles.
A. Angamuthu,M. Sundaram,V. Balaji 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.3
These days FACTS devices are predominantly used to improve the power quality in distribution networks to meet the standards. The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) plays a vital role in maintaining voltage in a distribution power substation at standard levels. DVRs can compensate a short period of sag or swell in a power network. Currently, many industries employ a servo-controlled voltage stabilizer at their premises to compensate voltage fluctuations and swells that occur for a longer period of time. Servo-controlled voltage stabilizers take about 20–30 power cycles to compensate fluctuation. The operation of sensitive equipment fails due to this inefficient compensation. This paper presents a solution for both voltage fluctuations and prolonged low voltage profiles at distribution networks. The proposed switching algorithm for the H-bridge inverter compensates grid voltage fluctuations by injecting compensating voltage without utilizing a DC bulk capacitor unlike a DVR. A prototype developed in the laboratory is tested experimentally and the obtained test results verify the extended feature of the proposed solution.
E. Baburaj,K. M. Mohana Sundaram,P. Senthil 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.1
This paper explains the effect of turning parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and cutting tool nose radius on surfaceroughness of hybrid metal matrix (Al-SiCp-Fly ash) composite. Experiments have been conducted based on the orthogonal arrayL16(4)5and surface roughness was tested on the composites turned by an high speed CNC centre lathe. Analysis of variance (ANOVA)was performed to predict the significant parameters and their contribution towards surface finish of the composite. A mathematical modelwas developed using non-linear regression analysis. Taguchi method and Genetic algorithm have been employed to optimize the turningparameters for optimum surface roughness of the composite. The optimum turning parametric conditions have been checked with theconfirmation experiments. It has been noted that the optimum condition of genetic algorithm exhibited better results than the experimentalresults based on the orthogonal array and the optimum condition of Taguchi method.