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Ho, Luis C.,Kim, Minjin IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.809 No.2
<P>The masses of supermassive black holes (BHs) in broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be measured through reverberation mapping, but this method currently cannot be applied to very large samples or to high-redshift AGNs. As a practical alternative, one can devise empirical scaling relations, based on the correlation between broad-line region size and AGN luminosity and the relation between BH mass and bulge stellar velocity dispersion, to estimate the virial masses of BHs from single-epoch spectroscopy. We present a revised calibration of the BH mass estimator for the commonly used H beta emission line. Our new calibration takes into account the recent determination of the virial coefficient for pseudo and classical bulges.</P>
LOW-MASS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH RAPID X-RAY VARIABILITY
Ho, Luis C.,Kim, Minjin American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.821 No.1
<P>We present a detailed study of the optical spectroscopic properties of 12 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with candidate low-mass black holes (BHs) selected by Kamizasa et al. through rapid X-ray variability. The high-quality, echellette Magellan spectra reveal broad Ha emission in all the sources, allowing us to estimate robust virial BH masses and Eddington ratios for this unique sample. We confirm that the sample contains low-mass BHs accreting at high rates: the median M-BH = 1.2. x. 10(6) M-circle dot and median L-bol/L-Edd = 0.44. The sample follows the M-BH-sigma(*) relation, within the considerable scatter typical of pseudobulges, the probable hosts of these low-mass AGNs. Various lines of evidence suggest that ongoing star formation is prevalent in these systems. We propose a new strategy to estimate star formation rates in AGNs hosted by low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies, based on modification of an existing method using the strength of [O II] lambda 3727, [O III] lambda 5007, and X-rays.</P>
Ho, Luis C.,Kim, Minjin,Terashima, Yuichi IOP Publishing 2012 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.759 No.1
<P>Optical spectra and images taken with the Baade 6.5 m Magellan telescope confirm that 2XMM J123103.2+110648, a highly variable X-ray source with an unusually soft spectrum, is indeed associated with a type 2 (narrow-line) active nucleus at a redshift of z = 0.11871. The absence of broad H alpha or H beta emission in an otherwise X-ray unabsorbed source suggests that it intrinsically lacks a broad-line region. If, as in other active galaxies, the ionized gas and stars in J1231+1106 are in approximate virial equilibrium, and the M-BH-sigma(*) relation holds, the exceptionally small velocity dispersion of sigma = 33.5 km s (1) for [OIII] lambda 5007 implies that M-BH approximate to 10(5) M-circle dot, among the lowest ever detected. Such a low black hole mass is consistent with the general characteristics of the host, a small, low-luminosity, low-mass disk galaxy. We estimate the Eddington ratio of the black hole to be greater than or similar to 0.5, in good agreement with expectations based on the X-ray properties of the source.</P>
Chi-Ho Lee,Mei-Zhen Wu,David Tak-Wai Lui,Darren Shing-Hei Chan,Carol Ho-Yi Fong,Sammy Wing-Ming Shiu,Ying Wong,Alan Chun-Hong Lee,Joanne King-Yan Lam,Yu-Cho Woo,Karen Siu-Ling Lam,Kelvin Kai-Hang Yiu 대한당뇨병학회 2022 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.46 No.6
Background: Insulin-treated patients with long duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of ketoacidosis related to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i). The extent of circulating ketone elevation in these patients remains unknown. We conducted this study to compare the serum ketone response between dapagliflozin, an SGLT2i, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, among insulin-treated T2DM patients.Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, active comparator-controlled study involving 60 insulin-treated T2DM patients. Participants were randomized 1:1 for 24-week of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or sitagliptin 100 mg daily. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were measured at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks after intervention. Comprehensive cardiometabolic assessments were performed with measurements of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), vibration-controlled transient elastography and echocardiography.Results: Among these 60 insulin-treated participants (mean age 58.8 years, diabetes duration 18.2 years, glycosylated hemoglobin 8.87%), as compared with sitagliptin, serum BHB levels increased significantly after 24 weeks of dapagliflozin (P=0.045), with a median of 27% increase from baseline. Change in serum BHB levels correlated significantly with change in free fatty acid levels. Despite similar glucose lowering, dapagliflozin led to significant improvements in body weight (P=0.006), waist circumference (P=0.028), HDL-C (P=0.041), CEC (P=0.045), controlled attenuation parameter (P=0.007), and liver stiffness (P=0.022). Average E/e’, an echocardiographic index of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, was also significantly lower at 24 weeks in participants treated with dapagliflozin (P=0.037).Conclusion: Among insulin-treated T2DM patients with long diabetes duration, compared to sitagliptin, dapagliflozin modestly increased ketone levels and was associated with cardiometabolic benefits.
Laptin Ho,Joe Hin Cheung Tsang,Emmanuel Cheung,Wing Yan Chan,Ka Wai Lee,Sweetie R Lui,Chung Yau Lee,Alfred Lok Hang Lee,Philip Koon Ngai Lam 대한중환자의학회 2022 Acute and Critical Care Vol.37 No.3
Background: Early intensive care unit (ICU) protocolized rehabilitative programs have been described previously, yet with differing starting time points and mostly on mechanically ventilated patients. We extended the concept to all admitted ICU patients and investigate the efficacy of early mobilization in improving mobility of the critically ill, address issues surrounding the timing and intensity of an early rehabilitative program.Methods: Prospective cohorts of patients admitted consecutively before-and-after (control, n=92; intervention, n=90) the introduction of an early mobilization program in a single center, general hospital ICU. Improvement in mobility as assessed by ICU mobility score, on ICU admission and upon ICU discharge, was measured as a primary outcome.Results: Those receiving early mobilization in the intensive care unit had higher ICU mobility score (2.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–4.61; P<0.001) upon discharge from the intensive care, with earlier out of bed mobilization on day 5 compared to the control group of day 21 (P<0.001). No differences were found in terms of mortality, intensive care hospitalization and subsequent hospitalization duration after discharge from ICU.Conclusions: Here, we report that improvement in mobility score earlier in the course of intensive care hospitalization with the introduction of a protocolized early rehabilitative program.
Chi-Ho Lee,Wai-Kay Seto,Kelly Ieong,David T.W. Lui,Carol H.Y. Fong,Helen Y. Wan,Wing-Sun Chow,Yu-Cho Woo,Man-Fung Yuen,Karen SL Lam 대한내분비학회 2021 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.36 No.1
Background: In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), transient elastography (TE) is an accurate non-invasive method to identify patients at risk of advanced fibrosis (AF). We developed a diabetes-specific, non-invasive liver fibrosis score based on TE to facilitate AF risk stratification, especially for use in diabetes clinics where TE is not readily available. Methods: Seven hundred sixty-six adults with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD were recruited and randomly divided into a training set (n=534) for the development of diabetes fibrosis score (DFS), and a testing set (n=232) for internal validation. DFS identified patients with AF on TE, defined as liver stiffness (LS) ≥9.6 kPa, based on a clinical model comprising significant determinants of LS with the lowest Akaike information criteria. The performance of DFS was compared with conventional liver fibrosis scores (NFS, FIB-4, and APRI), using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (NPV). Results: DFS comprised body mass index, platelet, aspartate aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and albuminuria, five routine measurements in standard diabetes care. Derived low and high DFS cut-offs were 0.1 and 0.3, with 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity, respectively. Both cut-offs provided better NPVs of >90% than conventional fibrosis scores. The AUROC of DFS for AF on TE was also higher (P<0.01) than the conventional fibrosis scores, being 0.85 and 0.81 in the training and testing sets, respectively. Conclusion: Compared to conventional fibrosis scores, DFS, with a high NPV, more accurately identified diabetes patients at-risk of AF, who need further evaluation by hepatologists.