중국어 상성이 중국인의 한자어 발음에 미치는 영향 연구 : 부분이형동의어를 중심으로

Liu Si Yang,김영주 한국음성학회 2012 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study is to find the influence of Chinese falling-rising tone on the pitch pattern of corresponding partly-different-form-same-meaning Sino-Korean words delivered by Chinese learners of Korean and to examine how the falling-rising tone of corresponding Chinese words affects the pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words. The scope of this research is limited to Chinese learners of Korean, especially on two groups of Sino-Korean words - AB:CB type and AB:AC type that the are second-most frequently occuring different-form-same-meaning Sino-Korean words. In this study, Chinese learners pronounced both Chinese words and corresponding Sino-Korean words. Learners’ pitch patterns were recorded and analyzed using software and compared with the tone of corresponding Chinese words. Experimental results showed that AB:CB type Sino-Korean words were not affected by Chinese 'falling-rising tone - high and level tone'. As well as AB:CB type, experimental results showed there were no significant influence on the pitch pattern of AB:AC type Sino-Korean words by Chinese falling-rising tone. But it was clear that Chinese learners' made pitch errors on both AB:CB type and AB:AC type Sino-Korean words. In conclusion, the Chinese learners' pitch patterns of partly-different-form-same-meaning Sino-Korean words are different from Korean native speakers', but their pitch errors cannot be attributed to Chinese falling-rising tone.

Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 C-509T Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis of 55 Case-control Studies

Liu, Yang,Lin, Xian-Fan,Lin, Chun-Jing,Jin, Si-Si,Wu, Jin-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Aim: To investigate the association of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-${\beta}1$) C-509T polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer by means of meta-analysis. Methods: An extensive search was performed to identify eligible case-control studies investigating such a link. The strength of the association between TGF-${\beta}1$ C-509T polymorphism and cancer risk was assessed by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (95%CIs) in fixed or random effects models. Results: 55 published case-control studies with a total number of 21,639 cases and 28,460 controls were included. Overall, there was no association between TGF-${\beta}1$ C-509T and cancer risk in all genetic comparison models (TT vs. CC: OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.89-1.15; T vs. C: OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.94-1.07). However, a stratified analysis by cancer type indicated -509 T allele was significantly associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) (TT vs. CT/CC: OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.76-0.95), especially for Caucasians (TT vs. CT/CC: OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.71-0.98) and for population-based studies (TT vs. CT/CC: OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.68-0.89). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that TGF-${\beta}1$ C-509T polymorphism might contribute to a decreased risk on colorectal cancer susceptibility, especially for Caucasians.

중국어 어휘의 한국어 표기법 세칙에 대한 고찰 -중국 지명 표기를 중심으로-

유사양 ( Si Yang Liu ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2013 언어사실과 관점 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the validity of the detailed rule No.2 of Chinese word orthography. According to the detailed rules, the diphthongs(ㅑ, ㅖ, ㅛ, ㅠ) which come after the palatal consonants(ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ) should be written as monophthongs(ㅏ, ㅔ, ㅗ, ㅜ). But scholars argued that it is possible to keep those diphthongs even they come after the palatal consonants. In this study, Korean speakers pronounced both ‘palatal consonant + monophthong(PM)’ words and ‘palatal consonant + diphthong(PD)’ words in equivalent situations. By using the software speakers` formant were recorded, analyzed, and compared with each other. Experimental results showed that Korean speakers pronounced ‘PD’ words in the same way as ‘PM’. Also,Korean speakers` listening aspects of ‘PD’ words were analyzed. The result, showed Korean speakers can not apperceive the pronunciation of ‘PD’ words, instead, they took the pronunciation of ‘PD’ words for ‘PM’ words`. According these results, we can find it is economically feasible for Korean speakers who can not either pronounce or apperceive ``PD`` words. On the other hand, to use the detailed rule of Chinese orthography that belongs to the Chinese word orthography can avoid the chaos in marking Chinese.

Effect of kaolin additive on PM_2.5 reduction during pulverized coal combustion: Importance of sodium and its occurrence in coal

Si, Junping,Liu, Xiaowei,Xu, Minghou,Sheng, Lei,Zhou, Zijian,Wang, Chao,Zhang, Yang,Seo, Yong-Chil Elsevier 2014 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.114 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Little work has been performed on the importance of sodium and its occurrence in coal to PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> (particles less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter) reduction by kaolin during O<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> combustion and O<SUB>2</SUB>/CO<SUB>2</SUB> combustion at high temperatures. In this study, the combustion experiment of a treated low-sodium coal with sodium aluminosilicate additive was conducted in a lab-scale drop tube furnace (DTF) at 1500°C to reveal the contribution of mineral melting and coalescence to PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> reduction. Meanwhile, two typical Na-loaded coals (in which the sodium was loaded in the form of NaCl and sodium carboxylate, respectively) with kaolin added were also burnt under O<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> and O<SUB>2</SUB>/CO<SUB>2</SUB> atmospheres to investigate the effect of interaction between kaolin and different chemical form sodium on PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> reduction. The results show that sodium aluminosilicate is able to promote the migration of PM<SUB>0.5–2.5</SUB> (particles in aerodynamic diameter of 0.5–2.5μm) to form coarse particles. Due to the stronger reactivity of sodium carboxylate reacting with kaolin than that of NaCl, PM<SUB>0.2–0.5</SUB> (particles in aerodynamic diameter of 0.2–0.5μm) decreases more significantly in the combustion when adding kaolin into the NaAc-loaded coal than into NaCl-loaded coal. In addition, the PM<SUB>0.2–0.5</SUB> reduction in O<SUB>2</SUB>/CO<SUB>2</SUB> combustion is lower than that in O<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> combustion owing to the less vaporization of metals and the slower diffusion rate of vapors in the O<SUB>2</SUB>/CO<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere in comparison to those in the O<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere. The mineral coalescence varied in interactions of kaolin with NaAc and NaCl. Besides, the PM<SUB>0.5–2.5</SUB> emission differed as a result of differences in coal characteristic and the atmosphere, and this would cause the difference of collision frequency between particles and additive. With the joint actions of mineral coalescence and particle collision, the NaAc-loaded coal has a higher PM<SUB>0.5–2.5</SUB> reduction by kaolin than NaCl-loaded coal, especially under the O<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> combustion. An expression describing the relationship of PM<SUB>0.5–2.5</SUB> reduction, mineral coalescence and particle collision was fitted and it is found that the mineral coalescence has a stronger influence than particle collision on PM<SUB>0.5–2.5</SUB> reduction by kaolin.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The sodium aluminosilicate plays an important role in PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> reduction by kaolin. </LI> <LI> The capability of kaolin to reduce PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> depends on the sodium occurrence in coals. </LI> <LI> The effect of kaolin on PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> reduction becomes weaker during O<SUB>2</SUB>/CO<SUB>2</SUB> combustion. </LI> <LI> Particle collision may be taken into consideration for PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> reduction. </LI> </UL> </P>

Increased Sister Chromatid Exchange in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Humans Exposed to Pesticide: Evidence Based on a Meta-analysis

Yang, Hai-Yan,Liu, Jing,Yang, Si-Yu,Wang, Hai-Yu,Wang, Ya-Dong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes is one of the most extensively studied biomarkers employed to evaluate genetic damage subsequent to pesticide exposure. Objective: To estimate the pooled levels of SCE in human peripheral blood lymphocytes among population exposed to pesticide. Materials and Methods: Meta-analysis on the association between SCE frequency and pesticide exposure was performed with STATA 10.0 software package and Review Manager 5.0.24 in this study. Results: The overall means of SCE were 7.88 [95% confidence intervals (95%CI): 6.71-9.04] for exposure group and 6.05 (95%CI: 5.13-6.95) for controls, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in the SCE frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes between pesticide-exposed groups and control groups, and the summary estimate of weighted mean difference was 1.69 (95%CI: 1.01-2.38). We also observed that pesticide-exposed population had significantly higher SCE frequency than control groups among smokers, nonsmokers, pesticide applicator, pesticide producer, other exposure population and Asian population in stratified analyses. Conclusions: Data indicate that the SCE frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes might be an indicator of early genetic esffects for pesticide-exposed populations.

The comparison of microbial communities in thyroid tissues from thyroid carcinoma patients

Liu Chen-Jian,Chen Si-Qian,Zhang Si-Yao,Wang Jia-Lun,Tang Xiao-Dan,Yang Kun-Xian,Li Xiao-Ran 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.11

Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine organ cancer associated with abnormal hormone secretion, leading to the disorder of metabolism. The intestinal microbiota is vital to maintain digestive and immunologic homeostasis. The relevant information of the microbial community in the gut and thyroid, including composition, structure, and relationship, is unclear in thyroid carcinoma patients. A total of 93 samples from 25 patients were included in this study. The results showed that microbial communities existed in thyroid tissue; gut and thyroid had high abundance of facultative anaerobes from the Proteobacteria phyla. The microbial metabolism from the thyroid and gut may be affected by the thyroid carcinoma cells. The cooccurrence network showed that the margins of different thyroid tissues were unique areas with more competition; the stabilization of microcommunities from tissue and stool may be maintained by several clusters of species that may execute different vital metabolism processes dominantly that are attributed to the microenvironment of cancer.

PGA: An Efficient Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Optimization Scheme Using Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Algorithm

( Si Shen ),( Guojiang Shen ),( Yang Shen ),( Duanyang Liu ),( Xi Yang ),( Xiangjie Kong ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.11

Advanced traffic signal timing method plays very important role in reducing road congestion and air pollution. Reinforcement learning is considered as superior approach to build traffic light timing scheme by many recent studies. It fulfills real adaptive control by the means of taking real-time traffic information as state, and adjusting traffic light scheme as action. However, existing works behave inefficient in complex intersections and they are lack of feasibility because most of them adopt traffic light scheme whose phase sequence is flexible. To address these issues, a novel adaptive traffic signal timing scheme is proposed. It's based on actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm, and advanced techniques proximal policy optimization and generalized advantage estimation are integrated. In particular, a new kind of reward function and a simplified form of state representation are carefully defined, and they facilitate to improve the learning efficiency and reduce the computational complexity, respectively. Meanwhile, a fixed phase sequence signal scheme is derived, and constraint on the variations of successive phase durations is introduced, which enhances its feasibility and robustness in field applications. The proposed scheme is verified through field-data-based experiments in both medium and high traffic density scenarios. Simulation results exhibit remarkable improvement in traffic performance as well as the learning efficiency comparing with the existing reinforcement learning-based methods such as 3DQN and DDQN.

중국인의 한국어 한자어 발음에서 보이는 중국어 음평과 양평의 영향 : 동형동의어를 중심으로

유사양(Liu,Si Yang),김영주(Kim,Youngjoo) 한국음성학회 2011 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.3 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Chinese high and level vs. rising tone on the pitch pattern of corresponding Sino-Korean words delivered by Chinese learners of Korean and to examine the aspects how these two tones of corresponding Chinese words affect the pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words. Scope of this research is limited to the Chinese learners of Korean, especially when they pronounce same-form-same-meaning Sino-Korean words. In this study, Chinese learners pronounced both Chinese words and corresponding Sino-Korean words. By using the software learners5 pitch pattern were recorded, analyzed, and compared with the tone of corresponding Chinese words. Experimental results showed that Sino-Korean words were affected by Chinese ‘high and level tone - high and level tone’, ‘high and level tone - rising tone’, ‘high and level tone - falling-rising tone’, ‘high and level tone - falling tone’ and ‘rising tone - falling tone’ when they started with lenis sounds. On the other hand when Sino-Korean words started with aspirated sounds they were affected by Chinese ‘rising tone - high and level tone’, ‘rising tone - rising tone’, ‘rising tone - falling-rising tone’, ‘rising tone - falling tone’. In conclusion, the Chinese learners’ pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words are affected by both Chinese high and level & rising tone, especially when Sino-Korean words started with lenis sounds they were more affected by Chinese high and level tone, on the other hand Chinese rising tone influence Sino-Korean words more when they were started with aspirated sounds.

A novel approach for the preparation of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals via a sustainable FeCl3-catalyzed deep eutectic solvent treatment

Xianghao Yang,Hongxiang Xie,Zhufan Zou,Yang Zou,Wei Liu,Hongyan Lan,Xinxing Zhang,Youngsoo Bae,Chuanling Si 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2018 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.09

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as building blocks were widely used to produce renewable and sustainable nanomaterials. CNCs are mainly produced by inorganic acid hydrolysis such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric acids, etc. However, there are some drawbacks for inorganic acid hydrolysis such as harsh corrosion of equipment, severe environmental pollution, large water usage and so on. Herein, we reported a green and sustainable method for the preparation of CNCs via a one-step treatment based on a deep system solvent (DES) system of FeCl3-catalyzed choline chloride and oxalic acid dihydrate (F-DES). Due to its low melting point, this F-DES can be easily obtained at a lower temperature. Results shows that CNC samples (F-CNC) could be successfully isolated from bleached eucalyptus Kraft pulp (BEKP) with a high yield (over 70%). Also the DES could be recovered from the reaction solution by a simple evaporation process with high recovery rate ( %). Thermogravimetric analyses revealed that the onset decomposition temperature for the obtained F-CNC was 321°C, which was much higher than that of the CNCs produced from the same raw BEKP by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Therefore, the FeCl3-catalyzed deep eutectic solvent treatment could be a sustainable and economically feasible method for the production of CNCs with high thermal stability.

Construction of Cellulose Nanofibrils-based Ternary Heterogeneous Film for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Kun Liu,Yaxuan Wang,Hongbin Yang,Yi-Chang He,Chun Gong,Young-Soo Bae,Chuanling Si 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2022 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.10

In this work, flexible CNF/PEDOT:PSS/MXene ternary heterogeneous films with high conductivity and excellent mechanical properties were manufactured using a facile and versatile approach. The optimized CNF/PEDOT:PSS/MXene-50 ternary heterogeneous film (with a weight ratio of 5:5 of CNF/PEDOT:PSS to MXene) showed good flexibility, high tensile strength (59.99 MPa), and high electrical conductivity (1903.2 S cm-1). It was demonstrated that 1D CNF/PEDOT:PSS with a high aspect ratio could intertwine with the 2D MXene nanoflakes, forming a highly aligned microstructure, which imparted excellent flexibility and mechanical robustness to the final ternary heterogeneous films. PEDOT:PSS on the CNF surface served as a conductive coating which interacted with highly conductive MXene to form continuous pathways for electron transfer, endowing the ternary heterogeneous films with excellent conductivity. Due to the excellent conductivity and unique hetero-structure, the CNF/PEDOT:PSS/MXene ternary heterogeneous films have been proved to have an excellent EMI shielding properties (e.g., 76.99 dB at a thickness of 58.0 μm), which are superior to most of the previously reported results. All in all, a facile and sustainable strategy is provided in this work to produce high-performance EMI shielding materials, which are expected to be widely used in flexible and wearable electronic products, aviation and mobile devices.