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Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Factors Analysis of Escherichia coli O157 Strains in China
Xiao W. Ji,Ya L. Liao,Ye F. Zhu,Hai G. Wang,Ling Gu,Jiang Gu,Chen Dong,Hong L. Ding,Xu H. Mao,Feng C. Zhu,Quan M. Zou 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6
Escherichia coli O157:H7, an important food-borne pathogen, has become a major public health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiologic feature of E. coli O157:H7strains in China. 105 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were collected from various hosts and places over 9 years. A multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) was applied for bacteria genotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for virulence factor identification. Seven new MLST sequence types (STs), namely ST836, ST837, ST838, ST839, ST840, ST841, and ST842 were identified, which grouped into two lineages. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the most two frequent STs in China, ST837 and ST836, may be the derivatives of E. coli O157:H7 Sakai or E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Geographical diversity and host variety of E. coli O157:H7 were observed in China. In addition, the different distribution of tccp was detected. The data presented herein provide new insights into the molecular epidemiologic feature of E. coli O157:H7, and aid in the investigation of the transmission regularity and evolutionary mechanism of E. coli O157:H7.
Ling, Y.H.,Zhang, X.D.,Yao, N.,Ding, J.P.,Chen, H.Q.,Zhang, Z.J.,Zhang, Y.H.,Ren, C.H.,Ma, Y.H.,Zhang, X.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2
To investigate the genetic diversity of seven Chinese indigenous meat goat breeds (Tibet goat, Guizhou white goat, Shannan white goat, Yichang white goat, Matou goat, Changjiangsanjiaozhou white goat and Anhui white goat), explain their genetic relationship and assess their integrity and degree of admixture, 302 individuals from these breeds and 42 Boer goats introduced from Africa as reference samples were genotyped for 11 microsatellite markers. Results indicated that the genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous meat goats was rich. The mean heterozygosity and the mean allelic richness (AR) for the 8 goat breeds varied from 0.697 to 0.738 and 6.21 to 7.35, respectively. Structure analysis showed that Tibet goat breed was genetically distinct and was the first to separate and the other Chinese goats were then divided into two sub-clusters: Shannan white goat and Yichang white goat in one cluster; and Guizhou white goat, Matou goat, Changjiangsanjiaozhou white goat and Anhui white goat in the other cluster. This grouping pattern was further supported by clustering analysis and Principal component analysis. These results may provide a scientific basis for the characteristization, conservation and utilization of Chinese meat goats.
Patient reported outcomes in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Malcolm H.W. Mak,Woon Ling Chew,Sameer P. Junnarkar,Winston W.L. Woon,Jee-Keem Low,Terence C.W. Huey,Vishalkumar G. Shelat 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.1
Backgrounds/Aims: Traditional outcome measures (e.g., length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality) are used to determine the quality of care, but these may not be most important to patients. It is unclear which outcomes matter to patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC). We aim to identify patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) which patients undergoing ELC valued most. Methods: A 45-item questionnaire with Four-point Likert-type questions developed from prior literature review, prospectively administered to patients treated with ELC at a tertiary institution in Singapore. Results: Seventy-five patients participated. Most essential factors were technical skill and experience level of a surgeon, long-term quality of life (QoL), patient involvement in decision-making, communication skill of a surgeon, cleanliness of the ward environment, and standards of nursing care. Least important factors were hospitalization leave duration, length of hospital stay, a family’s opinion of the hospital, and scar cosmesis. Employed patients were more likely to find hospitalization leave duration (p<0.001) and procedure duration (p=0.042) important. Younger patients (p=0.048) and female gender (p=0.003) were more likely to perceive scar cosmesis as important. Conclusions: Patients undergoing ELC value long-term QoL, surgeon technical skill and experience level, patient involvement in decision-making, surgeon communication skill, cleanliness of the ward environment, and nursing care standards. Day-case surgery, medical leave, family opinion of hospital, and scar cosmesis were least important. Understanding what patients value will help guide patient-centric healthcare delivery.
Dai, Xiaoyun,Ahn, Kwang Seok,Wang, Ling Zhi,Kim, Chulwon,Deivasigamni, Amudha,Arfuso, Frank,Um, Jae-Young,Kumar, Alan Prem,Chang, Young-Chae,Kumar, Dhiraj,Kundu, Gopal C.,Magae, Junji,Goh, Boon Cher,H American Association for Cancer Research 2016 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.15 No.12
<P>Increasing evidence has indicated that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at the advanced stage of liver cancer not only has the ability to self-renew and progress cancer, but also enables greater resistance to conventional chemo-and radiotherapies. Here, we report that ascochlorin (ASC), an isoprenoid antibiotic, could potentiate the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin on HCCLM3, SNU387, SNU49, and SK-Hep-1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which had a predominantly mesenchymal signature with low expression of E-cadherin but high expression of N-cadherin. Co-administration of ASC reduced doxorubicin-induced invasion/migration and modulated EMT characteristics in mesenchymal cells. This process was probably mediated by the E-cadherin repressors Snail and Slug. In addition, ASC increased sensitivity to doxorubicin treatment by directly inhibiting STAT3 binding to the Snail promoter. We also observed that ASC significantly enhanced the effect of doxorubicin against tumor growth and inhibited metastasis in an HCCLM3_Luc orthotopic mouse model. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ASC can increase sensitivity to doxorubicin therapy and reverse the EMT phenotype via the downregulation of STAT3-Snail expression, which could form the basis of a novel therapeutic approach against hepatocellular carcinoma. (C) 2016 AACR.</P>
Chang, Y.T.,Coombs, G.,Ling, T.,Balaji, V.,Rodrigues, C.,Mikamo, H.,Kim, M.J.,Rajasekaram, D.G.,Mendoza, M.,Tan, T.Y.,Kiratisin, P.,Ni, Y.,Barry, W.,Xu, Y.,Chen, Y.H.,Hsueh, P.R. Elsevier Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Pub 2017 International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents Vol.49 No.6
This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) from 2010-2013. A total of 17 350 isolates were collected from 54 centres in 13 countries in the APR. The three most commonly isolated GNB were Escherichia coli (46.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%). Overall, the rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 38.2% and 24.3%, respectively, and they were highest in China (66.6% and 38.7%, respectively), Thailand (49.8% and 36.5%, respectively) and Vietnam (47.9% and 30.4%, respectively). During 2010-2013, the rates of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates causing community-associated (CA) IAIs (collected <48@?h after admission) were 26.0% and 13.5%, respectively, and those causing hospital-associated (HA) IAIs were 48.0% and 30.6%, respectively. Amikacin, ertapenem and imipenem were the most effective agents against ESBL-producing isolates. Piperacillin/tazobactam displayed good in vitro activity (91.4%) against CA ESBL-producing E. coli. For other commonly isolated Enterobacteriaceae, fluoroquinolones, cefepime and carbapenems exhibited better in vitro activities than third-generation cephalosporins. Amikacin possessed high in vitro activity against all GNB isolates (>80%) causing IAIs, except for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex (30.9% for HA-IAI isolates). All of the antimicrobial agents tested exhibited <45% in vitro activity against ACB complex. Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent threat in the APR and continuous monitoring of evolutionary trends in the susceptibility patterns of GNB causing IAIs in this region is mandatory.
Hoover-Fong, J.,Sobreira, N.,Jurgens, J.,Modaff, P.,Blout, C.,Moser, A.,Kim, O.H.,Cho, T.J.,Cho, S.,Kim, S.,Jin, D.K.,Kitoh, H.,Park, W.Y.,Ling, H.,Hetrick, Kurt N.,Doheny, Kimberly F.,Valle, D.,Pauli University of Chicago Press [etc.] 2014 American journal of human genetics Vol.94 No.1
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasias (SMD) constitute a rare group of bone disorders. Two members of the SMD group have distinctive ophthalmologic manifestations: SMD with cone-rod dystrophy (SMD-CRD; MIM 608940) and axial SMD with retinal degeneration (MIM 602271). Additional features of SMD-CRD include rhizomelia, lower extremity bowing, evolving anterior vertebral protrusions, metaphyseal cupping, and progressive visual impairment with pigmentary maculopathy and electroretinographic evidence of cone-rod dysfunction. Affected siblings have been described, thus suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. Here eight individuals from 6 unrelated families with SMD-CRD were submitted to the Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics (BHCMG). Patients 1, 2, 4-6 (Walters et al, 2004) and 7 (Kitoh et al, 2011) were described previously. Patient 8 has not reached final adult height, but is short for his age (Z=-7.6) with lower extremity bowing and diagnosis of retinal dystrophy affecting both cones and rods made at age 45 months. Using WES and targeted Sanger sequencing, we found 8 rare PCYT1A variants (1 nonsense, 1 frame shifting indel, and 6 missense variants) present either in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state in all 8 individuals. PCYT1A encodes the alpha isoform of an enzyme known as CTP (phosphocholine cytidylytransferase), essential for phosphotidylcholine synthesis. Mutations in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism have been implicated in other dysplasias (e.g. RCDP and Conradi-Hunermann), as well as retinal disease where there are deficient or abnormal fatty acids (e.g. eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid). Further examination of phospholipid metabolism may lead to the genetic etiology of other SMDs, particularly those with ocular manifestations.
Risk factors for child physical abuse and neglect among Chinese young mothers
Lo, Camilla K.M.,Tung, Keith T.S.,Chan, Ko Ling,Yip, Paul S.F.,Lau, Joseph T.F.,Wong, Wilfred H.S.,Wong, Rosa S.,Tsang, Anita M.C.,Tsang, Hannah Y.H.,Tso, Winnie W.Y.,Ip, Patrick Elsevier 2017 Child abuse & neglect Vol.67 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although studies have reported a linkage between young pregnancy and child maltreatment risk, it is still unclear about what factors place young mothers at greater risk of maltreating their child in Chinese context. Based on the socio-ecological model, risk factors in 4 domains: family background/structure, maternal stressors, mother-child interaction, and child behavioral issue in relation to physical assault, neglect, both physical assault and neglect, and either physical assault or neglect among Chinese young mothers in Hong Kong were assessed. 392 young mothers were recruited from an integrated supportive program for young mothers. The mean age of mothers at delivery was 21.8 (SD=3.0) and 52.3% were married. Individual risk factors and cumulative risk domains related to different child maltreatment groups were examined. Our results show both overlapping and unique risk factors across the domains associated with physical assault and neglect. Further, young families exposed to higher number of risk domains show higher rates for physical assault and neglect, co-occurrence of physical assault and neglect, and either form of maltreatment. In addition, various risk domains were found to be particularly important for different forms of maltreatment: family background/structure domain was found to be an important risk domain for neglect; mother-child interaction domain for both physical assault and neglect; family background/structure and maternal stressors domains for either physical assault or neglect. Closer examination of a subgroup of adolescent mothers aged 18 and below shows that family background/structure was an important risk domain for this group.</P>