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Li Zheng,Zhang Zi-Hao,Wang Jin-Song,Wang Kang-Tao,Guo Xiao-Qiang,Fan Dao-Hu,Sun He-Xu 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.5
Aiming at the problem that the load disturbance generated by the permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) control system will affect its control performance and the load thrust of the PMSLM cannot be observed well, this design proposes two different load disturbance observers, namely the traditional Luenberger observer and novel internal model control (IMC) observer. The IMC observer observes the load disturbance in the form of proportional and integral, which can effectively improve the identification convergence speed and the compensation control effect. While observing the load disturbance, the two observers in this design can also use the generated thrust current compensation as the feedforward compensation of the system, to achieve disturbance suppression and effectively improve the control performance and robustness of the system. The PMSLM control system based on two observers is built in the simulation platform and the superiority of the designed control system is verified. Through the comparison and verification of the two observers and the no-observer system, it can be concluded that the control strategy can accurately track the load disturbance in the PMSLM, simplify the overall structure of the system, and effectively enhance the anti-disturbance capability and dynamic response capability of the PMSLM.
Xiao-Long Li,Yi-Kang Sun,Qiao Wang,Zi-Tong Chen,Zhe-Bin Qian,Le-Hang Guo,Hui-Xiong Xu 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.4
Purpose: This study investigated the value of synchronous tele-ultrasonography (TUS) for naive operators in thyroid ultrasonography (US) examinations.Methods: Ninety-seven patients were included in this prospective, parallel-controlled trial. Thyroid scanning and diagnosis were completed by resident A independently, resident B with guidance from a US expert through synchronous TUS, and an on-site US expert. The on-site expert’s findings constituted the reference standard. Two other off-site US experts analyzed all data in a blind manner. Inter-operator consistency between the two residents and the on-site US expert for thyroid size measurements, nodule measurements, nodule features, American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) categories, and image quality was compared. Two questionnaires were completed to evaluate the clinical benefit.Results: Resident B detected more nodules consistent with the on-site expert than resident A did (89.4% vs. 56.5%, P<0.001). Resident B achieved excellent consistency with the on-site expert in terms of ACR TI-RADS categories, nodule composition, shape, echogenic foci, and vascularity (all intra-class correlation coefficients [ICCs] >0.75), while resident A achieved lower consistency in ACR TI-RADS categories, composition, echogenicity, margin, echogenic foci, and vascularity (all ICCs 0.40-0.75). Residents A and B had excellent consistency in target nodule measurements (all ICCs >0.75). Resident B achieved better performance than resident A for gray values, time gain compensation, depth, color Doppler adjustment, and the visibility of key information (all P<0.05). Furthermore, 61.9% (60/97) of patients accepted synchronous TUS, and 59.8% (58/97) patients were willing to pay for it.Conclusion: Synchronous TUS can help inexperienced residents achieve comparable thyroid diagnostic capability to a US expert.
Kim, Jinmahn,Yeon, Jihye,Choi, Seong-Kyoon,Huh, Yang Hoon,Fang, Zi,Park, Seo Jin,Kim, Myoung Ok,Ryoo, Zae Young,Kang, Kyeongjin,Kweon, Hee-Seok,Jeon, Won Bae,Li, Chris,Kim, Kyuhyung Public Library of Science 2015 PLoS genetics Vol.11 No.8
<▼1><P>The expression of specific transcription factors determines the differentiated features of postmitotic neurons. However, the mechanism by which specific molecules determine neuronal cell fate and the extent to which the functions of transcription factors are conserved in evolution are not fully understood. In <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I>, the cholinergic and peptidergic SMB sensory/inter/motor neurons innervate muscle quadrants in the head and control the amplitude of sinusoidal movement. Here we show that the LIM homeobox protein LIM-4 determines neuronal characteristics of the SMB neurons. In <I>lim-4</I> mutant animals, expression of terminal differentiation genes, such as the cholinergic gene battery and the <I>flp-12</I> neuropeptide gene, is completely abolished and thus the function of the SMB neurons is compromised. LIM-4 activity promotes SMB identity by directly regulating the expression of the SMB marker genes via a distinct <I>cis</I>-regulatory motif. Two human LIM-4 orthologs, LHX6 and LHX8, functionally substitute for LIM-4 in <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I>. Furthermore, <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I> LIM-4 or human LHX6 can induce cholinergic and peptidergic characteristics in the human neuronal cell lines. Our results indicate that the evolutionarily conserved LIM-4/LHX6 homeodomain proteins function in generation of precise neuronal subtypes.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>The correct generation and maintenance of the nervous system is critical for the animal’s life. Dysregulation of these processes leads to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. It has been a daunting challenge not only to identify the developmental mechanisms that determine neuronal cell fate, but also to understand the extent to which the mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. Here, we describe a developmental mechanism that determines the fate of a specific cholinergic and peptidergic neuronal type in <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I>. We show that the <I>lim-4</I> LIM homeodomain transcription factor is necessary and sufficient to promote and maintain the specific cholinergic and peptidergic properties and functions via binding to unique DNA sequences. We also demonstrate that <I>C</I>. <I>elegans lim-4</I> and human <I>LHX6</I> show striking functional similarity; specifically, <I>C</I>. <I>elegans</I> LIM-4 or human LHX6 can induce cholinergic and peptidergic characteristics in human neuronal cell lines. Given the high conservation of these transcription factors, these developmental mechanisms are likely to be generally applicable in the nervous system of other organisms as well.</P></▼2>
Du, Wei,Ma, Xue-Lei,Zhao, Chong,Liu, Tao,Du, Yu-Liang,Kong, Wei-Qi,Wei, Ben-Ling,Yu, Jia-Yun,Li, Yan-Yan,Huang, Jing-Wen,Li, Zi-Kang,Liu, Lei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides in length that function as negative gene regulators. MiRNAs play roles in most biological processes, as well as diverse human diseases including cancer. Recently, many studies investigated the association between SNPs in miR-146a rs2910164, miR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-149 rs229283, miR-499 rs3746444 and colorectal cancer (CRC), which results have been inconclusive. Methodology/Principal Findings: PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI databases were searched with the last search updated on November 5, 2013. For miR-196a2 rs11614913, a significantly decreased risk of CRC development was observed under three genetic models (dominant model: OR = 0.848, 95%CI: 0.735-0.979, P = 0.025; recessive model: OR = 0.838, 95%CI: 0.721-0.974, P = 0.021; homozygous model: OR = 0.754, 95%CI: 0.627-0.907, P = 0.003). In the subgroup analyses, miR-$196a2^*T$ variant was associated with a significantly decreased susceptibility of CRC (allele model: OR = 0.839, 95%CI: 0.749-0.940, P = 0.000; dominant model: OR = 0.770, 95%CI: 0.653-0.980, P = 0.002; recessive model: OR = 0.802, 95%CI: 0.685-0.939, P = 0.006; homozygous model: OR = 0.695, 95%CI: 0.570-0.847, P = 0.000). As for miR-149 rs2292832, the two genetic models (recessive model: OR = 1.199, 95% CI 1.028-1.398, P = 0.021; heterozygous model: OR = 1.226, 95% CI 1.039-1.447, P = 0.013) demonstrated increased susceptibility to CRC. On subgroup analysis, significantly increased susceptibility of CRC was found in the genetic models (recessive model: OR = 1.180, 95% CI 1.008-1.382, P = 0.040; heterozygous model: OR = 1.202, 95% CI 1.013-1.425, P = 0.013) in the Asian group. Conclusions: These findings supported that the miR-196a2 rs11614913 and miR-149 rs2292832 polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to CRC.