사례 분석을 통한 캐릭터의 법적 보호 방법에 관한 고찰 -카카오와 라인을 중심으로-

서지원 ( Seo¸ Jiwon ),김이진 ( Kim¸ Lee Jin ) 한국기초조형학회 2021 기초조형학연구 Vol.22 No.4

캐릭터 디자이너에게 창작물에 대한 법적 보호는 중요하다. 캐릭터의 보호에 관한 기존 연구들은 실무적인 질문에 대하여 답을 얻기에는 다소 추상적이다. 본고에서는 캐릭터 디자이너에게 실무상 효율적으로 자신의 캐릭터에 대한 보호를 추구하는 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 캐릭터를 보호하기 위한 법률을 살펴보았다. 이어서 현재 상업적으로 성공한 캐릭터의 대표적 사례로 볼 수 있는 카카오와 라인의 캐릭터를 연구 대상 사례로 선정하고 이를 분석하였다. 구체적으로, 캐릭터를 보호하기 위한 법률에는 크게 저작권법과 산업재산권 관련법인 상표법, 디자인보호법이 있다. 따라서 본 고에서는 저작권법과 상표법, 디자인보호법이 캐릭터의 어느 면을 보호하는지를 간략히 소개하였다. 그리고 저작권법, 상표법, 디자인보호법에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 카카오와 라인의 캐릭터에 대한 저작권, 상표권, 디자인권 세부 사항을 분석하고 그 내용을 소개하였다. 1)저작권의 경우, 카카오는 모든 캐릭터에 대해 저작권을 등록하였고, 라인은 두 번째 공개한 BT21은 저작권 등록을 했지만, 첫 번째 공개 캐릭터인 라인 프렌즈에서는 저작권 등록에 소극적이었다. 2)상표권은 상표 형태에 따라 여러 종류가 있는데, 본고에서는 캐릭터와 관련된 상표로 문자상표, 도형상표, 도형복합상표를 다루었다. 카카오는 첫 번째 캐릭터인 카카오 프렌즈에서는 상표 획득에 시행착오를 겪은 것으로 보이지만, 두 번째 캐릭터인 니니즈에서는 모든 캐릭터에 대해 문자상표와 도형상표를 획득하였다. 라인은 저작권 뿐 아니라 문자상표, 도형상표 출원에도 소극적인 모습을 보였지만, 모든 캐릭터에 대해 도형복합상표를 등록하였다. 3)디자인권의 경우, 카카오는 모든 캐릭터를 3차원으로 입체화시킨 인형(완구)과 화상디자인을 출원하였다. 반면 라인은 모든 캐릭터를 출원하기보다는 등록이 필요할 상품을 출원하는 전략을 택한 것으로 보인다. 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 효율적인 권리 획득 전략을 제안하였다. It is important for a character designer to get legal protection of its character. Existing studies regarding protection of character are somewhat abstract to practical questions on how to obtain such legal protection and which route should be taken. This study suggested an effective method for protection of characters to designers. For this, the relevant laws for protection of charaters are first discussed. Subsequently, Kakao and Line characters, which can be seen as representative examples of commercially successful characters, were selected as the subject of study and analyzed. Specifically, laws for protection of character include the Copyright law, and the Intellectual Property laws such as the Trademark law and the Design right law. Therefore, first what aspect of characters is protected by the relevant laws are summarized here, and based on the understanding of the laws, the details of copyrights, trademarks, and designs of Kakao and Line’s characters are analyzed and the results are provided. 1)As for copyright, Kakao obtained registration of all its characters, and Line obtained registration of BT21 as its second published character group but took a passive attitude toward Line Friends as its first character group. 2)As for Trademark, several types exist, and this article addressed word mark, figurative mark, and composite trademark. Kakao seems to have undergone trial and error about its first character group, Kakao Friends, but obtained word mark and figurative mark of all characters of Niniz as its second character group. Line showed a passive attitude toward word mark and figurative mark as well as copyright, but obtained composite trademark for all its characters. 3)As for design right, Kakao filed applications of all characters by making them 3-dimentional structures while designating toy and graphic design on display panel as the products using the character. On the contrary, Line seems to have taken strategy to file applications of only the products that need registration of right, rather than obtaining of rights for all its characters. Effective strategy for obtaining rights was suggested in this article based on the analysis results above.

태음조위탕(太陰調胃湯) 약물 가감(加減) 원리

신승원,이지원,황민우,이준희,고병희,이의주,Shin, Seungwon,Lee, Jiwon,Hwang, Minwoo,Lee, Junhee,Koh, Byunghee,Lee, Euiju 사상체질의학회 2016 사상체질의학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Objectives This study aimed at proposing a hypothetical principle to add or abstract herbs for modifying Taeeumjowi-tang.Method Based on Jema Lee's literatures such as Dongyisusebowon and Dongyisasangsipyeon, we analyzed contents related to Taeeumjowi-tang and its modification. Moreover, we reviewed physiological and pathological pecularities of Taeeumin symptomatology and applied the theory to induce the principle of the modified Taeeumjowi-tang in Sasang medicine.Results and Conclusions 1) We have found 10 modified Taeeumjowi-tang from Dongyisasangsipyeon. 2) Mahwangjowi-tang (麻黃調胃湯), Gogijowi-tang (固氣調胃湯), Shingijowi-tang (腎氣調胃湯), Euiyiinjowi-tang (薏苡仁調胃湯), Gamijowi-tang (加味調胃湯), and Gyeongheomjowi-tang (經驗調胃湯) are modified for Taeeumin who have original symptoms of more severe cold tendency. Especially, Gogijowi-tang helps to circulate energy-fluid from esophagus to skin, while Shingijowi-tang directly aids the function of esophagus. 3) Seungjijowi-tang (升芷調胃湯), Seunggeumjowi-tang (升芩調胃湯), Seunggijowi-tang (承氣調胃湯), and Jowisokmyung-tang (調胃續命湯) are modified for Taeeumin who have originally cold symtoms, accompanied by heat tendencies. Especially, Seungjijowi-tang helps to eliminate mild heat existing throughout skin and flesh, while Seunggeumjowi-tang gets rid of severe heat swarming in the flesh parts. Seunggijowi-tang can take away the most severe heat symptoms in the whole body

Optimal anesthesia protocols for successful intraoperative neuromonitoring during thyroid surgery

Jiwon Lee(Jiwon Lee),Jung-Man Lee(Jung-Man Lee),Young Jun Chai(Young Jun Chai) 대한신경모니터링학회 2022 Journal of Neuromonitoring & Neurophysiology Vol.2 No.2

There are several factors related to anesthesia that are required for successful intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery, including proper placement of endotracheal tube, adequate neuromuscular blockade, use of appropriate neuromuscular blockade reversal agent, and pain management. In this review, we summarize the anesthesia issues related to IONM during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

IntraBrain Injector (IBI): A Stereotactic-Guided Device for Repeated Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Into the Brain Parenchyma

Jeongmin Lee,Sangwook Lee,Wooram Jung,Guk Bae Kim,Taehun Kim,Jiwon Seong,장혜민,Young Noh,Na Kyung Lee,Boo Rak Lee,Jung-Il Lee,Soo Jin Choi,Wonil Oh,Namkug Kim,Seunghoon Lee,Duk L. Na 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.31

Background: To deliver therapeutics into the brain, it is imperative to overcome the issue of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). One of the ways to circumvent the BBB is to administer therapeutics directly into the brain parenchyma. To enhance the treatment efficacy for chronic neurodegenerative disorders, repeated administration to the target location is required. However, this increases the number of operations that must be performed. In this study, we developed the IntraBrain Injector (IBI), a new implantable device to repeatedly deliver therapeutics into the brain parenchyma. Methods: We designed and fabricated IBI with medical grade materials, and evaluated the efficacy and safety of IBI in 9 beagles. The trajectory of IBI to the hippocampus was simulated prior to surgery and the device was implanted using 3D-printed adaptor and surgical guides. Ferumoxytol-labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were injected into the hippocampus via IBI, and magnetic resonance images were taken before and after the administration to analyze the accuracy of repeated injection. Results: We compared the planned vs. insertion trajectory of IBI to the hippocampus. With a similarity of 0.990 ± 0.001 (mean ± standard deviation), precise targeting of IBI was confirmed by comparing planned vs. insertion trajectories of IBI. Multiple administrations of ferumoxytol-labeled MSCs into the hippocampus using IBI were both feasible and successful (success rate of 76.7%). Safety of initial IBI implantation, repeated administration of therapeutics, and long-term implantation have all been evaluated in this study. Conclusion: Precise and repeated delivery of therapeutics into the brain parenchyma can be done without performing additional surgeries via IBI implantation.

Phenothiazine-based organic dyes with two anchoring groups on TiO₂ for highly efficient visible light-induced water splitting

Lee, Jeho,Kwak, Jiwon,Ko, Kyoung Chul,Park, Ji Hoon,Ko, Ju Hong,Park, Nojin,Kim, Eunchul,Ryu, Do Hyun,Ahn, Tae Kyu,Lee, Jin Yong,Son, Seung Uk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.93

<P>New phenothiazine-based organic dyes with two anchoring groups at 3,7 positions and systematic alkyl chains on nitrogen were prepared. Their TiO<SUB>2</SUB>–Pt composites showed excellent photo-catalytic activities in visible light-induced water splitting. Interestingly, phenothiazine dyes with longer alkyl chains showed better stability in catalytic systems.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>New phenothiazine-based organic dyes with two anchoring groups were prepared and their TiO<SUB>2</SUB>–Pt composites showed promising photo-catalytic activities in visible light driven water splitting. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc36501d'> </P>

Particle–Film Plasmons on Periodic Silver Film over Nanosphere (AgFON): A Hybrid Plasmonic Nanoarchitecture for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Lee, Jiwon,Zhang, Qianpeng,Park, Seungyoung,Choe, Ayoung,Fan, Zhiyong,Ko, Hyunhyub American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.1

<P>Plasmonic systems based on particle-film plasmonic couplings have recently attracted great attention because of the significantly enhanced electric field at the particle-film gaps. Here, we introduce a hybrid plasmonic architecture utilizing combined plasmonic effects of particle-film gap plasmons and silver film over nanosphere (AgFON) substrates. When gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are assembled on AgFON substrates with controllable particle-film gap distances, the AuNP-AgFON system supports multiple plasmonic couplings from interparticle, particle-film, and crevice gaps, resulting in a huge surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) effect. We show that the periodicity of AgFON substrates and the particle-film gaps greatly affects the surface plasmon resonances, and thus, the SERS effects due to the interplay between multiple plasmonic couplings. The optimally designed AuNP-AgFON substrate shows a SERS enhancement of 233 times compared to the bare AgFON substrate. The ultrasensitive SERS sensing capability is also demonstrated by detecting glutathione, a neurochemical molecule that is an important antioxidant, down to the 10 pM level.</P>

Direct Conversion of CO₂ to α-Farnesene Using Metabolically Engineered Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942

Lee, Hyun Jeong,Lee, Jiwon,Lee, Sun-Mi,Um, Youngsoon,Kim, Yunje,Sim, Sang Jun,Choi, Jong-il,Woo, Han Min American Chemical Society, Books and Journals Divi 2017 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.65 No.48

<P> Direct conversion of carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) to value-added chemicals by engineering of cyanobacteria has received attention as a sustainable strategy in food and chemical industries. Herein, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, a model cyanobacterium, was engineered to produce α-farnesene from CO<SUB>2</SUB>. As a result of the lack of farnesene synthase (FS) activity in the wild-type cyanobacterium, we metabolically engineered S. elongatus PCC 7942 to express heterologous FS from either Norway spruce or apple fruit, resulting in detectable peaks of α-farnesene. To enhance α-farnesene production, an optimized methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway was introduced in the farnesene-producing strain to supply farnesyl diphosphate. Subsequent cyanobacterial culture with a dodecane overlay resulted in photosynthetic production of α-farnesene (4.6 ± 0.4 mg/L in 7 days) from CO<SUB>2</SUB>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the photosynthetic production of α-farnesene from CO2 in the unicellular cyanobacterium S. elongatus PCC 7942. </P>

pH-tunable plasmonic properties of Ag nanoparticle cores in block copolymer micelle arrays on Ag films

Lee, Jiwon,Yoo, Seugmin,Shin, Myoungsoo,Choe, Ayoung,Park, Soojin,Ko, Hyunhyub The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.3 No.22

<▼1><P>Particle-on-film plasmonic systems provide interesting plasmonic properties, which can be easily tuned by controlling the particle–film gaps.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Particle-on-film plasmonic systems provide interesting plasmonic properties, which can be easily tuned by controlling the particle–film gaps. However, there has been no study on the active control of gap distances and the resulting plasmonic properties in response to the external stimuli. In this study, we introduce a particle–film plasmonic system with the ability of active control of particle–film gap distances and thus the plasmonic properties based on pH-responsive block copolymer micelle–metal monolayer arrays on metal films. We synthesize pH-sensitive polystyrene-<I>block</I>-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-<I>b</I>-P4VP) spherical micelles that contain Ag nanoparticles in the micellar core. Then, we demonstrate that the pH-sensitive micelle monolayer films on Ag films modulate gap distances between the Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) within micelle cores and Ag films, leading to great changes in particle–film plasmon couplings (gap plasmons) that strongly influence the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal. The suggested plasmonic system with dynamic plasmonic properties will play a critical role in diverse applications such as chemical and biosensors, diagnostics, and smart optical devices.</P></▼2>

Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: Splitting of the Photoluminescence Peaks of CsPbBr₃ and CsPb(Br/I)₃ Quantum Dots at Low Temperature

Lee, See Mak,Moon, Cheol Joo,Lim, Hyunseob,Lee, Younki,Choi, Myong Yong,Bang, Jiwon American Chemical Society 2017 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.121 No.46

<P>We investigated the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) properties of colloidal CsPbX<SUB>3</SUB> (X = Br, I, and mixed Br/I) quantum dot (QD) samples in the 30–290 K temperature range. Temperature-dependent PL experiments reveal thermal quenching of PL, blue shifting of optical band gaps, and line width broadening for all CsPbX<SUB>3</SUB> QD samples with increasing temperature. Interestingly, side-peak emissions that are spectrally separated from the excitonic PL peaks were observed for both CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB> and CsPb(Br/I)<SUB>3</SUB> QD samples at temperatures below ∼250 K. The side-peak emission for the CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB> QD sample is located at a lower energy compared to the band-edge peak, whereas that of the Br-rich CsPb(Br/I)<SUB>3</SUB> alloy QD sample is located at a higher energy than that of the band-edge peak. We found that the CsPbBr<SUB>3</SUB> QDs have two emissive states, a band-edge state, and one involving shallow defects, which can be spectrally separated by narrowing the emission line widths at low temperature. In the case of the Br-rich CsPb(Br/I)<SUB>3</SUB> QD sample, the partial halide-segregation-induced heterogeneity of the alloy phase within the ensemble at low temperature leads to blue-shifted radiative recombination channels.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2017/jpccck.2017.121.issue-46/acs.jpcc.7b06301/production/images/medium/jp-2017-063016_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp7b06301'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Tailoring surface plasmons of high-density gold nanostar assemblies on metal films for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Lee, Jiwon,Hua, Bo,Park, Seungyoung,Ha, Minjeong,Lee, Youngsu,Fan, Zhiyong,Ko, Hyunhyub The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.1

Plasmonic systems based on metal nanoparticles on a metal film have generated great interest for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) chemical sensors. In this study, we describe the fabrication of ultrasensitive SERS substrates based on high-density gold nanostar assemblies on silver films with tailored surface plasmons, where multiple field enhancements from particle-film and interparticle plasmon couplings and lightening rod effects of sharp tips of nanostars contribute to the enormous Raman enhancements. We show that the interplay between interparticle and particle-film plasmon couplings of high-density gold nanostars (GNSs) on metal and dielectric films as a function of interparticle separation can be tailored to provide maximum SERS effects. We observe that the SERS enhancement factor (EF) of GNSs on a metal film as a function of interparticle separation follows a broken power law function, where the EF increases with the interparticle separation for the strong interparticle coupling range below an interparticle separation of similar to 0.8 times the GNS size, but decreases for the weak interparticle coupling range (for an interparticle separation of >0.8 times the GNS size). Finally, we demonstrate the use of tailored plasmonic substrates as ultrasensitive SERS chemical sensors with an attomole level of detection capability of 2,4-dinitrotoluene, a model compound of nitroaromatic explosives.