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이광국(Lee Kwang-Kug),김청원(Kim Chung-Won) 한국주거환경학회 2005 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.3 No.1
The security of municipal competitiveness is the most important in the age of limitless competition of localization and globalization. The authority of city planning which has been exercised by central governments was mostly or is being transferred to local governments. At this point of time, it is no exaggeration to say that the creation of abundant and advanced municipal environment for 21st century ahead wholly depends on the efforts of local governments.<BR> The ecological model project was introduced as a connecting support and link between central and local governments. The ecological model project will play a role in city policies ahead as a win-win strategy. Therefore, this study is aimed at establishing the most preferentially required planning model during the propulsion of the ecological model city project.<BR> For the planning model establishment of the ecological city project, the security of purpose coincidence and public interest are required because the ecological city project is focused on efficient propulsion not like existing city development projects. For this, fund raising, citizen participation and citizen corporation should be preferentially considered from the aspect of project performance possibility. Also, the introduction of an evaluation monitoring system for appropriateness evaluation is needed.<BR> From the result of the planning model establishment of this study, the model was divided into 11 stage procedures such as problem recognition, suggestion & announcement of proposed sites for the project, evaluation & selection of proposed sites, drawing up of project performance guideline, drawing up & presentation of project plan, selection of project"s main body, drawing up of detailed project plan, examination & authentication of detailed project plan, project execution, evaluation & authentication of project execution, evaluation & authentication of after management.
Cystic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case of Undergoing Endoscopic Thyroid Lobectomy
Dong Hae Chung,Jae Yeon Seok,Yoo Seung Chung1,Eun Mee Oh1,Jung Won Ryu1,Young Don Lee1 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2015 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.15 No.1
On ultrasonography, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) shows hypoechogenicity, an irregular margin, a predominantly solid composition, and microcalcifications, similar to those observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MTC presenting as a cystic lesion is rare, and endoscopic thyroidectomy can be performed for benign thyroid masses and early stage PTC, however it is inappropriate for MTC regardless of cystic change. The authors report a case of cystic MTC found after endoscopic thyroid lobectomy and provide a review of the literature on this topic.
차윤엽 ( Yun Yeop Cha ),고연석 ( Youn Seok Ko ),이정한 ( Jung Han Lee ),정원석 ( Won Suk Chung ),신병철 ( Byung Cheul Shin ),전찬용 ( Chan Yong Jeon ),고호연 ( Ho Yeon Go ),선승호 ( Seong Ho Sun ),장보형 ( Bo Hyoung Jang ),송윤경 한방재활의학과학회 2013 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore the trends of Korean medical study on stress in the industrial worker. Methods : We received numbers of the studies about stress in the industrial worker from 6 Korean web databases, using key words such as ‘Industry AND Stress’, ‘Oriental medicine AND Stress’, ‘Worker AND Stress’, ‘Workplace AND Stress’. We received 12 research papers and they were analyzed and the journals, the authors, the contents of 3 classification of those research papers. Results : Among them, we had 6 reviews of Dept. of preventive medicine and Dept. of third medicine, college of Korean Medicine, Won-kwang University, and the rest of them were 6 reviews. We had 4 reviews of Korean Journal of Oriental Preventive Medical Society, 2 reviews of the Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine, 2 reviews of Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry and so on. According to the contents of reviews, we had 7 reviews of correlation of industrial worker and stress, 4 reviews of cause on the industrial worker’s stress and 1 case report. Conclusions : We reviewed the trends of Korean medical study on stress in the industrial worker. The stress in the industrial workers were related with the type of occupation, social psychology, drinking, smoking, the satisfaction of job, the harmony of organization.And we knew that the musculoskeletal pain was related to the industrial worker’s stress. In the future, abundant case studies, follow-up trials and RCTs should be done about the industrial worker’s stress.
우황청심원 관련 최근 연구 동향 : 국내 논문에 대한 고찰
이제원,백경민,백영두,임은영,장우석,전우현,정인권,Lee, Je-Won,Baek, Kyung-Min,Baek, Young-Doo,Im, Eun-Young,Chang, Woo-Seok,Cheon, Woo-Hyun,Chung, In-Kwon 대한한방내과학회 2010 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4
Objectives : Woohwangchungsim-won has been used for acute diseases such as cerebrovascular disease (stroke), heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects, significance & necessity of Woohwangchungsim-won in acute stages of these disease by reviewing Korean articles about Woohwangchungsim-won. Methods : Article searches were performed on 8 major Korean web article search engine from January 1980 to August 2010. There were no restrictions on the types of publication, including grey articles. Results : Forty-three articles were included. Twenty one were efficacy tests, thirteen were comparative efficacy tests, eight were toxicity tests, and one was new method development. Eighteen articles were multicenter studies and twenty five were single center studies. Thirty two articles were animal testing, only ten articles were clinical articles. Thirty seven articles presented the composition and quantity of Woohwangchungsim-won, but six did not. Conclusions : The results of Korean articles about Woohwangchungsim-won can not strongly support the effects, significance & necessity of Woohwangchungsim-won. More rigorous studies are required for determination of the effects of Woohwangchungsim-won.
우황청심원(牛黃淸心元)이 저산소증 유발 배양신경세포에 미치는 영향
조규선,신길조,문일수,이원철,정승현,Cho, Gyu-Seon,Shin, Gil-Cho,Moon, Il-Soo,Lee, Won-Chul,Chung, Sung-Hyun 대한한방내과학회 2001 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2
Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death of hypoxic E18 cortical neuroblast. Methods : To evaluate the effect of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death caused by hypoxia, the survival rate of E18 cortical neuroblast was measured with MTT assay and the changes of several synaptic proteins and enzymes were investigated with the immunoblot assays. Results : The E18 cortical neuroblasts were added 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and $5,000{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won. They showed neurotoxicity, when the concentration of Woohwangcheongsim-won was above $1,000{\mu}g/ml$. The E18 cortical neuroblasts, which were added 50, 100, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won, were exposed 98% $N_2/5%\;CO_2$ for 3 hours to induce hypoxia, 3 days later, the survival rate of $50{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won was 141.5% when compared to the control group. On the immuneblot assays, the expressions of ${\alpha}$CaMKII, NR2A, NR28, PDE2, PSD-95, and eEF-$1{\alpha}$ were increased in normoxia, but those of NR2A, NR2B were decreased in hypoxia when compared to the control group. Conclusions : The data shows that the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death of hypoxic E18 cortical neuroblast is a significant result.
Jun Bong Lee(Jun Bong Lee),Se Kye Kim(Se Kye Kim),Hyung Tae Lee(Hyung Tae Lee),Yeon Soo Chung(Yeon Soo Chung),Jae Won Song(Jae Won Song),Jang Won Yoon(Jang Won Yoon) 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.1
We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of the antimicrobial resistant Enterococcus isolates from the four major rivers of Korea in 2012. A total 316 surface water samples were collected from three distinct sites (nearby livestock farms, tributaries, and major rivers) at two different seasons (dry season: n = 76, wet season: n = 240). A total 654 bacterial cells were isolated from samples and their genus distribution were determined. We found that Gram-negative bacteria including various genera were prevalent (n = 522, 79.8%), and Enterococcus was the most common genus of Gram-positive bacteria (n = 119, 18.2%). The isolation rate of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in wet season, whereas that of Enterococcus isolates was higher in dry season. The prevalence of Enterococcus isolates was also higher nearby livestock farms than on tributaries and main rivers. Since Enterococcus isolate is a key indicator for animal fecal contamination, the following experiments focused on this microorganism. As compared to a previous report in 2006, the resistance rates in E. faecium to erythromycin (40.0% to 69.9%) and chloramphenicol (0% to 16.4%) were increased, whereas those to penicillin (56.0% to 4.1%) and teicoplanin (36.0% to 0%) were decreased. We also found that antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) E. faecium isolates from rivers and livestock samples shared similar pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, validating the transmission of AMR Enterococcus isolates from livestock to river. Taken together, this study provides us with detailed information about bacterial contamination status in four major rivers, and highlights the changes in AMR pattern of Enterococcus isolates, which are expected to have originated from livestock.
Lee, Seon Ae,Jung, Eun Byul,Lee, Seon Hwa,Kim, Yun Jeong,Bang, Hyoweon,Seo, Seong Jun,Choi, Young Wook,Kim, Manh Heun,Lee, Min Won,Lee, Chung Soo S. Karger AG 2012 Pharmacology Vol. No.
<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background and Purpose:</I></B> Microbial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Caffeoyl derivatives have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-triCQA) on the production of microbial product-induced inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes has not yet been studied. <B><I>Experimental Approach:</I></B> Using human keratinocytes, we investigated the effect of 3,4,5-triCQA on the LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in relation to the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Akt and ERK pathways. <B><I>Results:</I></B> 3,4,5-triCQA inhibited the LPS-induced expression of Toll-like receptor 4, and the production of cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes. 3,4,5-triCQA, Bay 11-7085, Aκt inhibitor and ERK inhibitor each attenuated the LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the NF-κB, Akt and ERK pathways.<B><I> Conclusions and Implications:</I></B> 3,4,5-triCQA may attenuate the LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like receptor 4 expression-mediated activation of the Akt, ERK and NF-κB pathways. 3,4,5-triCQA may exert a preventive effect against microbial product-induced inflammatory skin diseases.</P><P>Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
Lee, Kwan Sik,Byun, Kwan Soo,Chung, Young-Hwa,Paik, Seung Woon,Han, Joon-Yeol,Yoo, Kwon,Yoo, Hee-Won,Yoo, Byung Chul,Lee, Hyo-Suk S.Karger 2007 Intervirology Vol.50 No.4
<P><I>Objectives:</I> The objectives of the study were to evaluate the safety and antiviral activity of 24-week treatment with clevudine 30 mg in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients. Biochemical and serological responses were also assessed. <I>Method:</I> Twenty-one patients received clevudine 30 mg for 24 weeks and were followed up for another 24 weeks off therapy. <I>Results:</I> Median decreases from baseline in HBV DNA were 4.65 and 1.96 log<SUB>10</SUB> copies/ml at week 24 (end of treatment) and week 48 (24 weeks off therapy), respectively. Analysis of individual data showed that HBV DNA levels were below the lower limit of detection (300 copies/ml) by Amplicor PCR assay in 19, 57, 19 and 0% at week 12, 24, 34 and 48, respectively. The proportion of patients with normal ALT were 67, 81 and 75% at week 24 (end of treatment), 34 and 48 (24 weeks off therapy), respectively. The rates of HBeAg loss were 24 and 20% at week 24 and 48, respectively. No viral breakthrough during treatment was observed. <I>Conclusion:</I> Clevudine 30 mg treatment for 24 weeks was well tolerated and exhibited more potent antiviral activity and a higher ALT normalization rate than 12-week treatment with durable efficacy at week 24 off therapy.</P><P>Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>