Optimization of Enzymatic Pretreatment for the Production of Fermented Ginseng using Leaves, Stems and Roots of Ginseng

Kyunglae Cho,Hye Jin Woo,In Sook Lee,Jun Won Lee,Young Cheol Cho,Il Nam Lee,Hee Jeong Chae 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.1

This study sought to optimize the extraction and enzymatic treatment conditions of Panax ginseng leaves, stems, and roots for the production of fermented ginseng. The optimization enhanced the extraction of total saccharide, a nutrient and growth-activating factor for Lactobacillus bacteria. The hydrolysis of ginseng leaves, stems, and roots was tested with eight enzymes (Pentopan, Promozyme, Celluclast, Ultraflo, Pectinex, Ceremix, Viscozyme, and Tunicase). The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were statistically optimized by the experimental design. Optimal particle size of ginseng raw material was <0.15 ㎜, and optimal hydrolysis occurred at a pH of 5.0?5.5, a reaction temperature of 55?60℃, a Ceremix concentration of 1%, and a reaction time of 2 hr. Ceremix produced the highest dry matter yield and total saccharide extraction. Ginseng leaves were found to be the most suitable raw material for the production of fermented ginseng because they have higher carbohydrate and crude saponin contents than ginseng roots

Hydrolysis of Ginseng Leaf, Stem, Root using Complex Enzymes Containing Cellulase and Glucanase

CHO KYUNGLAE,WOO HYE JIN,Park KEUNHYOUNG,Lee IN SOOK,Lee JUN WON,Cho YOUNG CHEOL,Lee IL NAM,Chae HEE JEONG 한국생물공학회 2009 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

Effects of pre-fermentation enzyme treatments of leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng on Lactobacillus fermentation characteristics and ginsenoside metabolite formation

Kyunglae Cho,채희정,Hye Jin Woo,Keun Hyoung Park 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.1

The extraction and enzymatic treatment conditions of ginseng leaves, stems and roots for the production of fermented ginseng were optimized in order to enhance the extraction of oligosaccharide, which is a Lactobacillus growth-activating factor. Additionally, the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on Lactobacillus fermentation characteristics and metabolites of ginsenoside were investigated. The ginseng leaves were found to be more suitable for the raw material of fermented ginseng products because ginseng leaves have higher carbohydrate and crude saponin content than ginseng roots. The optimized conditions were found as particle size of ginseng raw material below 0.15 mm, pH 5.0-5.5, reaction temperature of 55-60 ℃, Ceremix concentration of 1%, and reaction time of 2 h. It was shown that the polysaccharides of ginseng were hydrolysed to oligosaccharide by the enzymatic hydrolysis of ginseng leaves, stems and roots. The total oligosaccharide content increased by the enzyme treatment up to 2.2-fold, 5.3-fold and 2.3-fold in ginseng leaves, stems and roots, respectively, compared to control (no treatment). It was found that the enzymatic treatment promoted the Lactobacillus growth, resulting in more significant change in total oligosaccharide consumption and total acidity. The content of several metabolites of ginsenoside, such as Compound K, Rg_1, Rh_1 and Rg_3, was selectively increased by combining the enzymatic treatment and Lactobacillus fermentation. Especially, in the case of enzyme treatment using ginseng leaves, Compound K formation was enhanced up to three-fold compared to control (no treatment). Moreover, in case of combined treatment of enzyme and fermentation, Compound K formation was significantly promoted up to ten-fold.

Quality and Salting Characteristics of Kimchi Cabbage (Brassica campestris)

Jungeun Cho,Kyunglae Cho,Hye-Young Seo,Young Bae Chung,Ji-Hee Yang,Mi-Ai Lee 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.5

홍삼박을 이용한 다당체 추출조건 최적화

탁근만(Keunman Tark),조경래(Kyunglae Cho),박근형(Keun Hyoung Park),손석민(Seok Min Son),채희정(Hee Jeong Chae) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.4

The extraction conditions for the production of red ginseng polysaccharide were proposed. The crude fiber content of red ginseng marc (RGM) (15.3%) was much higher than that of white ginseng (WG) (2.1%) and red ginseng (RG) (0.5%). Thus, RGM was selected as the raw material for polysaccharide production. The correlation between the particle size of RGM and the polysaccharide extraction was investigated with a correlation analysis using the SPSS package. The two parameters were found to have a significant correlation (p<0.01). The polysaccharide extraction increased as the particle size of RGM decreased. The optimal concentration of RGM was 6.66% (w/v). The extraction yield increased as both the extraction temperature and the extraction time increased. Finally, the extraction temperature and time were selected as 85℃ and 5 hrs, respectively. Consequently, the extraction conditions for polysaccharide production were optimized and statistically confirmed.

조향 시스템 안전평가기준 도출을 위한 운전자 조향휠 파지력 연구

홍석일(Seokil Hong),김도환(Dohwan Kim),구태윤(Taeyun Koo),조성근(Seongguen Cho),김경래(Kyunglae Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

The Steer-by-Wire system is expected to be an essential part of autonomous vehicles. The characteristic of the SbW system without mechanical connections requires ISO 26262 functional safety assessments to be carried out as they require high-level safety standards. Current vehicle safety assessments such as Hazard Metric Test and Safety Validation Test define the lateral acceleration or lateral deviation as criteria, however the results may be affected by the steering wheel grip force of each driver. Therefore, this study analyzed steering wheel grip force during driving of 56 subjects, and presented the objective safety assessment criteria. This study is expected to be used as a assessment criteria in the future when conducting Safety Validation Tests.

열이 동반된 첫 경련시의 뇌척수액검사

김정,이준수,이상은,최완석,한성룡,조경래,Kim, Jung,Lee, Jun Su,Lee, Sang Eun,Choi, Wan Suk,Han, Sung Ryoung,Cho, Kyunglae 대한소아청소년과학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.46 No.10

목 적: 열성경련을 증명하기 위해 반드시 뇌척수액 검사를 시행하여야 하는지, 또한 뇌척수액 검사를 유보한다면 유보할 수 있는 조건은 무엇인지 알기 위해 추적조사를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 만 4년간 열을 동반한 경련을 처음 경험하여 마산삼성병원 응급실로 내원한 생후 1개월 이상 5세 이하 환아 197명을 조사 대상으로 하였고 최초 관찰된 경련양상은 단순 열성경련 및 복합 열성경련으로 구분하였으며 각각의 경련형태에 따른 뇌수막염의 진단율을 조사했으며 또한 연령별, 계절별, 동반된 임상증세별, 그리고 혈액검사의 결과 등에 따른 뇌수막염의 빈도를 조사하였고 얻어진 자료는 chi-square test로 검정하였다. 결 과 : 총 197명의 열이 동반된 경련이 있었던 환아 중 7.6%에서 뇌수막염으로 진단되었고, 이 중 세균성 뇌수막염은 1례에 불과했으며, 단순 열성경련과 복합 열성경련에서 뇌수막염의 선택성은 없었고, 6개월 이하의 영아에서 뇌수막염의 발생률이 12.5 %로 비교적 높았고 남아에서 뇌수막염 빈도가 높았으며 뇌수막염의 빈도는 여름과 가을에 높았다. 해열된 후 외양적으로 양호한 전신상태인 경우에도 불구하고, 6.5%에서 뇌수막염이 나타났다. 오심과 구토증세가 있었던 경우 11%이었고 이 중 뇌수막염은 9.1%로 나왔으나 통계적 의미는 없었다. 그러나 첫 경련후 간헐적인 추가적 경련이 있었던 경우 33.3%에서 뇌수막염으로 진단되어 통계적 의의가 있었고 더구나 세균성 뇌수막염으로 진단된 1례의 경우 총 5차례의 추가적 경련과 빈번한 구역과 구토가 있었다. 결 론 : 열이 동반된 경련을 하는 환자에게서 뇌척수액 검사의 궁극적인 목적은 세균성 뇌수막염을 배제하는 것일 것이다. 그러나 세균성 뇌수막염이 열이 동반된 경련의 원인이 되는 경우는 극히 드물다는 것은 여러 연구에서도 언급되었고 본 조사에서도 이를 잘 입증하고 있다. 뇌척수액 검사의 목적이 세균성 뇌수막염을 밝히는데 있다고 한다면 몇몇 임상증세를 감안하여 소아과 전문의와 숙련된 간호사의 세심한 관찰만으로 뇌척수액 검사를 유보 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : We aimed to ascertain whether lumbar punctures should be done to prove febrile seizure, and to study what conditions can delay or abolish lumbar puncture. Methods : This retrospective study was done for four years, from January, 1996 to December, 1999. The subjects were the patients who visited Masan Samsung Hospital for the first convulsion with fever, and whose age ranged from 1-month to 5-years old. The total number of patients was 197. We investigated the rate of meningitis, which was classified by age, season, convulsion type, associated symptoms, and results of blood test. All data were tested chi-square. Results : The diagnosis rate of meningitis among all 197 patients was 7.6%, and of these only one patient was proved to have bacterial meningitis. The rate was high in the young(below 6 month), in males and in summer and autumn. Although the general appearance was good after resolution of the fever, the rate of meningitis was 6.5%. Patients with nausea and vomiting totalled 11%; 9.1% of them were diagnosed with meningitis. The diagnosis rate of meningitis in cases in which additional seizures took place were 33.3%. Conclusion : The ultimate goal of lumbar punctures in seizure patients with accompanying fever is to rule out bacterial meningitis, which, has been demonstrated to be rare. So we think that lumbar puncture can be postponed by close observation of pediatrics specialists and skilled nurses.