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Kyunglae Cho,Hye Jin Woo,In Sook Lee,Jun Won Lee,Young Cheol Cho,Il Nam Lee,Hee Jeong Chae 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.1
This study sought to optimize the extraction and enzymatic treatment conditions of Panax ginseng leaves, stems, and roots for the production of fermented ginseng. The optimization enhanced the extraction of total saccharide, a nutrient and growth-activating factor for Lactobacillus bacteria. The hydrolysis of ginseng leaves, stems, and roots was tested with eight enzymes (Pentopan, Promozyme, Celluclast, Ultraflo, Pectinex, Ceremix, Viscozyme, and Tunicase). The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were statistically optimized by the experimental design. Optimal particle size of ginseng raw material was <0.15 ㎜, and optimal hydrolysis occurred at a pH of 5.0?5.5, a reaction temperature of 55?60℃, a Ceremix concentration of 1%, and a reaction time of 2 hr. Ceremix produced the highest dry matter yield and total saccharide extraction. Ginseng leaves were found to be the most suitable raw material for the production of fermented ginseng because they have higher carbohydrate and crude saponin contents than ginseng roots
Kyunglae Cho,채희정,Hye Jin Woo,Keun Hyoung Park 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.1
The extraction and enzymatic treatment conditions of ginseng leaves, stems and roots for the production of fermented ginseng were optimized in order to enhance the extraction of oligosaccharide, which is a Lactobacillus growth-activating factor. Additionally, the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on Lactobacillus fermentation characteristics and metabolites of ginsenoside were investigated. The ginseng leaves were found to be more suitable for the raw material of fermented ginseng products because ginseng leaves have higher carbohydrate and crude saponin content than ginseng roots. The optimized conditions were found as particle size of ginseng raw material below 0.15 mm, pH 5.0-5.5, reaction temperature of 55-60 ℃, Ceremix concentration of 1%, and reaction time of 2 h. It was shown that the polysaccharides of ginseng were hydrolysed to oligosaccharide by the enzymatic hydrolysis of ginseng leaves, stems and roots. The total oligosaccharide content increased by the enzyme treatment up to 2.2-fold, 5.3-fold and 2.3-fold in ginseng leaves, stems and roots, respectively, compared to control (no treatment). It was found that the enzymatic treatment promoted the Lactobacillus growth, resulting in more significant change in total oligosaccharide consumption and total acidity. The content of several metabolites of ginsenoside, such as Compound K, Rg_1, Rh_1 and Rg_3, was selectively increased by combining the enzymatic treatment and Lactobacillus fermentation. Especially, in the case of enzyme treatment using ginseng leaves, Compound K formation was enhanced up to three-fold compared to control (no treatment). Moreover, in case of combined treatment of enzyme and fermentation, Compound K formation was significantly promoted up to ten-fold.
탁근만(Keunman Tark),조경래(Kyunglae Cho),박근형(Keun Hyoung Park),손석민(Seok Min Son),채희정(Hee Jeong Chae) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.4
The extraction conditions for the production of red ginseng polysaccharide were proposed. The crude fiber content of red ginseng marc (RGM) (15.3%) was much higher than that of white ginseng (WG) (2.1%) and red ginseng (RG) (0.5%). Thus, RGM was selected as the raw material for polysaccharide production. The correlation between the particle size of RGM and the polysaccharide extraction was investigated with a correlation analysis using the SPSS package. The two parameters were found to have a significant correlation (p<0.01). The polysaccharide extraction increased as the particle size of RGM decreased. The optimal concentration of RGM was 6.66% (w/v). The extraction yield increased as both the extraction temperature and the extraction time increased. Finally, the extraction temperature and time were selected as 85℃ and 5 hrs, respectively. Consequently, the extraction conditions for polysaccharide production were optimized and statistically confirmed.
조향 시스템 안전평가기준 도출을 위한 운전자 조향휠 파지력 연구
홍석일(Seokil Hong),김도환(Dohwan Kim),구태윤(Taeyun Koo),조성근(Seongguen Cho),김경래(Kyunglae Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6
The Steer-by-Wire system is expected to be an essential part of autonomous vehicles. The characteristic of the SbW system without mechanical connections requires ISO 26262 functional safety assessments to be carried out as they require high-level safety standards. Current vehicle safety assessments such as Hazard Metric Test and Safety Validation Test define the lateral acceleration or lateral deviation as criteria, however the results may be affected by the steering wheel grip force of each driver. Therefore, this study analyzed steering wheel grip force during driving of 56 subjects, and presented the objective safety assessment criteria. This study is expected to be used as a assessment criteria in the future when conducting Safety Validation Tests.
김정,이준수,이상은,최완석,한성룡,조경래,Kim, Jung,Lee, Jun Su,Lee, Sang Eun,Choi, Wan Suk,Han, Sung Ryoung,Cho, Kyunglae 대한소아청소년과학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.46 No.10
Purpose : We aimed to ascertain whether lumbar punctures should be done to prove febrile seizure, and to study what conditions can delay or abolish lumbar puncture. Methods : This retrospective study was done for four years, from January, 1996 to December, 1999. The subjects were the patients who visited Masan Samsung Hospital for the first convulsion with fever, and whose age ranged from 1-month to 5-years old. The total number of patients was 197. We investigated the rate of meningitis, which was classified by age, season, convulsion type, associated symptoms, and results of blood test. All data were tested chi-square. Results : The diagnosis rate of meningitis among all 197 patients was 7.6%, and of these only one patient was proved to have bacterial meningitis. The rate was high in the young(below 6 month), in males and in summer and autumn. Although the general appearance was good after resolution of the fever, the rate of meningitis was 6.5%. Patients with nausea and vomiting totalled 11%; 9.1% of them were diagnosed with meningitis. The diagnosis rate of meningitis in cases in which additional seizures took place were 33.3%. Conclusion : The ultimate goal of lumbar punctures in seizure patients with accompanying fever is to rule out bacterial meningitis, which, has been demonstrated to be rare. So we think that lumbar puncture can be postponed by close observation of pediatrics specialists and skilled nurses.