신이식후 발생하는 감염에 대한 고찰

김재필(Jae Phil Kim),조대옥(Dae Ok Cho),고경식(Kyung Sik Ko),안재형(Jai Hyung Ahn),이태원(Tae Won Lee),임천규(Chun Gyoo Ihm),김명재(Myung Jae Kim) 대한내과학회 1995 대한내과학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Objectives: Renal transplantation is a major therapeutic advance for patients with chronic renal failure. But recipients of renal transplantation are prone to infection with both common and unusual organisms. And infectious diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. This study was to analyze the infections in renal transplant recipients; its occurrence according to sites and organisms; comparison among immunosuppressive agents; prognostic differences of urinary tract infections(UTI) between those developed during 1 month after transplantation and those not developed; graft outcome; and patients mortality. Mothods: 181 renal transplant recipients were examined. They received renal transplantion between january 1979 and December 1992 at the Kyung-Hee University Hospital. 158 of them received transplantation from living-related donors, 22 from living-unrelated donors, and 1 from cadaver donor. Their age at the time of transplantation ranged from 14 to 66 years(mean 35.6 years), and the male to female ratio was 2.3: 1. The observation period ranged from 1 to 144 months(41.26±31.71, mean±S. D.). Results: 1) 110 recipients(60.7% of total) had 232 episodes of infectious complications whereas 71(39.3% of total) had no infectious episodes. About half of infectious episodes(128 episodes, 55.2% ) occurred during 1 month after transplantation. 2) The most common site of infection was urinary tract(138 episodes, 59.2%) whth the next sites coming in this order, bacteremia(32 episodes, 13.8%), pulmonary(21 episodes, 9.1%), and skin(21 episodes, 9.1%). 3) The causative organisms of UTI ranked in this order E. coli 21.7%, staphylococcus spp 14.5%, and pseudomonas spp 13.0%. 4) The causative organisms of bacteremia ranked in this order E. coli 34.4% salmonella spp 18.8%, pseudomonas spp 12.5 %, and staphylococcus spp 12.5%. 5) There was no significant differences of infectious episodes among immunosuppressive regimens. 6) Early UTI group(UTI occurred during 1 month after transplantation) recorded significantly higher incidence of urinary tract infections after 1 month that followed than non-UTI group. But there was no differences between two groups on graft and patients outcome. 7) The major cause of death was life-threatening infections(63.2 %). Conclusion: Most infections due to various organisms may occur during 1 month after transplantation. And still they constitute a major cause of death in renal transplant recipients.

사람 YB-1 유전자의 프로모터에 결합하는 핵인자에 관한 연구

김유리,한상원,류필열,김경근,안봉환,신부안 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.1

DRAM에서의 고전압 발생기

김필중,윤중현,라경태,김경호 木浦大學校 情報産業硏究所 1999 情報産業硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

Abandoned bad DRAM chips have increased by 1-2 bit defective cells after package with high integrated memory. To repair this 1-2 bit defective cells. an antiques repair method of electrical repair method is using instead of laser repair method. This antiques repair method require high voltage over 7v to program antiques element. In this paper, the high voltage generated in chip without added pin or pad. The high voltage generator was designed using not conventional MOS devices but pn diodes and stacked comb capacitors. Threshold voltage of pn diode is about 0.8v. and stacked comb capacitor have much capacitance of 5-6 times than conventional planar capacitor. The output voltage of designed high voltage generator are 7.4-8.4v. and the output current driveability is maximum 480㎂.

베이지안 강건성에 대한 고찰

윤용화,김경무,송필준 대구대학교 부설 과학교육연구소 1993 과학교육 Vol.6 No.-

Clozapine이 인체내에서 인간조직적합성항원에 미치는 영향

강병조,김문두,곽경필 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

The histocompatibillty antigen (human leukocyte antigen : HLA) has been used for organ transplantation, discrimination of one's real children and transfusion, etc. The objective of this study was to find out how dozapine affects HLA class I and II type in the humanbody when therapeutic doses are applied. The subject consists of 3 persons for lass I and class II They were administered for about 3 months with clozapine 157-250mg/day (mean dally dose 200mg). Analysis of HLA lass I type was the microcytotoxicity test of Terasaki and class II type was PCR method of Erhich. The results were as followings: Two of 3 were changed in HLA-A, B, C type. All three were not chanced in HLA-DR type. In conclusion, the short-term application, about 3 months, of therapeutic dose of clozapine is not considered to bring about changes in DNA level.

림프구에 대한 clozapine의 생체내 유전독성

임정호,곽경필,김문두,강병조 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

최근 난치성 정신분열증 환자에서 가장 효과적인 약으로 알려진 clozapine은 골수에 작용하여 심각한 부작용인 무과립 구증을 일으킬 수 있다. 무과립구증의 원인 및 기전에 대한 연구는 매우 많으나 현재까지 확실한 결론이 나지 않은 상태이다. 저자들은 clozapine의 이러한 골수 독성에 근거하여 clozapine이 인체내에서 염색체에 어떤 변화를 주는지 아닌지를 알아보기 위해 clozapine 단독치료를 시행한 환자에게서 치료전과 치료중에 얻어진 말초혈액 림프구를 배양하여 염색체에 어떤 변화가 생기는지를 조사하였으나, clozapine에 의한 염색체의 자발적인 변이는 관찰되지 않았다. Objective : Many drugs and environmental chemicals can induce aneuploidy or chromosome instability in vivo or in vitro. Modification of the fidelity of cellular division may occur via a variety of mechanisms and chemical interactions. The clozapine is new antipsychotic drug with superior effect than classic antipsychotics. But, it may produce agranulocytosis and seizure in some patients. Agranulocytosis is a serious side effect of this drug but the cause and mechanism of this side effect is not clearly explained. Some study suggested that oxidative stress can induce chromosome aberration and the other study suggested that clozapine produce free radical and it can induce oxidative stress on some kind of cells. Therefore we decided to investigate whether clozapine and its metabolites can induce genotoxic effect in vivo. Method : The patients were chronic schizophrenic patients without a treatment at least one year. Diagnosis was made by DSM-IV criteria and agreed by both of two psychiatrists. Blood sampling was done before the treatment and during the treatment with considerable time interval. We used peripheral blood lymphocyte culture method and we counted the numerical aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges. Results : Chromosome aberration was not detected in all samples. Conclusion : Clozapine did not induce spontaneous chromosome aberration to human lymphocytes in vivo.

임신 입덧에 의해 발증한 베르니케뇌증 환자에서 스테로이드 다량요법과 FLAIR MR기법

한영민,유도성,김영주,허필우,조경석,김달수,강준기 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.12

FET형 반도체 마이크로센서 개발(Ⅲ)

손병기,이흥락,박이순,조진호,이성필,최평,서화일,박재윤,송경은,김창수 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 연차보고서 Vol.1995 No.-

현재 의료진단, 화학공정의 모니터링이나 환경공학적 감시 및 제어 등의 분야에서 사용되고 있는 기존의 센서는 고가이며 용적이 클 뿐만 아니라 분석시간이 길고 사용하기 까다로운 것 등 여러 가지 문제점이 있다. 또한 측정환경에 영향을 주지 않을 만큼 충분히 작으며 빠른 분석시간을 가진 센서를 필요로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 센서들의 난점을 극복할 수 있는 새로운 형태의 FET형 전해질(electrolyte : H^+, K^+, Ca^2+, Na^+)센서소자 및 분석 시스템, 용존가스(O_2, CO_2)센서의 개발을 중점적으로 추진하였으며, FET형 압력센서, 습도센서 둥의 개별 FET형 센서에 관한 기초연구도 병행하였다. The conventional sensors have many problems such as high cost, large dimension, long analysis time and troublesome handling to apply to the fields of medical diagnosis, monitoring of chemical process and environmental monitoring/control. The main objects of this research are to develope a new FET type electrolyte(H^+, K^+, Ca^2+, Na^+)sensors, analysis system, and dissoved gas(O_2, CO_2)senors that can overcome the problems of the conventional sensors, and parallel basic researches on FET. type sensors such as pressure and humidity are also in progress.

Effect of self-assembled peptide–mesenchymal stem cell complex on the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model

Kim, Ji Eun,Lee, Sang Mok,Kim, Soo Hyun,Tatman, Phil,Gee, Albert O,Kim, Deok-Ho,Lee, Kyung Eun,Jung, Youngmee,Kim, Sang Jun Dove Medical Press 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.9 No.1

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in self-assembled peptide (SAP) hydrogels in a rat knee model for the prevention of osteoarthritis (OA) progression.</P><P><B>Materials and methods</B></P><P>Nanostructured KLD-12 SAPs were used as the injectable hydrogels. Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were used for the OA model. Ten rats were used for the evaluation of biotin-tagged SAP disappearance. Twenty-three rats were divided into four groups: MSC (n=6), SAP (n=6), SAP-MSC (n=6), and no treatment (n=5). MSCs, SAPs, and SAP-MSCs were injected into the knee joints 3 weeks postsurgery. Histologic examination, immunofluorescent staining, measurement of cytokine levels, and micro-computed tomography analysis were conducted 6 weeks after injections. Behavioral studies were done to establish baseline measurements before treatment, and repeated 3 and 6 weeks after treatment to measure the efficacy of SAP-MSCs.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Concentration of biotinylated SAP at week 1 was not significantly different from those at week 3 and week 6 (<I>P</I>=0.565). Bone mineral density was significantly lower in SAP-MSC groups than controls (<I>P</I>=0.002). Significant differences in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining between the control group and all other groups were observed. Caspase-8, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were diffusely stained in controls, whereas localized or minimal staining was observed in other groups. Modified Mankin scores were significantly lower in the SAP and SAP-MSC groups than in controls (<I>P</I>=0.001 and 0.013). Although not statistically significant, synovial inflammation scores were lower in the SAP (1.3±0.3) and SAP-MSC (1.3±0.2) groups than in controls (2.6±0.2). However, neither the cytokine level nor the behavioral score was significantly different between groups.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Injection of SAP-MSC hydrogels showed evidence of chondroprotection, as measured by the histologic grading and decreased expression of biochemical markers of inflammation and apoptosis. It also lowered subchondral bone mineral density, which can be increased by OA. This suggests that the SAP-MSC complex may have clinical potential to inhibit OA progression.</P>

Real-World Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Its Acceptability in High-Risk COVID-19 Patients

Kim Min-Kyung,Lee Kyung-Shin,Ham Sin Young,Choi Youn Young,Lee Eunyoung,Lee Seungjae,Lee Bora,Jeon Jaehyun,Chin BumSik,Kim Yeonjae,Kim Gayeon,Jang Hee-Chang,Choi Jae-Phil,Park Sang-Won 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.35

Background: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is highly effective in preventing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high-risk patients with mild-to-moderate severity. However, real-world performance data are limited, and the drug is not so acceptable to the COVID-19 patients at high risk who need it in Korea. Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, we conducted a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study on patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 at high risk for a severe disease who were hospitalized at four hospitals in South Korea from February 2022 to April 2022. A total of 236 patients in the treatment group (administered nirmatrelvir-ritonavir) and 236 in the matched control group (supportive care only) were analyzed for the primary outcome, i.e., the time to oxygen support-free survival. The secondary outcome was a composite result of disease progression. The reason for not prescribing nirmatrelvir-ritonavir to the indicated patients was also investigated. Results: The treatment group showed significantly longer oxygen support-free survival than the matched control group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.31; P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age (aHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00–1.07), National Early Warning Score-2 at admission (aHR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08–1.71), nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment, female sex (aHR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.88), and time from symptom onset to admission (aHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48–0.95) were significantly associated with oxygen therapy. However, none of the factors were related to the composite outcome. In the unmatched control group, 19.9% of 376 patients had documented explanations for nirmatrelvirritonavir non-prescription, and 44.0% of these were due to contraindication criteria. In the treatment group, 10.9% of patients discontinued the medication primarily because of adverse events (71.4%), with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most common (50.0%). Conclusion: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment significantly reduced oxygen therapy requirements in high-risk patients with COVID-19 during the omicron variant surge in South Korea. Physicians are encouraged to consider the active use of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and to be watchful for gastrointestinal symptoms during medication.