한국 학생들의 영어발음상의 문제점 분석연구

손경애 서원대학교 교육연구소 1999 敎育發展 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze English pronunciation problems for Korean students. The study contents are three fold: 1) to compare the sound systems of English and Korean. 2) to analyze English pronunciation errors made by Korean high school students, 3) to explore alternatives for improving English pronunciation in school curriculum. The study conducts English pronunciation error tests for 60 students from 3 high schools in Seoul, Korea. The researcher and one voluntary English teacher facilitate the tests. Each respondent's pronunciation is recorded by a tape recorder. In addition, 12 English teachers are interviewed. The interview data would be used for exploring alternatives for minimizing English pronunciation errors made by Korean school students. The study results from contrastive analysis showed that there were great differences between English and Korean sound systems. English obstruents are classified by voiced and voiceless, while Korean ones are classified by tense and lax, and aspirated and unaspirated. English affricates /f, v, □ / do not exist in Korean. Due to the differences between English and Korean sound systems. Korean students tend to transfer neighboring sounds of Korean to English in pronouncing English. Therefore, they tend to make errors pronouncing English. In this study, students were found to make 80-90% of errors in pronouncing the selected vowels of /i/□: /I/, /e/: /U/, /o/: /□ and consonants of /v/, / □/, / □/, / □/, / □/, / □/. To minimize these English pronunciation errors made by the Korean students, special effort should be exerted either at the school level or at the government level. At the school level. English teachers should teach their students the differences between English and Korean should systems. While teaching English pronunciation in class, teachers might use facial diagrams, tape recorders, and hand mirrors, etc. They should also develop various kinds of minimal pairs, sentences, and dialogues to practice English pronunciation. At the government level, the Korean Ministry of Education should give administrative and financial support. The Korean Ministry of Education should also provide schools with such facilities as language laboratories, audio systems, phonological analysis machines for Korean students to practice English pronunciation.

위스망스의 세계와 쇼펜하우어

손경애 德成女子大學校 1998 德成女大論文集 Vol.29 No.-

Huysmans n'avait pas une profonde connaissance de philosophie de Schopenhauer. Ⅱ l'a decouverte principalement par sa lecture d'un petit opuscule traduit par jean Bourdeau. Nous pouvons ainsi comprendre sa difficulte a saisir la pensee du philosophe. Cependant nous savons que Schopenhauer a une signification assez importante dans l'univers romanesque de Huysmans. En premier lieu, le pessimisme du philosophe lui permet d'attenuer ses propres souffrances; ilest le consolateur "des ames elevees", "des intelligences choisies". En second lieu, ce pessimisme est un des elements qui permet de classer les oeuvres de Huysmans en deux categories: laique et catholique. Nous voyons en effet le personnage Durtal apres sa conversion renier le pessimisme qui fut auparavant et parfois ecrit par Huysmans avec un P majuscule. De meme, l'auteur avant sa conversion admirait le pessimisme de Schopenhauer. Ⅱ va le situer au meme niveau que la Religion, il va les comparer et donner preference au pessimisme du philosophe. Alors qu'apres sa conversion, nous savons qu'il va rejeter ce qu'il avait auparavant glorifier. Puisque Huysmans semble ne pas avoir compris en profondeur l'oeuvre de Schopenhauer, il est difficile de parler d'une influence de ce dernier. Cependant nous pouvons dire que Huysmans introduit Schopenhauer dans son univers et qu'il essaye ainsi de donner une dimension philosophique a son propre travail.

사교육비 지출의 이론적 접근

손경애 서원대학교 교육연구소 1999 敎育發展 Vol.18 No.1

This study purported to analyze the consumption expenditure on private education of urban wage earner's households and to present theories to explain consumption expenditure on private education. The study utilized the data gathered by the National Statistical Office of Korea for the National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure. In order to analyze the consumption expenditure on private education and the differentials across decile consumption groups, the data of the first and second quarters of 1997 and 1998 were compared by monthly consumption decile groups. The study results showed that after IMF intervention consumption, expenditure on Private education, and the ratios of expenditure on private education to consumption were all decreased by 11.0%, 15.8%, 0.31%, respectively. The study also found that the inequity of private educational opportunities became intensified after IMF intervention in three phases. Expenditure on private education was decreased in all consumption decile Groups. However, the higher the decile consumption groups, the narrower the width of decreasing rates. It appeared that the lower the decile consumption groups, the higher their economic burden. This study concluded that in the economic recession, school education promoted social inequity as well as economic and cultural reclassification. Therefore, two principles of conflict theory and labor market segmentation could be applied to explain not only the functions of school education and attainment competition but also consumption behaviors of expenditure on private education.

미국대학 일본분교의 운영실태 조사연구

손경애 서원대학교 교육연구소 1998 敎育發展 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the operation of American branch campuses in Japan. The contents of this study are three fold: 1) Discuss the background of the establishment of American branch campuses in Japan. 2) Analyze the current operational status of American branch campuses in Japan. 3) Examine the observed problems on the operation of American branch campuses in Japan. The data presented in this paper were collected during a three-year period from November 20, 1995 to November 28, 1997 from (1) literature on the topic, (2) telephone and personal interviews with people in the United States and Japan, (3) on-site visits and observations in Japan, and (4) printed documents, both published and unpublished. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Since 1982, more than 35 American branch campuses have been established and operated in Japan. With the economic recession in Japan, these schools inevitably have been faced with financial difficulties, therefore, 10 out of 19 AACUJ member schools closed their programs in Japan. Because American branch campuses in Japan have not been recognized as formal educational institutions by the Ministry of Education in Japan, they have been classified as special schools or miscellaneous schools. 2) The problems were observed in political, economic, social, cultural, and educational areas. In the political area, unfair foreign policies such as accreditation of American branch campuses in Japan and visa practices were discussed. In the economic area, Japan's economic recession, strength of yen value, and investment shrinkage of Japanese partners were pointed out as the problems of American branch campuses. Limitation of job opportunities, critical reports by Japan's media, and social attitudes toward American branch campuses in the social area, cultural differences and historical backgrounds in the cultural area were discussed. Finally, in the educational area, quality of education provided by American branch campuses in Japan, tuition, class size, admission standard, lack of facilities were discussed as the problems affecting the operation of American branch campuses in Japan. 3) The study results suggested that American branch campuses in Japan should pay special attention on not only improving the quality of education provided by the schools but also developing the external environmental support systems of politial, economic, cultural, social forces to maintain their programs in Japan. The results also provide valuable information for Korean policy makers for the opening of the Korean higher educational market.

한국 고등학생의 PC 이용격차 분석연구

손경애 서원대학교 교육연구소 2001 敎育發展 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the digital divide of high school students in Korea. The study utilized a questionnaire for 659 high school students. For the data analysis, such statistical tools as frequency analysis, cross-tabulation, ANOVA were used. There were four major findings for this study. First, most(92.2%) students retained a PC at home. The rate of PC retaining among high school students increased by more than 20% point in two nears. This study result shows the popularization of PCs among high school students. Second, analyzed by the variables of sex, region, and SES, there were statistically significant differences by sex and region, not by SES. Compared to females, males tended to show more positive behavior patterns toward PCs. Males tended to have and use the latest models of PCs at home, and take PC lessons from private institutions. But males were likely to utilize their PCs for entertainment. Analyzed by region, the bigger the size of the regions, there more positive behavior patterns toward PCs existed. Students in the metropolitan area tended to retain and utilize the latest models of PCs for studying. Third, students who retained their PCs at home did not utilize them. Students mostly used their PCs for game/entertainment, not for studying. They also used their PCs, PC networks, and internet for more than 4 hours a day. They tended to retain and use more game/entertainment programs than educational programs. They tended to get the information about PC from their freinds, not from professional sources. It was suggested that the digital policies at the national level should turn the direction from the spread of PCs to the dissemination of more educational PC software to students. Special digital education focusing on how to select and utilize the PC programs is needed. Moreover, the PC utilization should be linked to their school activities of the students, not to their entertainment.

1,2-diaminocyclohexane 異性質體의 Pt(Ⅱ)錯物의 抗癌性에 대한 Extended Hu¨ckel Molecular Orbital理論

李相協,呂煥鎭,孫敬愛 慶北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

Complex formation of metal ions in body is generally considered as first step mechanism of action of metal ions. Of platinum(Ⅱ) complexes, isomers of [PtL_2(dach)] have different antitumor activities, where L is Cl^-, Br^- and Co(oxalate)^2-, dach is 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. A different activity of isomer can't be explained by kinetic and thermodynamic method, but this study will give useful information in clarifying the order of antitumor activity by Extended Hu¨ckel Molecular Orbital Calculations. Calculations of Energy level, Energy partitioning and Overlap population density give evidence for the order of antitumor activity about isomers of [PtL_2(dach)]. The value of A_lg-B_1g energy difference (Δ_1) are lower in trans-isomer than those in cis-isomers, which are related to the stability of complexes. Also, it is greater than that in trans-ones, implying that trans-isomers have high anti cancer activity.

국내육성 오차드그라스 품종들의 캘러스 형성율 및 식물체 재분화 효율

김기용,강경민,배은경,이인애,임용우,최기준,박근제,손대영,조진기 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

Comparisons of callus formation ratios from seed explants, callus sizes, regeneration ratios from callus and regeneration efficiency for 4 orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) varieties (Three were developed in Korea and one was imported from foreign nation) are as follows; Jangbeol 102 (67.0%) has the highest callus formation ratio in 4 weeks incubated callus after bedding the seed explants, but Potomac (68.4%) has the highest ratio in 6-seek callus. Potomac (3.93cm) has the highest callus size in 4-week callus, but Jangbeol 101 (4.32cm) has the highest size in 6-week callus. Jangbeol 101 (17.7%) has the highest plant regeneration ratio in 4-week callus, but Potomac (37.4%) has the highest raion in 6-week callus. Jangbeol 102 (11.5%) has the highest plant regeneration efficiency in 4-week callus, but Potomac (25.6%) has the highest efficiency in 6-week callus.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

과학적 근거 중심 평가를 도입한 마늘의 콜레스테롤 조절 기능성 평가

김인혜;조강진;김진영;황경아;황유진;채유진;엄애선 한양대학교 2010 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.30 No.1

Garlic (Allium sativum) is used a flavouring agent and a traditional medicine in human history. Numerous studies support the fact that garlic intake may have effect on cholesetrol-lowering. No claims currently have been made about garlic intake and cholesterol-lowering effect with respect to health claim in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific evidence on garlic intake and cholesterol-lowering effect by the scientific evidence-based rating system of Korean Food and Drug Administration for health claim. We carried out a comprehensive search of the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and manual searches of relevant journals for studies between 1955-2009. The search terms were garlic and Allium sativum in combination with cholesterol. Eighteen clinical stidies were included and reviewed to evaluate the strength of evidence that supports a relation between garlic intake and cholesterol-lowering effect. Our results suggests that level of scientific evidence on garlic intake and cholesterol-lowering effect is "other function (II) probable".

국내산 과일 및 채소 추출물을 이용한 체중 조절 관련 기능성 식품소재 탐색

김인혜;김종배;조강진;황유진;황경아;고정숙;엄애선 한양대학교 2011 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.31 No.1

Obesity can be defined as a disorder of lipid metabolism and the control of this process is regulated by enzymes involved in lipid metabolic pathway. Obesity is also characterized increases in the number and size of adipocyte differentiated from fibroblastic pre-adipocytes in adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to screen ethanol extracts of 21 fruits and vegetables cultivated in Republic of Korea for identifying natural sources of lipase inhibitor and to investigate the effects of several extracts resulting in suppression of triglyceride (TG) accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Among the tested extracts, Diospyros kaki L. showed the highest contents of total sugar and the content of total phenolic compounds was detected 17 species while there was not detected in Ixeris dentate root and Allium fistulosum C. etc. We were screened 26 extracts of fruits and vegetables for pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity compared with orlistat. The strongest lipase inhibitory activities were shown by extract of Allium sativum L. stem, Allium sativum L. bulb, Apteryx australis, Diospyros kaki L. Malus Pumila, Perilla frutescens and Prunus mume regardless of concentrations treated. Eight extracts including Brassica juncea var. integrilolia had no effect on lipase inhibition. During the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte to mature adipocyte, the cells were treated with carrier or 7 extracts(1, 5 and 10 ㎍/ml), which was shown to highest lipase inhibitory effects. We were quantified lipid contents secreted mature adipocytes and stained with Oil Red O. All cells treated with the Apteryx australis and Prunus mume significantly decreased TG contents than the control. These findings suggested that the screened fruit and vegetable could be a promising source as the effective and safe lipase inhibitors for isolating bioactive ingredients and developing functional foods.