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Nanostructured glycan architecture is important in the inhibition of influenza A virus infection
Kwon, Seok-Joon,Na, Dong Hee,Kwak, Jong Hwan,Douaisi, Marc,Zhang, Fuming,Park, Eun Ji,Park, Jong-Hwan,Youn, Hana,Song, Chang-Seon,Kane, Ravi S.,Dordick, Jonathan S.,Lee, Kyung Bok,Linhardt, Robert J. Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2017 Nature nanotechnology Vol.12 No.1
<P>Rapid change(1) and zoonotic transmission to humans(2) have enhanced the virulence of the influenza A virus (IAV)(3). Neutralizing antibodies fail to provide lasting protection from seasonal epidemics(1),(4). Furthermore, the effectiveness of anti influenza neuraminidase inhibitors has declined because of drug resistances. Drugs that can block viral attachment and cell entry independent of antigenic evolution or drug resistance might address these problems. We show that multivalent 6'-sialyllactose-polyamidoamine (6SL-PAMAM) conjugates, when designed to have well-defined ligand valencies and spacings, can effectively inhibit IAV infection. Generation 4 (G4) 6SL-PAMAM conjugates with a spacing of around 3 nm between 6SL ligands (S3-G4) showed the strongest binding to a hemagglutinin trimer (dissociation constant of 1.6 x 10(-7) M) and afforded the best inhibition of H1N1 infection. S3-G4 conjugates were resistant to hydrolysis by H1N1 neuraminidase. These conjugates protected 75% of mice from a lethal challenge with H1N1 and prevented weight loss in infected animals. The structure-based design of multivalent nanomaterials, involving modulation of nanoscale backbone structures and number and spacing between ligands, resulted in optimal inhibition of IAV infection. This approach may be broadly applicable for designing effective and enduring therapeutic protection against human or avian influenza viruses.</P>
Jiang, Yi,Oh, Inseon,Joo, Se Hun,Buyukcakir, Onur,Chen, Xiong,Lee, Sun Hwa,Huang, Ming,Seong, Won Kyung,Kwak, Sang Kyu,Yoo, Jung-Woo,Ruoff, Rodney S. American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.141 No.42
<P>We report the synthesis and characterization of a two-dimensional (2D) conjugated Ni(II) tetraaza[14]annulene-linked metal organic framework (<B>NiTAA-MOF</B>) where <B>NiTAA</B> is a macrocyclic MN<SUB>4</SUB> (M = metal, N = nitrogen) compound. The structure of <B>NiTAA-MOF</B> was elucidated by Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray photoemission, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopies, in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When chemically oxidized by iodine, the insulating bulk <B>NiTAA-MOF</B> (σ < 10<SUP>-10</SUP> S/cm) exhibits an electrical conductivity of 0.01 S/cm at 300 K, demonstrating the vital role of ligand oxidation in the electrical conductivity of 2D MOFs. Magnetization measurements show that iodine-doped <B>NiTAA-MOF</B> is paramagnetic with weak antiferromagnetic coupling due to the presence of organic radicals of oxidized ligands and high-spin Ni(II) sites of the missing-linker defects. In addition to providing further insights into the origin of the induced electrical conductivity in 2D MOFs, both pristine and iodine-doped <B>NiTAA-MOF</B> synthesized in this work could find potential applications in areas such as catalase mimics, catalysis, energy storage, and dynamic nuclear polarization-nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP-NMR).</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Semi-Optimal Path Generation using Intelligent Optimization
Kyung Woon Kwak,Yoon Keun Kwak,Soohyun Kim,Mazin S. Altokhais,Majed S. Aldosari 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
A semi-optimal path generation method of UGV (Unmanned Ground Vehicle) on real-time environment is proposed and demonstrated through MATLAB simulations and tested by using tri-wheeled mobile robot. A narrow corridor like environment is considered as a simulation. For each step of UGV movement, two objectives are considered: First is to minimize the distance to the target and second to drive the UGV keeping away from the obstacles. A weighted objective function is used in the optimization problem. Equality and inequality constraints are taken to secure the UGV"s dynamics and safety. The weighting factors are controlled by a fuzzy controller which is constructed by a fuzzy rule set and membership functions. Simulations are performed for messy environment and narrow corridor like case. The results are satisfactory for realistic situations considered and also simple indoor experiments are performed. The proposed semi-optimal path generation method with the fuzzy controller is expected to be well applicable to real environment.