국산 Lidocaine 알칼리화를 위한 Bicarbonate 혼합시 침전유발 최소량에 대한 고찰

이선호,김현수,곽인숙,안원식,최관호,김광민,손민제 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.5

Background : When local anesthetics for regional anesthesia is used, usually small amounts of bicar-bonate are added for rapid onset. This addition gives the mixed solution a more alkaline pH. The following result is an increased unionized form of the local anesthetic and rapid penetration of the drug into tiissue. Unfortunately, no data about adequate mixing volumes of domestic lidocaine and bicarbonate is available. Methods : We examined six mixing pairs of two kinds of 2% lidocaines and three kinds of 8.4% bicarbonates for minimum volumes of bicarbonate to cause a precipitation of 2% 20 ml lidocaine. Results : The mean volumes of bicarbonate to cause precipitation were 1.54 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 2.90 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate, 2.73 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate, 0.97 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 1.26ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate and 1.39 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate. Conclusions : We conclude that the Kwang-Myung lidocaine and the Je-Il lidocaine could cause precipitation when mixing with a smaller bicarbonate volume than foreign textbook recommended. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 726-729)

중소부품제조업에의 VMI에 대한 물류성과요인에 관한 연구

이명복,이부경,양광모,강경식 한국유통정보학회 2006 유통정보학회지 Vol.9 No.1

아급성 연합성 변성 1례

이영주,박현영,장혁,김요식,조광호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2005 圓光醫科學 Vol.20 No.2

通貨論的 接近方法에 의한 物價, 失業의 實證的 硏究

李康濟,池光植 단국대학교 상경대학 1993 商學論叢 Vol.20 No.-

The money supply policy which affects the goods economy of a nation develops in accordance with the stage of economic development of the nation ; and as the characteristics of the money supply policy vary with the changing conditions in the national economy its characteristics vary accordingly. Monetary policy based of the Quantity Theory of Money, which assumes money quantity to be an exogeneous variable, aims at controlling inflation and business cycles through manipulating the quantity of money in the national economy. In this paper, using a Granger-Sims model, econometric analysis to determine the causes and effect was carried out using the indexes of M_1, M_2, M_3, WPI, CPI, and GNP deflator. The regression analysis indicated a unidirectional effect of the explanatory variables on the dependent variables After this confirmation a rational espectations empirical analysis was attempted. The results of this study may be summarized as follows: First, from the 1st quarter of 1971 to the 4th quarter of 1990 M_1 and M_2 had a unidirectional effect on WPI and CPI. Second. prices were influenced but unemployment had a low effect ; thus we can that it was influenced by variables after than a significant effect on the unemployment level.

저압전로의 단락사고에 대한 보호협조 연구

이은우,조규판,김이국,김동희,이광식 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.28 No.2

This paper describes the protection from line to line fault current caused by the trouble of source the low voltage power line. The decision of interrupting capacity in the low voltage circuit breaker is based on foreign rules, environment and actual condition within a country. Congregation of full capacity rating, selective breaking method and cascade breaking method is based on relevance reference and catalog of a manufacturing company. From above result, we obtain the method of optimum coordination and contrive the convenience of actual experience application according to the importance of electricity installation. The calculation of breaking capacity and the application of breaking method investigate actual condition in the case of design of electricity installation established and enlarged for personal use in Gumi, Chilgok area recently and present the point at issue and countermeasure. In the future, I think that this data contribute not only the preventing of electricity installation accident but also of electricity installation accident.

시간축이동법을 이용한 발전기 보수유지계획의 수립에 관한 연구

이동인,김영훈,이광식,도대호 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1993 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.21 No.2

The proper resource allocation is a very important topic in power system problems, especially in operation and planning. One of such problems is optimal maintenance in operation and planning. The least cost should be the subject to be pursued in this study. A simulation model of a probablistic operation which is called cumulant method, is applied to the problem of optimal maintenance scheduling. A new technique called time axis shift method is developed. This method is similar to dynamic programming successive approximation.

평면연삭버어의 가공조건에 의한 영향

이광영,옥철호,서영백,박흥식,전태옥 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.2

This study has been carried out to prevent and decrease the grinding burr under various working conditions; number of grinding passes, depth of cut, hardness of the materials and work speed. Grinding wheel is WA grinding wheel and workpieces are SM45C, SS41, SCM23 and STS 304. The results of tained from this study are as follows; The length of gringing burr increased with increasing grinding passes and it has nothing to do with materials and heat treatment. The size of grinding burr increased with increasing grinding depth and feed speed. The size of grinding burr decreased with increased cross setion and of workpiece. According as the hardness of material was increased, the width of grinding burr decreased conspicuously owing to suppression of plastic zone of burr root part.

고기능성 미립 실리카 제조

이재장,노범식,김동수,장광택 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2000 석재연 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구에서는 attrition mill을 활용하여 분쇄시 발생하는 오염물질을 방지하고 고분자 유기물질의 첨가로 평균 입도 2-3㎛의 미립 실리카 분체에 가능성을 부여하여 규석 관련 첨단산업용 고부가가치 상품을 개발하고자 하였다. 실험결과 용기 내부의 코팅재에 따른 미립화 효율은 세라믹 > 텅스텐 카바이드 > 스테인레스 > 포리우레탄 > 테프론의 순이었으며 오염방지 효과는 세라믹 > 폴리우레탄 > 텅스텐 카바이드 > 테프론 > 스테인레스의 순이었다. 고분자 유기물질의 첨가에 의해 분쇄효율이 증가하였으며, 첨가제의 일부가 표면에 코팅되어 원관의 백색도 85에서 92까지 상승되었다. 형상 조절 실험 및 백색도 향상 실험결과 첨가에에 의한 분쇄 산물은 원광보다 구형에 가까운 것을 알 수가 있었다. This study focused on manufacture of the high value-added products for a high-technology industry related to silica. The silica fines less than 3㎛ was manufactured using laboratory attrition mills with various coated liner and analysed the pollutions added from the grinding test. Ground particle's shape was investigated by adding polymer. In the grinding test, coated material of cylinder affects size reduction rate by order of ceramic, tungsten carbide, stainless steel, polyurethane, teflon. In contamination tests the coated liner affects in order of stainless steel, teflon, tungsten carbide, polyurethane, ceramic. It was found also that the result of additive test showed an instant effects of grinding and whiteness.

流動空氣中 針對棒電極에 대한 放電特性

李廣植 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1991 연구보고 Vol.19 No.1

This paper shows the characteristics of sparkover discharge in flowing air with the variation of Reynolds number(Re) from 0 to 143,700 under the needle-rod gap. Flowing air duct of this investigation is circular tube. The flow at the experimental position's section is described as fully developed laminar flow. The important results obtained from this study are as follows. The sparkover discharge path of flowing air can be analyzed by analyzed by the theories of flow field for the gas. The sparkover voltage shows the nearly maximum value when the Reynolds number oflowing air ranges about 28,800 to about 55,100. The ratio of sparkover voltages to the Reynolds number increases with decreasing the Reynolds number. The empirical equation obtained from this experiment is ? ? where A= -9.00 ×10 B= 4.70 × 10² The spearkover voltage gradient of flowing air is about 2~4[kV] higher than that of static air. The velocity profiles can be visualized by this experimental method.

분사식 주사기를 이용한 소아환자의 국소마취

이재춘,김대업,이광희,김성형,양계식 大韓小兒齒科學會 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

소아치과에서 국소마취는 공포의 대상이며, 특히 행동조절이 힘든 소아의 경우 더욱 그러하다. 국소마취에 대한 공포는 주사침의 자입시나 주사액의 주입시 느끼는 동통 만큼이나 주사침 자체의 공포도 크게 차지한다. 주사침 자입시의 동통을 완화하기 위하여, 도포마취제 등이 개발되었으나 이들은 국소마취의 동통을 완화시키는 면은 있으나 주사침 자체에 대한 공포를 없애지는 못하였다. Syrijet Mark Ⅱ??(Mizzy Inc, USA)는 주사침이 없는 치과용 분사식 주사기(jet injection device)로서 소아에서 주사침에 대한 공포를 성공적으로 감소시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 저자들은 여러 행동등급의 소아를 대상으로 Syrijet을 사용하여 국소마취를 시행한 후 동통평가의 척도로서 VAS(visual analogue scale)를 소아에게 적합하게 색생화한 CAS(color analogue scale)을 이용하여 국소마취시의 동통수준을 측정한 결과, 기존 주사침에 의한 국소마취시 보다 국소마취의 동통이 감소된 것을 알 수 있었다. Syrijet의 장점으로는 주사침이 없다는 점, 기존의 술식에서 일회용이었던 미취용 카트리지를 재사용할 수 있다는 점, 신경 및 혈관에 안전하다는 점 등이 있었으며, 단점으로 부피가 크며, 가격이 비싸며, 사용시 숙련성을 요구한다는 점 등이 있었다. Local anesthesia procedure in pediatric dentisty using needle-tipped syringes is stressful and painful for the child patients. The Syrijet Mark Ⅱ (Mizzy Inc. USA) is a jet injection instrument, which uses high pressure to propel fluids into soft tissue without the use of a hollow neeldle, so it seems to be able to reduce the injection phobia of the child patients. The authors compared the Syrijet with the conventional syringe by assessing the pain level after local anesthetic procedures using CAS(color analogue scale) which was developed from VAS(visual analogue scale). The result showed that the pain was reduced by the use of syrijet. The advantages of syrijet were no use of neeldes, the reuse of the anesthetic cartridge, and the safety to nerves and vessels. The disadvantages were the large size, the high price, and the need of skill to use.