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( Cher Heng Tan ),( Sudhakar Kundapur Venkatesh ) 대한간학회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.5
Recent advances in the noninvasive imaging of chronic liver disease have led to improvements in diagnosis, particularly with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A comprehensive evaluation of the liver may be performed with the quantification of the degree of hepatic steatosis, liver iron concentration, and liver fibrosis. In addition, MRI of the liver may be used to identify complications of cirrhosis, including portal hypertension, ascites, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review article, we discuss the state of the art techniques in liver MRI, namely, magnetic resonance elastography, hepatobiliary phase MRI, and liver fat and iron quantification MRI. The use of these advanced techniques in the management of chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, will be elaborated. (Gut Liver 2016;10:672-686)
Reversibly Thermochromic Cyclic Dipeptide Nanotubes
Seo, Min Jeong,Song, Jisoo,Kantha, Chandra,Khazi, Mohammed Iqbal,Kundapur, Umesha,Heo, Jung-Moo,Kim, Jong-Man American Chemical Society 2018 Langmuir Vol.34 No.28
<P>Owing to their capability of forming extensive hydrogen bondings and the facile introduction of chirality, cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) have gained great attention as scaffolds for functional supramolecules. Surprisingly, introduction of a photopolymerizable diacetylene (DA) moiety to the CDP afforded nanotubular structures with enhanced stability and reversible thermochromism. A series of CDP-containing DAs (CDP-DAs) are prepared by coupling 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid with CDPs, cyclo(-Gly-Ser) and cis/trans cyclo(-Ser-Ser). Fabrication of CDP-DA self-assemblies in a polar chloroform and methanol solvent mixture affords nanotubes comprising single-wall and multiwall structures. The self-assembly behavior and morphology characteristic are examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Next, X-ray diffraction analysis confirms well-ordered lamellar structures with a perfect agreement with the bilayer formation leading to the tubular structure via lamellar scrolling behavior. Upon UV irradiation, monomeric CDP-DA tubular assemblies result in the blue-colored CDP/polydiacetylene (PDA) nanotubes. Interestingly, CDP/PDA nanotubes exhibit a reversible blue-to-red color change for over 10 consecutive thermal cycles. The CDP-DA/PDA supramolecular system demonstrates potential applications in developing stimulus-responsive functional materials.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Thermochromic Polydiacetylene Nanotube from Amphiphilic Macrocyclic Diacetylene in Aqueous Solution
Heo, Jung-Moo,Son, Youngji,Han, Seulki,Ro, Hyun-Joo,Jun, Sangmi,Kundapur, Umesha,Noh, Jaegeun,Kim, Jong-Man American Chemical Society 2019 Macromolecules Vol.52 No.11
<P>Creation of tubular structures through the self-assembly of macrocyclic molecules has gained great attention in the chemical, biochemical, and material sciences. Through a designed introduction of two octaethylene oxide and two diacetylene moieties, we prepared a macrocycle <B>MCDA-BisOEG</B>, which is water-soluble and photopolymerizable and displays a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. The hydrodynamic diameter of <B>MCDA-BisOEG</B>, measured by dynamic light scattering method, was ca. 6.5 nm at 25 °C and increased sharply to ca. 2 μm at temperatures above 34 °C (LCST). Below the LCST, the macrocycle in aqueous solution formed tubular structures, which upon UV irradiation generated blue conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) nanotubes. The PDA nanotubes undergo a blue-to-red color change when heated above the LCST. No polymerization occurs above the LCST owing to the disordered aggregation of the diacetylene monomer. This is the first example of the preparation of a macrocycle-based, thermoresponsive, conjugated polymer nanotube in aqueous solution.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Polymerizable Supramolecular Approach to Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Patterns
Kim, Tae Geun,Ha, Su Ryong,Choi, Hyosung,Uh, Kyungchan,Kundapur, Umesha,Park, Sumin,Lee, Chan Woo,Lee, Sang-hwa,Kim, Jaeyong,Kim, Jong-Man American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.22
<P>Owing to its high conductivity, solution processability, mechanical flexibility, and transparency, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been extensively explored for use in functional devices including solar cells, sensors, light-emitting diodes, and supercapacitors. The ability to fabricate patterned PEDOT:PSS on a solid substrate is of significant importance to develop practical applications of this conducting polymer. Herein, we describe a new approach to obtain PEDOT:PSS patterns that are based on a polymerizable supramolecular concept. Specifically, we found that UV irradiation of a photopolymerizable diacetylene containing PEDOT:PSS film followed by development in deionized water and subsequent treatment with sulfuric acid (glass and silicon wafer) or formic acid (PET) produces micron-sized PEDOT:PSS patterns on solid substrates. The newly designed photolithographic method, which can be employed to generate highly conductive (>1000 S/cm) PEDOT:PSS patterns, has many advantages including the use of aqueous process conditions, a reduced number of process steps, and no requirement for plasma etching procedures.</P>