탄소의 연소반응에 관한 연구

최고열 서울産業大學校 1997 논문집 Vol.45 No.1

Noncatalytic combustion of carbon by nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide or/and oxygen was carried out in a thermogravimetric analysis system. Of a1l oxidants nitrogen dioxide was the mast effective, whereas nitrogen monoxide did not show any activity for the combustion of carbon. The combustion rate of carbon by oxygen was very low below 550 ℃, however, it increased rapidly at higher than that temperature. The addition of nitrogen monoxide to oxygen does not appear to influence the combustion rate of carbon by oxygen. The combustion of carbon was not diffusion limited, but mainly affected by the surface area of carbon. The kinetic results showed that the combustion rate of carbon was dependent only on the concentration of nitrogen dioxide, but not on the amount of carbon. The reaction order was first with respect to the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and activation energy was 10.0 kcal/mole.

ESR을 이용한 동함유 모더나이트의 특성연구

최고열,이창용 서울産業大學校 1993 논문집 Vol.38 No.1

염산처리에 의하여 실리카 /알루미나 비가 다른 모더나이트를 제조하고, 여기에 동을 담지시켰다. 제조된 시료에 대하여 환원·산화처리 온도 및 동함량에 따른 동이온의 특성을 관찰하기 위하여 ESR 분석을 행하였다. 500℃에서 환원·산화처리한 시료에서 동이온은 이온교환시료의 동이온과 비슷한 특성을 나타내었다. 그러나 750℃에서 환원·산화처리한 시료의 경우 500℃에서 환원·산화처리한 시료와는 달리 환원·산화처리시 모더나이트 결정구조의 부분적인 변화에 기인하여 불포화배위의 유리 동이온이 존재하였다. Copper containing modernities which have different silica/alumina ratio were prepared by acid leaching, followed by impregnation with copper. ESR study on these mordenites was carried out to investigate the effect of redox treatment and copper content on the behavior of cupric ions in these samples. When the copper impregnated mordenites were redox-treated by hydrogen and oxygen at 500℃, the behavior of cupric ions in these samples was similar to that of cupric ions in the ion-exchanged mordenites. However, redox-treated at 750℃, coordinatively unsaturated cupric ions exist due to the slight change of mordenite structure during the high temperature redox treatment.

동이 담지된 제올라이트의 실리카-알루미나 비가 일산화탄소의 산화반응에 미치는 영향

최고열 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.2 No.-

실리카-알루미나 비 및 구조가 다른 여러종류의 제올라이트에 동을 담지시킨 촉매상에서 일산화탄소의 산화반응을 실시하였다. 이들 촉매들에 대해 XPS, IR, TPR 및 TPO 분석을 하여 구조 및 실리카-알루미나 비가 담지된 동의 환원-산화특성 및 일산화탄소 산화반응의 활성에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 제올라이트 중에서는 구조의 실리카-알루미나 비가 증가할 수록 일산화탄소 산화반응 활성은 증가하였다. 이는 알루미늄의 추출에 의해서 구조의 실리카-알루미나의 비를 조절한 모더나이트에서 나타난 결과와 일치하였다. 실리카-알루미나의 비가 증가할 수 록 높은 활성을 나타내는 것은 이 비가 증가할 수록 산강도가 증가하므로 담지된 동의 전자를 강하게 끌어당겨 흡착된 산소와의 결합력을 약화시키므로서 촉매의 환원온도를 낮게 하기 때문이다. The oxidation of carbon monoxide was carried out on copper impregnated zeolites with the different crystal structure and silica-alumina ratio. These catalysts were characterized by XPS, IR, TPR, and TPO analyses to investigate the effect of crystal structure and silica-alumina ratio on the redox behavior of impregnated copper and the activity of carbon monoxide oxidation. The activity of carbon monoxide oxidation increases with increase in the silica-alumina ratio of zeolite, which is the same result as in the case of mordenite with different silica-alumnia ratio. The supports having higher silica-alumina ratio show higher acid strength and possess more strong electron acceptor sites. These sites weaken the bond strength between copper and adsorbed oxygen by attracting the electron of copper and lower the reduction temperature of copper. Therrefore, the activity of carbon monoxide increases with the silica-alumina ratio of zeolites.

銅 澹持 및 混合 모더나이트 觸媒上에서 酸化炭素의 酸化反應

최고열,하백현 서울産業大學校 1992 논문집 Vol.36 No.1

Characterization of copper impregnated- and mixed- mordenites was carried out to investigate the effect of the state of copper on the oxidation of carbon monoxide. By the redox-treatment in the hydrogen/oxygen stream at 500℃, copper in mordenites exists mainly in the from of CuO irrespective of the method of preparation. However, in the case of mixed catalyst, copper was oxidized to Cu(Ⅱ) state by high temperature reduction and oxidation(750℃/500℃). Acivity of both impregnated- and mixed-catalysts increased with the amount of loaded copper. During the reaction of carbon monoxide oxidation, copper was finely dispersed in the mordenite pore structure as a state of CuO. There are two peaks in the CO-TPR profile. Low temperature peak, in which CuO is reduced to Cu(0) via CuD is concemed with the activity of cardon monoxide oxidation. Oxidation property of loaded copper shows no effect on the activity of carbon monoxide oxidation.

제올라이트 A를 혼화재로 사용한 모르터의 특성 연구

조병후,최고열,이창용,김봉주 서울産業大學校 1999 논문집 Vol.50 No.2

The characteristics of cement pastes and mortars containing zeolite A were investigated. The hydration of C₃S was a little restrained in cement pastes containing Zeolite A. The cement pastes containing zeolite A also exhibited that the formation of Ca(OH)₂ decreased and the amount of macropores increased with zeolite content. The strength of the mortar admixed zeolite A was lower than that of plain and decreased with zeolite content. These results would be related to the residual NaOH in the powder of zeolite A, which had influence on the cement hydration.

Benzene에 의해 오염된 물의 鹽素處理에 의한 鹽素化合物의 生成에 關한 硏究

신현진,최고열,장향동 서울産業大學校 1996 논문집 Vol.44 No.1

This paper describes the production of the second pollution materials possibly produced during the water purification of water contaminated by various inorganic compounds. The effect of the reaction conditions such as the concentration of benzene and remaining chloride, temperature, pH as well as the addition of heavy metal on the production of chlorobenzenes has been investigated. It was confirmed from the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses of products that mono- and dichlorobenzenes, which smelled offensively and were harmful to human body, were created by chlorination of benzene containing water. The production of chlorobenzene was always observed when the concentration of benzene and remaining chloride was higher than 0.1 mg/ℓand 1 mg/ℓ, respectively. The amount of chlorobenzene increased with the reaction temperature and the concentration of reactants. The production of dichlorobenzene was largely dependent on the reaction temperature and the pH of reactant. When the pH of reactant was 2, an appreciable amount of 1.4-dichlorobenzene was produced. However, it decreased rapidly with the pH of reactant and completely disappeared at pH 4. There was no chlorobenzene produced at higher than pH 10. The concentration of chlorobenzene increased by the addition of Al and Fe.

합성 β-zeolite 상에서 프로펜에 의한 벤젠의 알킬화 반응

우성남,최고열 서울産業大學校 1997 논문집 Vol.45 No.1

The β-zeolites were synthesized in Na₂0-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-TEAOH system. The alkylation of benzene by propene on those catalysts was studied. The most important factor affecting the synthesis of β-zeolite was found to be the amount of TEAOH (tetraethylammonium hydroxide). When the ratio of TEA0H/Si0₂ was about 0.25-0.43, theβ -zeolite having a wide range of SiO₂/A1₂O₃ ratio cou1d be synthesized. The selectivity to cumene in the alkylation of benzene by propane was 92%, and no deactivation was observed even after 20 hows-on-stream.

국산 점토를 이용한 폐수 중의 중금속 흡착에 관한 연구

온웅구,김낙주,최고열 서울産業大學校 2001 논문집 Vol.52 No.1

국내에서 무작위로 채취한 점토와 폐도자기를 이용하여 폐수중의 중금속의 흡착 실험을 수행하였다. 중금속 처리제로서 점토의 사용 가능성을 알아보기 위하여, pH, 온도, 흡착 시간 및 공존 이온 등이 점토의 흡착 특성과 흡착 능력에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 모든 시료에 대하여 흡착 시간은 30분내에서 흡착 평형을 이루었다. 온도는 흡착 효율에 큰 영향은 없지만 낮은 온도에서 흡착량이 약간 증가하였으며, 최적 pH는 6 이상이었다. Cu(II)나 Zn(II)과 같은 양이온이 공존하고 있을 때는 서로 경쟁적으로 흡착하려는 성질 때문에 Pb(II) 흡착능은 저하하였다. 폐도자기는 불산 수용액으로 처리하므로서 흡착능이 증가하였다. The adsorption of heavy metals in the waste water was carried out on the various domestic clays and waste pottery. The effect of parameters such as pH, temperature, adsorption time, and coexisting cations on the sorption ability and characteristics was investigated to find out whether the clays could be used as adsorbents. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 30 minutes on all the clays. Adsorption efficiency was not influenced by temperature, but slightly increased at lower temperature. The optimum pH was found to be above 6. When other cation such as Cu(II) or Zn(II) coexisted with Pb(II), the adsorption amount of Pb(II) decreased because of the competing adsorption. The sorption ability of waste pottery was enhanced by treating HF solution.

동 모더나이트 촉매상에서 NOx의 제거 반응

모용기,이창용,최고열 서울産業大學校 2001 논문집 Vol.52 No.1

구리를 담지시킨 모더나이트를 이용하여 고정층 연속흐름 반응기에서 NO의 환원 및 분해 반응을 실시하였다 전처리로 산화된 CuO/HM의 NO 직접 분해 반응은 구리의 담지량 및 반응 온도의 증가에 따라 전화율이 증가하였다. CuO/HM 촉매상에서 CO를 이용한 NO의 환원 반응에서의 전화율은 공급되는 반응물의 양론비에 따라 달라졌다. NO/CO의 비가 1일때 NO는 거의 100% 가까운 전화율을 나타내었으며, 이 비가 증가할수록 전화율은 감소하였다. CuO/HM 촉매상에서 CO를 이용한 NO 환원 반응과 직접 분해 반응의 결과는 CuO/HM 촉매상에서의 결과와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. The catalytic reduction and decomposition of NO has been carried out on copper impregnated mordenites in a packed bed flow reactor. The conversion of NO by direct decomposition on CuO/HM increased with the amount of copper loaded and the reaction temperature. In the reduction of NO with CO on CuO/HM, the conversion of NO was influenced by the ratio of NO to CO supplied as reactants The conversion of NO was almost 100% when the ratio of NO to CO was one. However, it decreased with the increase of the reactant mole ratio. The results of direct decomposition of NO as well as the reduction of NO with CO on Cu0/HM showed the same trends as those on CuO/HM

마이크로파 및 기존 가열 방법에 의한 제올라이트 NaY의 합성

최고열 ( Ko Yeol Choi ),( W. Curtis Conner ) 한국공업화학회 2007 공업화학 Vol.18 No.4