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Ku, Jeonghun,Lee, Jang Han,Han, Kiwan,Kim, Sun I.,Kang, Youn Joo,Park, Eun Sook Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. 2009 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITA Vol.88 No.9
Ku J, Lee JH, Han K, Kim SI, Kang YJ, Park ES: Validity and reliability of cognitive assessment using virtual environment technology in patients with stroke. OBJECTIVES:: We assessed the validity and reliability of a virtual environment technology (VET)-based cognitive assessment program that was developed as a measurement tool of cognitive abilities in patients after a stroke. DESIGN:: Twenty participants diagnosed with stroke caused by unilateral brain lesions were enrolled to assess the VET program’s validity and test-retest reliability. Participants underwent evaluation by paper-based neuropsychological tests including the Korean Mini-Mental Status Examination, the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Motor Free Visual Perception Test, Rey-Kim Memory Test, and Kim’s Frontal-Executive Neuropsychologic Test as well as the VET-based cognitive assessment. Major variables and indices of the VET program were calculated. The VET program validity was evaluated using a simple correlation analysis between variables from the VET program and conventional paper-based neuropsychological measurements, and the reliability was evaluated by investigating the test-retest correlation coefficients. RESULTS:: Major variables and indices of the VET program in patients with stroke correlated significantly with the related scores of paper-based neuropsychological tests. In addition, the test-retest reliability analysis revealed that the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.528 to 0.926. CONCLUSION:: The VET-based cognitive assessment program showed adequate reliability and validity as a method of cognitive assessment in patients after stroke.
Kim, Kiwan,Kim, Na-Jeong,Kim, So Young,Kim, In Hwang,Kim, Kun-Soo,Lee, Gap Ryol American Society for Microbiology 2015 Infection and immunity Vol.83 No.3
<P>Cyclo(Phe-Pro) (cFP) is a secondary metabolite produced by certain bacteria and fungi. Although recent studies highlight the role of cFP in cell-to-cell communication by bacteria, its role in the context of the host immune response is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of cFP produced by the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus in the modulation of innate immune responses toward the pathogen. cFP suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocyte/macrophage cell line and in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Specifically, cFP inhibited inhibitory kappa B (I kappa B) kinase (IKK) phosphorylation, I kappa B alpha degradation, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) translocation to the cell nucleus, indicating that cFP affects the NF-kappa B pathway. We searched for genes that are responsible for cFP production in V. vulnificus and identified VVMO6_03017 as a causative gene. A deletion of VVMO6_03017 diminished cFP production and decreased virulence in subcutaneously inoculated mice. In summary, cFP produced by V. vulnificus actively suppresses the innate immune responses of the host, thereby facilitating its survival and propagation in the host environment.</P>
Kim, Kiwan,Kim, Young Uk,Koh, Byung Hee,Hwang, Soo Seok,Kim, Seol‐,Hee,Lé,pine, Francois,Cho, You‐,Hee,Lee, Gap Ryol Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Immunology Vol.129 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>To explore whether bacterial secreted 4‐hydroxy‐2‐alkylquinolines (HAQs) can regulate host innate immune responses, we used the extracts of bacterial culture supernatants from a wild‐type (PA14) and two mutants of <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> that have defects in making HAQs. Surprisingly, the extract of supernatants from the <I>P.?aeruginosa pqsA</I> mutant that does not make HAQs showed strong stimulating activity for the production of innate cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 in the J774A.1 mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line, whereas the extract from the wild‐type did not. The addition of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐heptylquinoline (HHQ) or 2‐heptyl‐3,4‐dihydroxyquinoline (PQS, Pseudomonas quinolone signal) to mammalian cell culture media abolished this stimulating activity of the extracts of supernatants from the <I>pqsA</I> mutant on the expression of innate cytokines in J774A.1 cells and in the primary bronchoalveolar lavage cells from C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that HHQ and PQS can suppress the host innate immune responses. The <I>pqsA</I> mutant showed reduced dissemination in the lung tissue compared with the wild‐type strain in a mouse <I>in vivo</I> intranasal infection model, suggesting that HHQ and PQS may play a role in the pathogenicity of <I>P.?aeruginosa</I>. HHQ and PQS reduced the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) binding to its binding sites and the expression of NF‐κB target genes, and PQS delayed inhibitor of κB degradation, indicating that the effect of HHQ and PQS was mediated through the NF‐κB pathway. Our results suggest that HHQ and PQS produced by <I>P.?aeruginosa</I> actively suppress host innate immune responses.</P>
VR-Based Conversation Training Program for Patients with Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Clinical Trial
Ku, Jeonghun,Han, Kiwan,Lee, Hyung Rae,Jang, Hee Jeong,Kim, Kwang Uk,Park, Sung Hyouk,Kim, Jae Jin,Kim, Chan Hyung,Kim, In Young,Kim, Sun I. Mary Ann Liebert 2007 Cyber Psychology & Behavior Vol.10 No.4
GNSS Airborne Multipath Error Modeling Under UAV Platform and Operating Environment
Kim, Minchan,Kim, Kiwan,Lee, Dong-Kyeong,Lee, Jiyun The Institute of Positioning 2015 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.4 No.1
In the case of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a GNSS sensor, a boundary line where the vehicle can actually exist can be calculated using a navigation error model, and safe navigation (e.g., precise landing and collision prevention) can be supported based on this boundary line. Therefore, for the safe operation of UAV, a model for the position error of UAV needs to be established in advance. In this study, the multipath error of a GNSS sensor installed at UAV was modeled through a flight test, and this was analyzed and compared with the error model of an existing manned aircraft. The flight test was conducted based on a scenario in which UAV performs hovering at an altitude of 40 m, and it was found that the multipath error value was well bound by the error model of an existing manned aircraft. This result indicates that the error model of an existing manned aircraft can be used in operation environments similar to the scenario for the flight test. Also, in this study, a scenario for the operation of multiple UAVs was considered, and the correlation between the multipath errors of the UAVs was analyzed. The result of the analysis showed that the correlation between the multipath errors of the UAVs was not large, indicating that the multipath errors of the UAVs cannot be canceled out.