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Kim Jieun,Myung Rangmi,Kim Bongyoung,Kim Jinyeong,Kim Tark,Lee Mi Suk,Kim Uh Jin,Park Dae Won,Kim Yeon-Sook,Lee Chang-Seop,Kim Eu Suk,Lee Sun Hee,Chang Hyun-Ha,Lee Seung Soon,Park Se Yoon,Choi Hee Jun 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.12
Background: Since the emergence of hypervirulent strains of Clostridioides difficile, the incidence of C. difficile infections (CDI) has increased significantly. Methods: To assess the incidence of CDI in Korea, we conducted a prospective multicentre observational study from October 2020 to October 2021. Additionally, we calculated the incidence of CDI from mass data obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) from 2008 to 2020. Results: In the prospective study with active surveillance, 30,212 patients had diarrhoea and 907 patients were diagnosed with CDI over 1,288,571 patient-days and 193,264 admissions in 18 participating hospitals during 3 months of study period; the CDI per 10,000 patientdays was 7.04 and the CDI per 1,000 admission was 4.69. The incidence of CDI was higher in general hospitals than in tertiary hospitals: 6.38 per 10,000 patient-days (range: 3.25–12.05) and 4.18 per 1,000 admissions (range: 1.92–8.59) in 11 tertiary hospitals, vs. 9.45 per 10,000 patient-days (range: 5.68–13.90) and 6.73 per 1,000 admissions (range: 3.18–15.85) in seven general hospitals. With regard to HIRA data, the incidence of CDI in all hospitals has been increasing over the 13-year-period: from 0.3 to 1.8 per 10,000 patient-days, 0.3 to 1.6 per 1,000 admissions, and 6.9 to 56.9 per 100,000 population, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of CDI in Korea has been gradually increasing, and its recent value is as high as that in the United State and Europe. CDI is underestimated, particularly in general hospitals in Korea.
Influence of surface texturing conditions on crystalline silicon solar cell performance
Kim, H.,Park, S.,Kim, S.M.,Kim, S.,Kim, Y.D.,Tark, S.J.,Kim, D. Elsevier 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.suppl2
We carried out the surface texturing of crystalline silicon in alkaline solutions via anisotropic etching. We achieved random pyramids of about 10 μm in size. The size of these pyramids was then gradually reduced using a new solution. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the size of the pyramids on the emitter properties and the front electrode (Ag) contact. To make small (~3.5 μm) and large (~9.0 μm) pyramids, we controlled the texturing time and performed one-sided texturing using a silicon nitride film. We compared the formation and quality of a POCl<SUB>3</SUB>-diffused n<SUP>+</SUP> emitter in a furnace for small and large pyramids by using SEM images and emitter saturation current density (J<SUB>0e</SUB>) measured Quasi-Steady-State Photo-Conductance (QSSPC). For a comparison, we carried out to simulated using TCAD simulator software (SILVACO, the Athena module). After metallization, we measured the Ag contact resistance via the transfer length method (TLM). We observed the surface distributions of the Ag crystallites using SEM images. We used light I-V to measure the performance of screen-printed solar cells. The efficiency of the solar cell in the case of the small and that in the case of the large pyramids improved by about 17.4% and 17.0%, respectively. We believe that differences in the emitter uniformity and the front Ag contact resistance resulted from this difference in the cell performance. Solar cells perform better when the pyramids are small.
KIM, Ah-Young,TARK, Dongseob,KIM, Hyejin,KIM, Jae-Seok,LEE, Jung-Min,KWON, Minhee,BAE, Soohyun,KIM, Byounghan,KO, Young-Joon JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 2017 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.79 No.11
<P>In South Korea, pigs were vaccinated once between 8 and 12 weeks of age because of the injection-site granulomas. Therefore this study was performed to determine the optimal age for single vaccination of growing pigs with the currently used type O FMD vaccine. With 498 pigs divided into four groups, seroprevalence of the antibody was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although double vaccination is necessary to completely protect growing pigs from FMD virus infection with the current vaccine, the age of 8 weeks can be considered as the optimal age for piglet vaccination if the booster injection is unavailable.</P>
Kim Tark,Choi Min Joo,Kim Sun Bean,Kim Jin Yong,이재갑,Oh Hong Sang,Lee Heeyoung,Yoon Young Kyung 대한감염학회 2020 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.52 No.3
The dynamic nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires us to be efficient and flexible in resource utilization. The strategical preparedness and response actions of the healthcare system are the key component to contain COVID-19 and to decrease its case fatality ratio. Depending on the epidemiological situation, each medical institution should systematically share the responsibility for patient screening, disposition and treatment according to clinical severity. To overcome fast-paced COVID-19 pandemic, the government should be rapidly ready and primed for action according to the specific transmission scenario.
( Tark Kim ),( Yu-mi Lee ),( Sang-oh Lee ),( Sang-ho Choi ),( Yang Soo Kim ),( Jun Hee Woo ),( Heungsup Sung ),( Joo Hee Jung ),( Sung Shin ),( Young Hoon Kim ),( Young-ah Kang ),( Young-shin Lee ),( 대한내과학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.31 No.5
Background/Aims: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) surveillance and preemptive therapy is a widely-used strategy for preventing CMV disease in transplant recipients. However, there are limited data on the incidence and patterns of CMV disease during the preemptive period. Thus, we investigated the incidence and pattern of tissue-invasive CMV disease in CMV seropositive kidney transplantation (KT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) recipients during preemptive therapy. Methods: We prospectively identified patients with tissue-invasive CMV disease among 664 KT (90%) and 496 HCT (96%) recipients who were D+/R+ (both donor and recipient seropositive) during a 4-year period. Results: The incidence rates of CMV disease were 4.1/100 person-years (4%, 27/664) in KT recipients and 5.0/100 person-years (4%, 21/496) in HCT recipients. Twenty-six (96%) of the KT recipients with CMV disease had gastrointestinal CMV, whereas 17 (81%) of the HCT recipients had gastrointestinal CMV and 4 (19%) had CMV retinitis. Thus, CMV retinitis was more common among HCT recipients (p = 0.03). All 27 KT recipients with CMV disease suffered abrupt onset of CMV disease before or during preemptive therapy; 10 (48%) of the 21 HCT recipients with CMV disease were also classified in this way but the other 11 (52%) were classified as CMV disease following successful ganciclovir preemptive therapy (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of CMV disease was about 4% in both KT and HCT recipients during preemptive therapy. However, CMV retinitis and CMV disease as a relapsed infection were more frequently found among HCT recipients.
Kim, Seongtak,Park, Sungeun,Kim, Young Do,Bae, Soohyun,Boo, Hyunpil,Kim, Hyunho,Lee, Kyung Dong,Tark, Sung Ju,Kim, Donghwan American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.10
<P> The effect of peak firing temperature and grid width on the contact properties between Ag metal and silicon (n<SUP>+</SUP> emitter) was investigated for screen-printed silicon solar cells. We confirmed the factors that control the specific contact resistance as follows: (1) the Ag coverage fraction on the silicon surface, d(2) the thickness of the glass layer and (3) the etching depth on the n<SUP>+</SUP> emitter region. The lowest specific contact resistance (8.27 mΩ·cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was obtained at the optimum firing temperature (720 °C). We also found that the grid width affected the contact quality of Ag paste because the contact width related to the absorbed heat of samples in RTP system. For this reason, when the grid width was further reduced, meaning more heat absorption, more Ag crystallites grew and the glass layer thickened. Light I?V results of a 6-inch silicon solar cell with minimum busbar width were similar to the PC1D simulation results. The efficiency was improved by 0.2% with the reduction of the busbar width. </P>
김성탁(Kim, Seongtak),박성은(Park, Sungeun),김영도(Kim, Young Do),송주용(Song, Jooyong),박효민(Park, Hyo Min),김현호(Kim, Hyunho),탁성주(Tark, Sung Ju),김동환(Kim, Donghwan) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11
결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 전면 전극은 전극 면적으로 인한 손실(shading loss)를 줄이고 단락전류밀도(Jsc)를 높이기 위해 전극 너비를 줄이는 노력을 하고 있다. 하지만 전극 소성(firing) 시 전면 전극의 핑거(finger)와 버스바(busbar)의 너비 차이로 인해 전극 침투(fire-through) 정도가 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 전극 소성 공정 시 전면 전극의 너비에 따른 전극 침투 정도를 조사하기 위해 접촉 저항(specific contact resistance)과 재결정화(Ag recrystallite) 된 전면전극의 분포에 대해 비교하였다. 접촉 저항을 측정하기 위하여 transfer length method(TLM)를 이용하였다. 또한 전면 전극층을 제거한 후 실리콘 기판의 재결정 분포를 주사전자현미경(Scanning electron microscope : SEM)을 이용하여 관찰하였다.
N-type rear local emitter 태양전지의 시뮬레이션을 통한 구조 설계 및 제조
김수민(Kim, Soo Min),배수현(Bae, Su Hyun),김성탁(Kim, Seong Tak),김현호(Kim, Hyun Ho),박효민(Park, Hyo Min),김영도(Kim, Young Do),박성은(Park, Sungeun),탁성주(Tark, Sung Ju),김동환(Kim, Donghwan) 한국신재생에너지학회 2011 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05
현재 상용으로 많이 사용되는 p-type 태양전지는 Dopant로 사용된 Boron이 O₂와 결합하면서 Light induced degradation이 발생하여 태양 전지 효율의 감소를 불러일으키는 단점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 여러 가지 방법들이 제시되었는데 일반적으로 n-type wafer를 이용함으로써 Light induced degradation을 해결하는 방법이 주로 사용된다. n-type 태양전지를 제조함에 있어서 보다 높은 효율을 달성하기 위하여 태양전지 후면 구조에 local contact 개념을 도입하여 rear local emitter를 형성함으로써 전체적인 효율 증가를 도모하였다. 이러한 local contact을 제조하기 위해서는 전기적으로 구조적으로 고려할 사항들이 여러 가지 존재한다. 따라서 우리는 이러한 고려 사항들을 실험적인 방법으로 결정하는 것이 아니라, 정교한 변수 통제를 이용한 시뮬레이션으로 최종적인 효율 상승을 가져오는 조건을 찾으려고 한다. 이때 사용될 수 있는 시뮬레이션은 여러 가지 종류가 존재하는데 우선 상용 태양전지의 해석에 가장 많이 사용되는 PC1D프로그램이 있다. 그러나 PC1D의 경우에는 1차원의 해석만 가능하기 때문에 local contact의 2차원 이상의 구조 변화에 따른 최종적인 효율을 계산하는데 무리가 따르게 된다. 따라서 2차원 이상의 형상에 대한 분석이 가능한 프로그램을 이용하여 실제 셀에서 일어나는 현상을 더 정밀하게 모사함으로써 local contact에서 일어나는 전기적, 구조적 변화가 최종적인 효율에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 파악해볼 것이며, 어떤 구조를 선택하였을 때 가장 높은 효율을 달성할 수 있는지 알아보려고 한다.
결정방향에 따른 결정질 실리콘 태양전지 후면전계 특성 연구
김현호(Kim, Hyunho),박성은(Park, Sungeun),김영도(Kim, Young Do),송주용(Song, Jooyong),탁성주(Tark, Sung Ju),박효민(Park, Hyomin),김성탁(Kim, Seongtak),김동환(Kim, Donghwan) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11
최근 태양전지 제조비용 절감을 위해 초박형 실리콘 태양전지 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 후면전계(Back Surface Field, BSF) 특성에 대한 관심이 높아지는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 후면의 결정방향 및 표면구조에 따라 형성되는 후면전계(BSF)의 특성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 후면이 절삭손상층 식각(Saw damage etching) 후 (100)면이 드러난 실리콘 기판과 텍스쳐링(Texturing) 후 (111)면이 드러난 실리콘 기판에 후면 전극을 스크린 인쇄 후 Ramp up rate을 달리 하여 소성 공정(RTP system)을 통해 후면전계(BSF)를 형성하여 비교하였다. 후면전계(BSF)의 형상과 특성만을 평가하기 위하여 염산을 이용하여 후면 전극층을 제거하였다. 후면 전극 제거 후 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscopy)과 3차원 미세형상측정기(Non-contacting optical profiler)로 후면전계(BSF)의 형상을 비교하였다. 또한 후면전계(BSF)의 특성을 평가하고자 Quasi-Steady-State Photo Conductance(QSSPC)를 사용하여 포화전류(Saturation current, J_0)을 측정하였고, 면저항 측정기(4-point probe)로 면저항을 측정하여 비교하였다. 후면 전계(BSF)는 (100)면과 (111)면에서 모두 Ramp up rate이 빠를수록 향상된 특성을 보였고, (111)면에서 더 큰 차이를 보였다.
저골수 충실성 급성 골수성 백혈병의 치료방침 화학 요법과 골수이식
김영균(Young Kyoon Kim),노진탁(Jin Tark Nho),박은영(Eun Young Park),한치화(Chi Wha Han),박종원(Chong Won Park),김춘추(Choon Choo Kim),김동집(Dong Jip Kim),한경자(Kyung Ja Han),김원일(Won Il Kim) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.35 No.6
N/A There have been a few repots of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) presenting hypocellular bone marrow. Most physicians are reluctant to give these patients intensive chemotherapy because of the potential risk of serious bone marrow failure. We experienced 10 patients with hypocellular AML (HAML) that could be difined by the criteria of 30% or more atypical blasts and 50% or less cellularity in the bone marrow. There were six men and four women and their ages ranged from 20 to 67 years. Various regimens including low dose ara-C alone (4 cases) and low dose ara-C with modified TAD (1case), with mitoxanthrone (1 case) or with mithramycin (1 case) were applied. Of the remaming three patlents; one received supportive care only, another mithramycin alone and the third allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. As a result, the three cases who received either allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or low dose ara-C with modified TAD or that with mitoxanthrone entered into complete remission. However, only the patient who received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is still alive. The duration of survival ranged from 2 months to 18 months; the median was 8 months. One of the most common complications during chemotherapy was severe bone marrow suppression and the major cause of death was various severe infections during the pancytopenic period. Though the most favorable therapy for HAML is still controversial, bone marrow transplantation is considered to be the choice of treatment at the present time for young patients with HLA-identical donors. If bone marrow transplantation is not available, a more aggressive form of therapy in addition to low dose ara-C will be preferable.