정신분열증 환자의 혈청 총 CPK 활성치 및 동위효소의 분획상

金平周,金明正,延炳吉 大韓神經精神醫學會 1983 신경정신의학 Vol.22 No.4

The purpose of this study was to determine the total serum CPK activity and the fractions of the isoenzymes in the schizophrenic patients and to investigate the correlation between the CPK activity and several clinical variables such as symptoms, course, subtype of schizophrenia. 18 hospitalized schizophrenic patients and 9 healthy adult controls were subjects of this study. The results were as follows ; 1) total serum CPK activity of all the normal controls fell in the normal range but that of 3 schizophrenic patients exceeded the normal range. Means of total serum CPK of both groups were in the normal range, but that of the schizophrenic group was significantly higher than that of the control group by 59.1±23.2 I.U./ℓvs. 45.0±9.1 I.U./ℓ. 2) Mean value of the MB type isoenzyme of the schizophrenic group was 6.1±3.9 I.U./ℓ, a significantly higher level than that of the control group in which the value was 1.4±1.1 I.U./ℓ. Mean of MM type isoenzyme of the schizophrenic group was 49.7±20.7 I.U./ℓ and that of control group was 43.6±8.6 I.U./ℓ, showing no significant difference. The BB type was detected in 3 schizophrenics and in none of the control group. 3) The correlation coefficients calculated between the total serum CPK activity and 16 symptom categories of the Psychiatric Evaluation Form of Spitzer et al excluding 3 symptom categories of Narcotics-Drugs, Antisocial Attitudes-Acts, and Alcohol Abuse revealed significantly high correlation in the symptoms of Social Isolation, Belligerence-Negativism and Disorientation-Memory. The remaining items of Agitation-Excitation, Suicide-Self Mutilation, Grandiosity, Somatic Concern, Speech Disorganization, Hallucination, Anxiety, Inappropriateness, Suspicion-Persecution, Denial of Illness, Depression, Daily Routine-Leisure Time and Retardation-Lack of Emotion did not correlate with the CPK activity. No significant difference was noted between paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics and between the groups of long and short durations of the active symptoms. From the above results, the authors could confirm the elevation of the total serum CPK activity in the schizophrenics as compared to the normal controls. They also suggest further probing into the alterations of the isoenzymes with sufficient number of the subjects and with more refined procedures.

EC 대통합과 한국기업의 진출 전략

金吉平 漢城大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

Ec Integration for the "Europe of one" in Dec.31, 1992 inplies the very important. it is a single Ec Market. The Korean's foreign trade which is dependent on the U.S. and Japan Should take necesoary measures for the export and Import diversity. U.S. Japan and Taiwan has looked into the Ec Market which has the very possibility so as to be of great advantage to them. But the Korean firms has not the strategies for EC's adwance. Therefore, with growing concern with EC integration, the Korean firms must prepare for it. o Knowledge for the first export market. o M & A Strategy. o Pan-European Marketing. o Increase of International competiticeness. o Cooperation between Korean firm, we can cover the disadvantage occured owing to EC integration and get the international Business.

Notch interferes with the scaffold function of JNK-interacting protein 1 to inhibit the JNK signaling pathway.

Kim, Jin Woo,Kim, Myung Jin,Kim, Kwang Je,Yun, Hee Jae,Chae, Ji Soo,Hwang, Sang Gil,Chang, Tong-Shin,Park, Hee-Sae,Lee, Kang-Woo,Han, Pyung-Lim,Cho, Ssang-Goo,Kim, Tae-Wan,Choi, Eui-Ju National Academy of Sciences 2005 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.102 No.40

<P>The transmembrane protein Notch is cleaved by gamma-secretase to yield an active form, Notch intracellular domain (Notch-IC), in response to the binding of ligands, such as Jagged. Notch-IC contributes to the regulation of a variety of cellular events, including cell fate determination during embryonic development as well as cell growth, differentiation, and survival. We now show that Notch1-IC suppresses the scaffold activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein 1 (JIP1) in the JNK signaling pathway. Notch1-IC physically associated with the JNK binding domain of JIP1 and thereby interfered with the interaction between JIP1 and JNK. JIP1 mediated the activation of JNK1 induced by glucose deprivation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and ectopic expression of Notch1-IC inhibited JNK activation and apoptosis triggered by glucose deprivation. Taken together, these findings suggest that Notch1-IC negatively regulates the JNK pathway by disrupting the scaffold function of JIP1.</P>

Time-evolving genetic networks reveal a NAC troika that negatively regulates leaf senescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Kim, Hyo Jung,Park, Ji-Hwan,Kim, Jingil,Kim, Jung Ju,Hong, Sunghyun,Kim, Jeongsik,Kim, Jin Hee,Woo, Hye Ryun,Hyeon, Changbong,Lim, Pyung Ok,Nam, Hong Gil,Hwang, Daehee National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.21

<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Leaf senescence is regulated in a complex manner, involving time-dependent interactions with developmental and environmental signals. Genetic screens have identified key regulators of senescence, particularly late-stage senescence regulators. Recently, time-course gene-expression and network analyses, mostly analyses of static networks, have predicted many senescence regulators. However, senescence is defined by time-evolving networks, involving the temporal transition of interactions among senescence regulators. Here, we present time-evolving networks of NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors, central regulators of leaf senescence in <I>Arabidopsis</I>, via time-course gene-expression analysis of NACs in their mutants. These time-evolving networks revealed a unique regulatory module of NACs that controls the timely induction of senescence-promoting processes at a presenescent stage of leaf aging.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Senescence is controlled by time-evolving networks that describe the temporal transition of interactions among senescence regulators. Here, we present time-evolving networks for NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors in <I>Arabidopsis</I> during leaf aging. The most evident characteristic of these time-dependent networks was a shift from positive to negative regulation among NACs at a presenescent stage. ANAC017, ANAC082, and ANAC090, referred to as a “NAC troika,” govern the positive-to-negative regulatory shift. Knockout of the NAC troika accelerated senescence and the induction of other <I>NAC</I>s, whereas overexpression of the NAC troika had the opposite effects. Transcriptome and molecular analyses revealed shared suppression of senescence-promoting processes by the NAC troika, including salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, but with predominant regulation of SA and ROS responses by ANAC090 and ANAC017, respectively. Our time-evolving networks provide a unique regulatory module of presenescent repressors that direct the timely induction of senescence-promoting processes at the presenescent stage of leaf aging.</P></▼2>

현대 무도 교육의 방향

김길평(Gil Pyung Kim),김주훈(Joo Hoon Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2004 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.22

Modern martial arts is the means of mental, educational, and philosophical means in the aspects of the precious battle or techniques, and the part of life. The education of martial arts changes into the martial arts as the mental cultures, that of the education, that of social ethnic values, and that of life and arts in the modem. Martial education is the way to make the body and the spirits one, that is, the discipline through which persons practice fidelity, filial piety, manners, and wisdom based on the oriental traditional thoughts of confucianism, buddhism, and Taoism. But, now, the modem society has the increasing social problems including irregularities and corruption, distrustful trends, immoralities, misdeeds, and crimes as the anti-social behaviors, and its importance is recognized. First, the martial arts as the mental cultures : We(People) call the 21st century the age of `Mental Culture`, which plays a significant role to set up a justice and the sense of value and then to make a foundation on mental culture-revolution by educating a traditionalmilitary arts in each country. Second, the martial arts as the social, ethnic, and moral education : Military arts training has a value as an educational role from teaching the moral, ethical rule, attitude, and goodwill by a progress of exercising the sutras, pursuit of knowledge, conjury, and morality to heal our society`s pathological phenomenon. Third, the martial arts as the cultural education in the school : Correcting a negative effect of school education, establishing one`s personality and the sense of value, and fostering asociality are required as superintendent of educational affairs from military arts tutoring. Forth, the martial arts as quality of life : Military arts education prefers a happy life by increasing the life quaility while goodwill training in conjury requires military arts progress which technique art is altered into personality art. So, modern martial arts education is valuable because we can pursue the rights of happiness by elevating the characteristics training, making the right society, and quality of life through comprehension of making the body and the spirits one.

The RAV1 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Woo, Hye Ryun,Kim, Jin Hee,Kim, Junyoung,Kim, Jeongsik,Lee, Ung,Song, In-Ja,Kim, Jin-Hong,Lee, Hyo-Yeon,Nam, Hong Gil,Lim, Pyung Ok Oxford University Press 2010 Journal of experimental botany Vol.61 No.14

<P>Leaf senescence is a developmentally programmed cell death process that constitutes the final step of leaf development and involves the extensive reprogramming of gene expression. Despite the importance of senescence in plants, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. This study reports the isolation and functional analysis of <I>RAV1</I>, which encodes a RAV family transcription factor. Expression of <I>RAV1</I> and its homologues is closely associated with leaf maturation and senescence. <I>RAV1</I> mRNA increased at a later stage of leaf maturation and reached a maximal level early in senescence, but decreased again during late senescence. This profile indicates that RAV1 could play an important regulatory role in the early events of leaf senescence. Furthermore, constitutive and inducible overexpression of <I>RAV1</I> caused premature leaf senescence. These data strongly suggest that RAV1 is sufficient to cause leaf senescence and it functions as a positive regulator in this process.</P>

NORE1/SAUL1 integrates temperature‐dependent defense programs involving SGT1b and PAD4 pathways and leaf senescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Lee, Il Hwan,Lee, In Chul,Kim, Jeongsik,Kim, Jin Hee,Chung, Eui‐,Hwan,Kim, Hyo Jung,Park, Su Jin,Kim, Yong Min,Kang, Sin Kyu,Nam, Hong Gil,Woo, Hye Ryun,Lim, Pyung Ok Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2016 Physiologia plantarum Vol.158 No.2

<P>Leaf senescence is not only primarily governed by developmental age but also influenced by various internal and external factors. Although some genes that control leaf senescence have been identified, the detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying integration of diverse senescence‐associated signals into the senescence programs remain to be elucidated. To dissect the regulatory pathways involved in leaf senescence, we isolated the <I>not oresara1‐1</I> (<I>nore1‐1</I>) mutant showing accelerated leaf senescence phenotypes from an EMS‐mutagenized <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> population. We found that altered transcriptional programs in defense response‐related processes were associated with the accelerated leaf senescence phenotypes observed in <I>nore1‐1</I> through microarray analysis. The <I>nore1‐1</I> mutation activated defense program, leading to enhanced disease resistance. Intriguingly, high ambient temperature effectively suppresses the early senescence and death phenotypes of <I>nore1‐1</I>. The gene responsible for the phenotypes of <I>nore1‐1</I> contains a missense mutation in <I>SENESCENCE‐ASSOCIATED E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE 1</I> (<I>SAUL1</I>), which was reported as a negative regulator of premature senescence in the light intensity‐ and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4)‐dependent manner. Through extensive double mutant analyses, we recently identified <I>suppressor of the G2 Allele of SKP1b</I> (<I>SGT1b</I>), one of the positive regulators for disease resistance conferred by many resistance (R) proteins, as a downstream signaling component in NORE1‐mediated senescence and cell death pathways. In conclusion, NORE1/SAUL1 is a key factor integrating signals from temperature‐dependent defense programs and leaf senescence in <I>Arabidopsis</I>. These findings provide a new insight that plants might utilize defense response program in regulating leaf senescence process, possibly through recruiting the related genes during the evolution of the leaf senescence program.</P>

Gene regulatory cascade of senescence-associated NAC transcription factors activated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2-mediated leaf senescence signalling in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Kim, Hyo Jung,Hong, Sung Hyun,Kim, You Wang,Lee, Il Hwan,Jun, Ji Hyung,Phee, Bong-Kwan,Rupak, Timilsina,Jeong, Hana,Lee, Yeonmi,Hong, Byoung Seok,Nam, Hong Gil,Woo, Hye Ryun,Lim, Pyung Ok Oxford University Press 2014 Journal of experimental botany Vol.65 No.14

<P>Leaf senescence is a finely tuned and genetically programmed degeneration process, which is critical to maximize plant fitness by remobilizing nutrients from senescing leaves to newly developing organs. Leaf senescence is a complex process that is driven by extensive reprogramming of global gene expression in a highly coordinated manner. Understanding how gene regulatory networks involved in controlling leaf senescence are organized and operated is essential to decipher the mechanisms of leaf senescence. It was previously reported that the trifurcate feed-forward pathway involving <I>EIN2</I>, <I>ORE1</I>, and <I>miR164</I> in <I>Arabidopsis</I> regulates age-dependent leaf senescence and cell death. Here, new components of this pathway have been identified, which enhances knowledge of the gene regulatory networks governing leaf senescence. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed six senescence-associated NAC transcription factors (TFs) (ANAC019, AtNAP, ANAC047, ANAC055, ORS1, and ORE1) as candidate downstream components of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2). EIN3, a downstream signalling molecule of EIN2, directly bound the <I>ORE1</I> and <I>AtNAP</I> promoters and induced their transcription. This suggests that EIN3 positively regulates leaf senescence by activating <I>ORE1</I> and <I>AtNAP</I>, previously reported as key regulators of leaf senescence. Genetic and gene expression analyses in the <I>ore1 atnap</I> double mutant revealed that ORE1 and AtNAP act in distinct and overlapping signalling pathways. Transient transactivation assays further demonstrated that ORE1 and AtNAP could activate common as well as differential NAC TF targets. Collectively, the data provide insight into an EIN2-mediated senescence signalling pathway that coordinates global gene expression during leaf senescence via a gene regulatory network involving EIN3 and senescence-associated NAC TFs.</P>

Materials (Organic, Inorganic, Electronic, Thin Films), Polymer, Fluidization, Particle Technology : Temperature Fluctuations and Heat Transfer in a Circulating Fluidized Bed

( Pyung Seob Song ),( Yi Yeong Jeong ),( Jong Sung Yun ),( Gil Su Choi ),( Yong Kang ),( Sang Done Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.19 No.6

Comparative transcriptome analysis in Arabidopsis <i>ein2</i> / <i>ore3</i> and <i>ahk3</i> / <i>ore12</i> mutants during dark-induced leaf senescence

Kim, Jeongsik,Park, Su Jin,Lee, Il Hwan,Chu, Hyosub,Penfold, Christopher A,Kim, Jin Hee,Buchanan-Wollaston, Vicky,Nam, Hong Gil,Woo, Hye Ryun,Lim, Pyung Ok Oxford University Press 2018 Journal of experimental botany Vol.69 No.12

<▼1><P>Ethylene and cytokinin play antagonistic roles in the regulation of leaf senescence via EIN2/ORE3-dependent transcriptional regulation of stress responses and AHK3/ORE12-dependent transcriptional maintenance of the translational machinery, respectively.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Leaf senescence involves degenerative but active biological processes that require balanced regulation of pro- and anti-senescing activities. Ethylene and cytokinin are major antagonistic regulatory hormones that control the timing and progression rate of leaf senescence. To identify the roles of these hormones in the regulation of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis, global gene expression profiles in detached leaves of the wild type, an ethylene-insensitive mutant (<I>ein2</I>/<I>ore3</I>), and a constitutive cytokinin response mutant (<I>ahk3/ore12</I>) were investigated during dark-induced leaf senescence. Comparative transcriptome analyses revealed that genes involved in oxidative or salt stress response were preferentially altered in the <I>ein2</I>/<I>ore3</I> mutant, whereas genes involved in ribosome biogenesis were affected in the <I>ahk3/ore12</I> mutant during dark-induced leaf senescence. Similar results were also obtained for developmental senescence. Through extensive molecular and physiological analyses in <I>ein2</I>/<I>ore3</I> and <I>ahk3/ore12</I> during dark-induced leaf senescence, together with responses when treated with cytokinin and ethylene inhibitor, we conclude that ethylene acts as a senescence-promoting factor via the transcriptional regulation of stress-related responses, whereas cytokinin acts as an anti-senescing agent by maintaining cellular activities and preserving the translational machinery. These findings provide new insights into how plants utilize two antagonistic hormones, ethylene and cytokinin, to regulate the molecular programming of leaf senescence.</P></▼2>