만성 승모판 패쇄부전증 환자에서의 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기 투여 효과

김대희,이명묵,이해영,조현재,박승정,서재빈,서정원,양한모,윤창환,조상호,이준희,김용진,김명아,손대원,오병희,박영배 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

리네졸리드와 반코마이신을 교대로 투여하여 치료한 지속성 메티실린 내성 황색포도알균 균혈증 1예

김낙현,김문석,장은선,강유민,김가연,장희창,박완범,김의종,김남중,오명돈 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.6

Persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is frequently defined as bacteremia persisting for ≥7 days despite proper antibiotic therapy. Its treatment includes removal of all infection foci and proper antibiotic therapy. Vancomycin remains the antibiotic of choice in MRSA bacteremia. Alternative agents, linezolid or daptomycin, are available, but a consensus regarding management of persistent MRSA bacteremia on vancomycin failure is still lacking. We report a case of a 60-year-old male who received thoracoabdominal aorta replacement operation due to dissecting aneurysm of the ascending and descending aorta. Surgical site infection and bacteremia caused by MRSA occured, and wound debridement operations were performed. The patient was treated with vancomycin in therapeutic doses but MRSA bacteremia persisted for 168 days in a row. Although the inserted aortic graft was the most probable source of persistent bacteremia, surgical removal was impossible. Linezolid was administered as an alternative antibiotic but had to be discontinued from time to time due to thrombocytopenia induced by this agent. In the end, MRSA bacteremia was successfully managed by alternating vancomycin-linezolid therapy.

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성

송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.

牛·李黨爭의 성격과 그 의미

金明姬 湖南大學校 1997 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.18 No.1

The 'Nui-Li factional strife(牛李黨爭)' which started with a personal conflict between Niu Seng-ju(牛僧孺 : ?-847) and Li Te-yu(李德裕 : 787-850), is known as one cause of T'ang dynasty's final fall. During the 820s the personal conflict became open political struggle within the Ch'ang-an(長安) bureaucracy and each party had been drawing people into political involvement and finally formed two 'factions(tang : 黨)'. A tang did not solicit members on grounds of policy differences, as a political party might do today; it did not have a strong cellular structure; and its membership was not fixed. One man was likely to be linked to the next, in a never-ending chain of accusations, for quite personal reasons. These included family connections, common origins, patronage relationships either in the examinations or in the course of an official career, colleague relationships, and simple instances of friendship and enmity. The factionalism in mid - T'ang dynasty actually involves only a few leaders on both sides -, what they did, with whom they were allied, and with whom they were at odds. The poor quality of the evidence concerning Niu-Li controversy prevents us to discuss the historical meaning of the mid - T'ang factionalism any deeper. It especially undercuts the various attempts to identify ideological positions or sociological differentiation as causes of the formation of the factions. The faction leaders were in pursuit of political power, and they attracted followers who hoped to share in the spoils. This should be evident from the story of the disputed examination of 821. The examination system was still at an early stage of development under the T'ang. It is only under the Ming and Ch'ing dynasty that the standards of objectivity associated with the examination system. While the Niu-Li controversy lasted, factionalism transformed the examination itself into a political event. The overtones of moral decay in the word tang were so strong that accuser, as well as accused, might find himself on the road to exile. A very different situation took shape under the weaker emperors of the 820s and 830s. The one determined attempt to put an end to factionalism before it had run its course - the so-called Sweet Dew plot of 835 - was an utter disaster. Another reason for the unusual intensity, and subsequent notoriety, of the Niu-Li controversy was the participation of eunuchs(宦官) in factional politics. The growth of eunuch power and the creation of the various offices that were their special preserve, had on the whole been resisted by literati officials in the latter half of the eighth century. But after the failure of the Wangs to undermine the eunuchs in 805, a number of the shrewder bureaucrats must have realized that eunuchs were part of the political world of Ch'ang-an. The participants in court intrigue criss-crossed the line between the inner and outer courts, in search of the strongest allies they could find. By the mid-820, then the eunuchs were fully integrated into the highest T'ang political circles, and the entire court had become the arena for factional struggle. From that time until the end of the dynasty, it was virtually impossible for any politician wishing to be effective in government affairs to avoid extensive contact with eunuchs. The 'Nui-Li factional strife(牛李黨爭)' which started with a personal conflict between Niu Seng-ju(牛僧孺) and Li Te-yu(李德裕) changed into political dispute(政見의 爭) and again, in the end, it transformed into party's "emotional conflict(意氣의 爭)" which involves all the Ch'ang-an(長安) bureaucracy. I have tried to emphasize the political aspect of the controversy in this paper, and the result was not satisfactory mainly because of the poor materials on the event. Yet I hope to continue this theme to probe the political features of the mid-T'ang factionalism.

인문계 고등학생들의 여가활동 유형

김명희 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

This study elects 934 high school students in Chobuk, conducts the survey of the actual condition of the youn' s leisure, and comes to a conclusion as follows. 1. the young spend mean 7 hours a day on class, mean 6 hours on sieeping, and mean 1-2 hours on self-learning. their spending money is less than 30,000 won and is not enough as the past years. 2. While 33.2% of respondents answered they were trained for leisure activities, 66.8% were not. Also thesurvey indicates that 79.9% of the young think a leisure course will be contrbute to sound youth. 3. In kinds of leisure, the young prefer computer game, watching TV, video game, or listening to music which are not active. It is required to guide them to enjoy active leisure activities together. 4. the young think their leisure time is not enough, average(41%) and not enough(37.5%). Especially, thy cannot have enough time to enjoy leisure(62.5%). 5. The young are not satisfied of leisure facilities.

唐代 良賤制 施行에 관한 小考

金明姬 호남대학교 1986 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.7 No.2

The ‘common-servile’system was established in the T'ang dynasty in the place of the ‘official-freemen(shih-suh: )’system when the government issued the system of laws and statutes. I introduced a few scholars’views concering the system in T'ang China. Most of the scholars viewed the system in a way to promote the atatus of the servile people in society; and said the cause for such action lies on the increasing importance of servile people' role in production especially in agriculture. I here ventured to make an assumption that the system was not appeared for the sake of servile people but for the commoners; T' ang government wanted to include the commoners into ‘etiquette order in authoritative rule’(li: order), before which was only expected from the official (shih; ) class. Although this view is not yet confirmed in the study of social structure in T' ang China, it will helf to broaden the scope of the study in future.

혈액에서 분리된 세균의 항생제감수성 : Vitek System을 이용한 최소억제농도측정 Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Determined by Vitek System

김의종,김선주,신보문,박명희,조한익,김상인 대한화학요법학회 1988 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of total 148 strains isolated from blood culture at Seoul National University Hospital were determined by Vitek System. 90% MIC of gram-negative bacteria against amikacin was 2-16㎍/㎖, and those against beta-lactams was > 16㎍/㎖ in general, Except Salmonella spp,. 90% MIC against chloramphenicol and tetracycline was >8㎍/㎖. Range of 90% MIC against vancomycin was ≤.5-4㎍/㎖ in case of garm-positive bacteria, except Enterococcus spp. which showed 90% MIC as >16㎍/㎖. Against ampicillin, 90% MIC of Staphylococcus spp. was >16㎍/㎖, but those of Streptococcus spp. was ≤.25-2㎍/㎖. Streptococcus viridans group showed 90%MIC against penicillin as ≤.03㎍/㎖. Susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria was generally 98% against amikacin, and those of gram-positive bacteria was 80% against vancomycin. 34% of Staphylococcus spp. was resistant of oxacillin. These results may be useful for the primary selection and the dosage determination of antibiotics in the treatment of patients with bacteremia.

牛.李黨爭 시기의 원진의 役割

金明姬 호남대학교 1999 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.20 No.1

Yuan Chen(원진:779-831), who shared the literary limelight with Po Chu-i(白居易:772-846), has been overshadowed by his friend in politics as well as in literary frame. Still Yuan Chen is known to be one of the best poet who wrote a quantity of poems lamenting upon the shadowy side of society and the life of high officials in mid-T'ang dynasty. His political career seems to be failed, because he served very short term as a minister in central government and most of his time spent as commissioner in province far out from the capital city of Ch'ang An (長安), and banishment from Ch'ang-an was regarded as punishment, because it was the hub of all cultural and political activities, where all the important decisions affecting the lives of the populace were made. After the An-Shih Rebellion which marks a key turning point in T'ang history, Ch'ang-an was sacked once more in 783 by mutinous troops. And the tivetans, who also took advantage of china's internal troubles and military weakness, revolted and marched to the capital. The bureaucrats in the court were divided in their views regarding the policies of the central government toward the outlying districts. Factions at court, divided politically and by social origin, became so strong that the entire administration was threatened. The Yuan-ho(元和) era was inaugurated in 806 under the emperor Hsien-tsung(憲宗:r.806-820), who came to the throne with eunuch and military backing. Meanwhile, under his own administration, new cliques formed around the aristocratic scholar-officials of the traditional hereditary ruling class on the one side, and newcomers or parvenus on the other. The latter, as a rule, were young intellectuals, whose backgrounds and sympathies identified them with the common people. It is to this new faction that Yuan Chen seems to have belonged, although by lineage he was a descendant of the imperial house of the Toba-Wei(拓跋魏:386-552) that ruled North China during the Southern and Northern dynasties. The so-called 'new faction' to which Yuan Chen belonged was led by Niu Seng-ju(牛僧孺:779-848) and Li Tsung-min(李宗閔:d.806), who represented the young intellectuals then rising to power through the examination system. They were more conscious of the sufferings of the people caused by official injustice and corruption, and they believed that social and political rather than military solutions were needed to remedy the nation's ills. The opposing faction was led by Li Te-yu(李德裕:787-850), son of the Chief Minister Li Chi-fu(李吉甫:758-812), who represented conservative elements with long ties of association to the imperial house and hereditary titles dating back to the founding the dynasty. The struggle for political power between these two factions, intensified by personal feuds among the party leaders, continued for almost fifty years, and weakened the bureaucratic structure upon which the empire rested and strengthened further the power of the eunuchs who had entrenched themselves in the central administration and armies. To stabilize its own position, each party tried to enlist the support of influential eunuchs. Yuan Chen began his own official career under complicated political climate and his political career fluctuated between high office and demotion and banishment, as if it had been planned long before his time. The emperor Mu-tsung (穆宗:821-824) favored him with special affection and appointed him to the position of chief minister. But party factionalism, eunuch intrigue, and power politics were too violently antagonistic at that time, and Yuan Chen could not keep the position for long, and even the emperor was unable to protect him from such enmity. Despite his brilliance as an administrator with high ideals, Yuan Chen was regarded, after all, as an 'upstart,' a parvenu. He pacifist policies antagonized the "palace guard" who believed that the authority of the central government must be restored by force. Moreover, too eager to have the clean government, he declared war against corruption and extortion wherever he found them. As a consequence of his exposure of illegal dealings and corruption in high places, he aroused the wrath of powerful political leaders and eunuch factions. Had Yuan Chen remained in the position of chief minister longer, it is possible he might have been able to accomplish some of the things he originally set out to do, and which party he had belonged to would never changed the matter. But his term in office lasted only a few months.

시스템의 處理率 向上과 交錯 狀態 豫防에 관한 시뮬레이션 硏究

金明姬,朴美卿 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1989 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.43 No.-

본 연구는 87년 3월부터 6월 사이에 이화 여대의 VAX-11/780 시스템에서 발생하였던 심각한 시스템 정체 현상의 원인 분석과 이에 따른 해결 방안을 강구하고자 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 방법에 따라 대상 시스템을 모델화한 후 당시 상황을 구현하여 이에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 소형 컴퓨터 시스템의 경우 하나의 교착 상태 발생으로도 시스템 정체를 일으킬 수 있으며, 특히 대상 시스템에서는 주기억 장치와 보조기억 장치 사이의 프로세스 진행과정에서 교착 상태가 발생하였음을 알아내었다. 또한 그 원인으로는 처리해야 할 작업량에 비해 주기억 장치의 용량이 부족한데 있었고, 당시의 작업 부하량에 맞는 최소 주기억 용량으로 그 크기를 확장함으로써 문제를 해결할 수 있었다. 그밖에 주기억 용량 확장에 따른 처리가능한 작업량 및 시스템의 처리율 향상을 예측할 수 있었다. VAX-11/780 at Ewha Womans University experienced a serious system blocking during the first semester of 1987. This paper describes a simulation model of the system, which we constructed to study the cause of the problem. Both the VAX-11/780 system behavior and workload were modeled. The analysis of the simulation indicates that the cause was the deadlock associated with the memory resources. This paper suggests a method which prevents the deadlock occurrence and hence avoids the system throughput degradation. Also, this paper describes the relation among memory size, workload and the system throughput in the target VAX system.