http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
고온/고압 조건에서의 석탄 촤 내부 및 외부 가스화 반응효과
김경민(Gyeong-Min Kim),김진호(Jin-Ho Kim),리산디케빈요하네스(Kevin Yohanes Lisandy),김량균(Ryang-Gyoon Kim),김규보(Gyu-Bo Kim),전충환(Chung-Hwan Jeon) 한국연소학회 2016 한국연소학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Reactivity of gasification defined by bouardard reaction is critical parameter in efficiency of the gasifier. In this study, char reactivity of the gasification was derived from the experiments using the intrinsic reaction kinetics model. Pressurized wire mesh heating reactor (PWMR) can produce high temperature and high pressure conditions up to 50 atm and 1750 K, respectively and PWMR was designed to evaluate the intrinsic reaction kinetics of CO₂ gasification. In this study, Kideco and KCH (sub-bituminous Indonesian coal) were pulverized and converted into char. Experiments used the PWMR were conducted and the conditions of the temperature and pressure were 1373~1673 K, 1~40 atm. To distinguish the pressure effect from high pressurized condition, internal and external effectiveness factors were considered. Finally, the intrinsic kinetics of the Kideco and KCH coal char were derived from n<SUP>th</SUP> order reaction rate equations.
General and Facile Coating of Single Cells via Mild Reduction
Kim, Hyunbum,Shin, Kwangsoo,Park, Ok Kyu,Choi, Daheui,Kim, Hwan D.,Baik, Seungmin,Lee, Soo Hong,Kwon, Seung-Hae,Yarema, Kevin J.,Hong, Jinkee,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Hwang, Nathaniel S. American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.140 No.4
<P>Cell surface modification has been extensively studied to enhance the efficacy of cell therapy. Still, general accessibility and versatility are remaining challenges to meet the increasing demand for cell-based therapy. Herein, we present a facile and universal cell surface modification method that involves mild reduction of disulfide bonds in cell membrane protein to thiol groups. The reduced cells are successfully coated with biomolecules, polymers, and nanoparticles for an assortment of applications, including rapid cell assembly, in vivo cell monitoring, and localized cell-based drug delivery. No adverse effect on cellular morphology, viability, proliferation, and metabolism is observed. Furthermore, simultaneous coating with polyethylene glycol and dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles facilitates enhanced cellular activities in mice, overcoming immune rejection.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2018/jacsat.2018.140.issue-4/jacs.7b08440/production/images/medium/ja-2017-08440m_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja7b08440'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer's disease
Kim, Young Hye,Choi, Se Hoon,D'Avanzo, Carla,Hebisch, Matthias,Sliwinski, Christopher,Bylykbashi, Enjana,Washicosky, Kevin J,Klee, Justin B,Brü,stle, Oliver,Tanzi, Rudolph E,Kim, Doo Yeon Nature Publishing Group 2015 NATURE PROTOCOLS -ELECTRONIC EDITION- Vol.10 No.7
Stem cell technologies have facilitated the development of human cellular disease models that can be used to study pathogenesis and test therapeutic candidates. These models hold promise for complex neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), because existing animal models have been unable to fully recapitulate all aspects of pathology. We recently reported the characterization of a novel 3D culture system that exhibits key events in AD pathogenesis, including extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau. Here we provide instructions for the generation and analysis of 3D human neural cell cultures, including the production of genetically modified human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) with familial AD mutations, the differentiation of the hNPCs in a 3D matrix and the analysis of AD pathogenesis. The 3D culture generation takes 1–2 d. The aggregation of Aβ is observed after 6 weeks of differentiation, followed by robust tau pathology after 10–14 weeks.
Kim, Do Hyoung,Oh, Yoonbae,Shin, Hojin,Park, Cheonho,Blaha, Charles D.,Bennet, Kevin E.,Kim, In Young,Lee, Kendall H.,Jang, Dong Pyo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Analytical methods Vol.10 No.24
<P>Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an effective method for investigating electro-active neurochemical species. In recent years, FSCV has been used to measure electro-active neurotransmitters in a variety of neuroscience studies. We previously reported on the use of paired-pulse voltammetry (PPV) that enables FSCV to differentiate various analytes and minimize confounding factors by taking advantage of the adsorption characteristics of the analyte on carbon fiber microelectrodes. In spite of a number of studies regarding adsorption/desorption characteristics of neurotransmitters, the difference in adsorption/desorption properties among neurotransmitters has yet to be fully explored. To calculate adsorption/desorption constants for neurotransmitters, we propose the use of multi-waveform FSCV (M-FSCV), which consists of ten triangular waveforms in a single scan. Within the multiple waveforms, the voltammetric response of dopamine decayed exponentially because of the decreased adsorption time period. The decay pattern was mathematically described using adsorption/desorption characteristics and two additional initial points: an exponential decay constant (<I>K</I>) and an initial quantity (<I>A</I>), which were extracted from the decay equation. Using this method, we were able to quantify the decay constant (<I>K</I>-map) and an initial quantity (<I>A</I>-map) color plot in addition to a conventional pseudo color plot. M-FSCV was evaluated with two biogenic amine groups (catecholamines and indolamines) to characterize their inherent adsorption/desorption constants. As a result, the <I>A</I>-map showed a high correlation with concentration and the <I>K</I>-map for each group to be significantly differentiated. These results demonstrate that M-FSCV has the potential to be a useful technique for acquiring additional adsorption/desorption information regarding neurotransmitters.</P>
High-performance self-powered wireless sensor node driven by a flexible thermoelectric generator
Kim, Yong Jun,Gu, Hyun Mo,Kim, Choong Sun,Choi, Hyeongdo,Lee, Gyusoup,Kim, Seongho,Yi, Kevin K.,Lee, Sang Gug,Cho, Byung Jin Elsevier 2018 ENERGY Vol.162 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>As industrial environments expand and become more automated, wireless sensor networks are attracting attention as an essential technology for efficient operation and safety. A wireless sensor node (WSN), self-powered by an energy harvester, can significantly reduce maintenance costs as well as the manpower costs associated with the replacement of batteries. Among the many studies on energy harvesting technologies for self-powered WSNs, however, the harvested power has been too low to be practically used in industrial environments. In this work, we demonstrate a self-powered WSN driven by a flexible thermoelectric generator (f-TEG) with a significantly improved degree of practicality. We developed a large-area f-TEG which can be wrapped around heat pipes with various diameters, improving their usability and scalability. A study was conducted to optimize the performance of the f-TEG for a particular WSN application, and an f-TEG fabricated with an area of 140 × 113 mm<SUP>2</SUP> harvested 272 mW of energy from a heat pipe at a temperature of 70 °C. We also tested a complete self-powered WSN system capable of the remote monitoring of the heat pipe temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, CO<SUB>2</SUB> and volatile organic compound concentrations via LoRa communication. The fabricated self-powered WSN system can wirelessly transmit the data at distances as long as 500 m.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Self-powered wireless sensor node is realized using flexible thermoelectric generator. </LI> <LI> Structural design is carefully optimized to maximize the harvested power. </LI> <LI> Maximum harvested power density is 2.2 mW·cm<SUP>−2</SUP> on the heat pipe at 70 °C. </LI> <LI> Fabricated wireless sensor node can transmit five sensor data up to 500 m distance. </LI> </UL> </P>
The Procedural Benefits of Arbitrating Patent Disputes
Kim, Kap-You (Kevin),Khalil, Umaer The Korean Association of Arbitration Studies 2016 중재연구 Vol.26 No.3
This paper considers how various types of patent disputes can be more efficiently resolved through arbitration, rather than litigation. For this analysis, it takes three types of patent disputes as a control sample - contractual disputes, infringement disputes and FRAND disputes - and assess how these disputes can be better resolved through arbitration in terms of several criteria, namely, the suitability of the decision-makers, the number of forums in which disputes have to separately decided and enforced, procedural flexibility and confidentiality. The paper takes into consideration that certain types of patent disputes, such as infringement disputes and FRAND disputes are unlikely to be subject to pre-existing arbitration agreements. In these types of disputes, parties may make the decision between arbitration and litigation based on strategic and tactical concerns, rather than legal ones. The paper concludes that, given this limitation, it is not possible to categorically state whether arbitration is more suitable than litigation for resolving patent disputes. The most sensible course to follow in adopting arbitration for patent disputes is for legal advisors to be familiar with the intricate benefits and pitfalls of arbitration in patent disputes, and to actively consider referring a dispute to arbitration over litigation after a dispute has arisen.
High thermal conductivity in amorphous polymer blends by engineered interchain interactions
Kim, Gun-Ho,Lee, Dongwook,Shanker, Apoorv,Shao, Lei,Kwon, Min Sang,Gidley, David,Kim, Jinsang,Pipe, Kevin P. Nature Publishing Group 2015 Nature materials Vol.14 No.3
Thermal conductivity is an important property for polymers, as it often affects product reliability (for example, electronics packaging), functionality (for example, thermal interface materials) and/or manufacturing cost. However, polymer thermal conductivities primarily fall within a relatively narrow range (0.1–0.5 W m<SUP>−1</SUP> K<SUP>−1</SUP>) and are largely unexplored. Here, we show that a blend of two polymers with high miscibility and appropriately chosen linker structure can yield a dense and homogeneously distributed thermal network. A sharp increase in cross-plane thermal conductivity is observed under these conditions, reaching over 1.5 W m<SUP>−1</SUP> K<SUP>−1</SUP> in typical spin-cast polymer blend films of nanoscale thickness, which is approximately an order of magnitude larger than that of other amorphous polymers.