주의력 결핍/과잉 운동 장애에서의 정량화 뇌파 소견

김붕년,권준수,신민섭,조수철,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 주의력 결핍/과잉 운동 장애(ADHD) 환아군과 나이 및 성별을 일치시킨 정상 대조군간의 정량화 뇌파 소견상에서의 차이를 규명하여 ADHD의 병태생리를 시경생리학적인 견지에서 이해하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 스펙트럼 뇌파 분석법을 이용하여, 20명의 약물 비노출 ADHD 환아군과 20명의 정상 대조군간에 차이를 보았다. 분석영역은 8개의 양극성 영역으로, 알파, 베타, 델타, 쎄타등 4개의 주파수 영역에 대해 각각 상대력(relative power), 반구간 비대칭성(interhemispheric asymmetry), 반구간 동시성(interhemispheric coherence)의 값을 구하여, student t-test로 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 상대력에 있어서, 환아군이 대조군에 비해 베타파는 두정- 후두엽, 중심역에서 유의하게 감소된 소견을 보였으며, 델타파에 있어서는 전두-측두엽, 두정-후두엽, 중심역 등 다양한 영역에서 증가 소견을 보여, 같은 나이의 대조군에 비해 유의하게 미성숙한 뇌파 양상 보여주었다. 2) 양반구간 동시성에 있어서는 환아군이 대조군에 비해, 베타파에서 유의한 감소 소견을 보여 주었고, 쎄타파에서도 일부 영역에서 감소 소견을 보여 주었다. 이러한 양상은 양반구의 기능적 결합도에 문제가 있음을 나타내는 소견으로 판단된다. 3) 양반구간 비대칭도 평가에 있어서는, 환아군에서 우측의 기능 저하로 인한, 비대칭도 증가 소견을 몇몇 영역에서 보여 주었는데, 베타파는 두정-후두엽, 델타파는 두정-후두-측두엽 등에서 였다. 결 론 : 이러한 주의력 결핍/과잉 운동 장애 환아군과 정상 대조군의 차이는 기존의 뇌 영상학 연구 및 신경 심리 연구 결과와 일치하는 소견이며, 뇌파의 미성숙과 우반구 기능이상 가설을 지지하는 소견이라고 생각된다. Objectives : To find out the distinctive topographic EEG profiles of subject with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comparing with age & sex matched control. Methods : The quantitative electroencephalographies(QEEGs) of 20 drug-native ADHD patients without any other psychiatric diagnosis were analyzed and compared to age and sex-matched controls using spectral analysis. Results : 1) Slow waves(delta and theta) bipolar relative powers of the diverse areas in both hemispheres increased in drug-free ADHD patients, compared to controls. 2) Delta and theta bipolar relative powers of localized centro-temporal areas in left hemispheres increased in drug free ADHD patients compared to controls. 3) Interhemispheric coherence and asymmetry are increased in diverse areas in ADHD patient compared to controls. Conclusions : We confirmed QEEG abnormalities in pure ADHD patients, especially in frontal and parietal areas. These results are compatible with other structural and functional imaging studies of ADHD.

한국인 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동에서 도파민 D4 수용체 유전자의 Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) 다형성과 Methyphenidate 치료 반응간의 연관성

천근아,김붕년,조수철,김재원,황준원,신민섭,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : In the present study, we investigate the association between homozygosity of the 4-repeat allele (4/4) at the DRD4 and the response to the treatment with MPH in Korean children with ADHD. Methods : The present study included 71 children with ADHD (8.231.78 years) from two children's psychiatric clinics in South Korea. All drug-naive children with ADHD were treated with MPH for about 8 weeks. The subjects who showed improvement of over 50% compared with the baseline ARS score after 8 weeks of treatment were termed as the 'good response' group. The subjects who showed an improvement of less than 50% were considered as the 'poor response' group. After genotyping for DRD4 were performed, we investigated correlation between homozygosity for 4-repeat allele at DRD4 and the response to MPH treatment. Results : We found that while 79.5% (31/39) of the subjects with homozygosity of 4-repeat allele at DRD4 showed good response to MPH treatment, 68.8% (22/32) of the subjects without homozygosity of 4-repeat allele at DRD4 showed poor response to MPH treatment according to ARS scores assessed by their parents (χ²= 16.762, df= 1, p<0.01). We also found that while 61.5% (24/39) of the subjects with homozygosity of 4-repeat allele at DRD4 showed good response to MPH treatment, 87.5% (28/32) of the subjects without homozygosity of the 4-repeat allele at DRD4 showed poor response to MPH treatment according to ARS scores assessed by their teachers (χ²= 17.698, df= 1, P<0.01). Conclusion : Our findings support an association between the homozygosity of 4-repeat allele and a good response to MPH in ADHD of Koreans.

주의력결핍과잉행동장애와 Alpha-1C-Adrenergic 수용체 유전자와의 연관성에 대한 연구

조수철,김재원,김붕년,황준원,박미라,김순애,조대연,유희정,정운선,손정우,박태원 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.1

Objectives : Neurobiological and pharmacological research has suggested that the dysregulation of the central noradrenergic systems might be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the association of the alpha-1C-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA1C) with ADHD in Korean subjects. Methods : In a case-control study, we assessed 186 DSM-IV ADHD probands and 150 normal controls. One hundred and eight trios were studied in a family-based association analysis. Psychiatric diagnoses were derived through structured diagnostic interviews. For the clinical evaluation of the ADHD subjects, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ARS) and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) were administered. A computerized continuous performance test (CPT) was used to measure the inattention and impulsivity of the ADHD children. Results : There were no significant differences in the genotype or allele frequencies of the ADRA1C PstI polymorphism between the ADHD and control group (p>0.05). The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis observed no evidence for biased transmission of any of the alleles of the PstI polymorphism. There were no significant differences in the CPT or JTCI profiles between those ADHD subjects with the CC genotype and those with the other (CT+TT) genotypes at the PstI polymorphism. Conclusion : The results of this study do not support the ADRA1C as a major genetic susceptibility factor in ADHD.

한국판 IOWA 코너스 평정 척도의 개발

신민섭,류명은,김붕년,황준원,조수철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1

Objectives : This study was conducted to develop the Korean version of the I0WA Conners rating scale (K-IOWA), and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods : The subjects were 41 normal children and 40 ADHD children between the ages of 5 and 12. All of the teachers administered the K-IOWA and the abbreviated Conners' rating scale to calculate the internal consistency coefficient of the K-I0WA and to examine its validity. Results : The reliability coefficient of the K-IOWA (Cronbach's α) was .913. The range of correlation coefficients between K-IOWA scores and the Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale scores were from .81 to .93. The mean score of the ADHD group on the K-IOWA was significantly higher than that of the normal group. The result of factor analysis showed that the K-IOWA was composed of 2 factors (Inattention/Overactive and Oppositional/Defiant). Conclusion : These results suggest that the K-IOWA rating scale is a very reliable and valid test and it would be useful in diagnostic evaluation and the treatment effect for ADHD children.

마이크로그로브 형태에 따른 평활근 세포 운동 측정

유소영,박찬영,정석,김동익,이병붕,허세호,한동철,장준근 대한혈관외과학회 2002 Vascular Specialist International Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: The spreading, orientation, and chemotaxis the gradient of a chemoattractant of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were studied on the micro-grooved substrata by the light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Method: Vertical-walled grooves were produced in silicon wafers by the micromachining technique. All grooves were 4~20㎛ deep and 10~80㎛ wide, SMCs were cultured on each microgroove and examined under stereo-microscope. Result: Cell clusters were markedly oriented by all the grooved substrata examined. Tim-lapse images acquired from CCD (Charge Coupled Device) showed that the grooves directed the migration of SMCs. There was no prominent difference in the migration speed of SMCs according to the grooves. All the cytoskeletal fibers were reoragnized in the same direction with grooves. Especially the alignments of microtubule and intermediate filaments were distinguished in the SMCs on the micro grooves. Conclusion: These results could be applied to the analysis of vascular restenosis and the development of artificial blood vessels.

주의력결핍/과잉행동장애와 양극성장애 공존 환아군과 주의력결핍/과잉행동장애 환아군의 비교연구

정동선,하규섭,정희연,구훈정,황준원,김붕년,신민섭,조수철,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.6

Objective : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently comorbid with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Among them, bipolar disorder (BPD) has especially attracted growing interest. This is partly due to the fact that early onset BPD has been frequently misdiagnosed as ADHD because of symptomatic overlap. The aim of the present study is to find the differences in demographic data and clinical features of ADHD+BPD and ADHD in children and adolescents. Method : Children and adolescents patients participating in the present study have been enrolled at the child psychiatric clinic since 2004. 14 patients meeting the DSM-IV chteria for ADHD+BPD and 19 patients meeting the criteria for ADHD and 15 healthy comparison subjects were recruited. All groups were evaluated through the Schedule for Affective disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Life Time version-Korean version (K-SADS-PL-K). Demographic data and clinical charactehstics of the subjects were also collected. Parents were asked to complete the Child Behavior Check List(CBCL) and the Toddler Temperamental Scale (TTS) clinical ratings were obtained using the Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS), the Children's Depression Iventory (CDI) and the Dupaul ADHD scale. Clinical variables between ADHD+BPD and ADHD were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. YMRS, CDI, Dupaul ADHD scale (inattention and hyperactivity), CBCL, and TTS among the three groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test. Results : 1) ADHD+BPD group had an earlier onset age of ADHD than ADHD group 2) ADHD+BPD group had more co-morbid psychiathc disorders than ADHD group. 3) Compared to ADHD group, ADHD+BPD had more psychiathc family history, especially mood disorders. 4) ADHD+BPD group had prodromal symptoms such as irritability, anger dyscontrol and academic dysfunction, compared to ADHD group who rarely showed prodromal symptoms. 5) ADHD+BPD group had higher ADHD scores than the ADHD group in the Dupaul ADHD inattentive scale. 6) In global functions of CBCL, ADHD+BPD group showed more impaired functions at home and school than ADHD group. 7) In Attention diagnostic system (ADS), ADHD+BPD group had more omission and commission errors than ADHD group, especially in the visual system. 8) In the subtests of the IQ profile, ADHD+BPD group had lower arithmetic and block design scores than ADHD group. Conclusion : Clinicians have to rule out underlying bipolarity in children and adolescents with ADHD who show earlier age of onset and severe clinical features. Bipolarity should be explored intensively in ADHD children and adolescents who have early onset of symptoms and severe functional impairment.

Synthesis of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) with controlled molecular weight via suspension polymerization catalyzed by amine–copper (I) complexes under various reaction conditions

Kim, Nam Cheol,Kim, Yong Tae,Nam, Sung Woo,Jeon, Boong Soo,Kim, Young Jun Springer-Verlag 2013 Polymer bulletin Vol.70 No.1

The Development of Hanok Ondol(Korean Floor Heating System) Technology and Its Future

Kim Jun Boong,Yoo Uoo Sang,Jin Wu Zhe 국제온돌학회 2016 International Journal of Ondol Vol.9 No.1

In Hanoks which are Korean traditional houses, gudeuls (ondols) are more important than other elements. Recently, demand for Hanoks has been rapidly increasing thanks to the effects of Korean waves and rediscovery of traditions. This paper traced the process of development of gudeul construction technology to examine the definitions of terns and changes in the types of gudeuls and discussed the prospect of future gudeul construction technology.

Optimization for Reduced-Fat / Low-NaCl Meat Emulsion Systems with Sea Mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) and Phosphate

Kim, Cheon-Jei,Hwang, Ko-Eun,Song, Dong-Heon,Jeong, Tae-Jun,Kim, Hyun-Wook,Kim, Young-Boong,Jeon, Ki-Hong,Choi, Yun-Sang Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.4

The effects of reducing fat levels from 30% to 20% and salt concentrations from 1.5% to 1.0% by partially substituting incorporated phosphate and sea mustard were investigated based on physicochemical properties of reduced-fat / low-NaCl meat emulsion systems. Cooking loss and emulsion stability, hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness for reduced-fat / low-NaCl meat emulsion systems with 20% pork back fat and 1.2% sodium chloride samples with incorporation of phosphate and sea mustard were similar to the control with 30% pork back fat and 1.5% sodium chloride. Results showed that reduced-fat / low-NaCl meat emulsion system samples containing phosphate and sea mustard had higher apparent viscosity. The results of this study show that the incorporation of phosphate and sea mustard in the formulation will successfully reduce fat and salt in the final meat products.

Preparation, Chemical, and Thermal Characterization of Nylon 4/6 Copolymers by Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization of 2-Pyrrolidone and ${\varepsilon}$-Caprolactam

Kim, Nam Cheol,Kamal, Tahseen,Park, Soo-Young,Cho, Chang-Gi,Kim, Ji-Heung,Yoo, Young-Tai,Nam, Sung Woo,Jeon, Boong Soo,Kim, Young Jun THE KOREAN FIBER SOCIETY 2014 FIBERS AND POLYMERS Vol.15 No.5

Nylon 4/6 copolymers based on 2-pyrrolidone (C4) and ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactam (C6) were synthesized and characterized as part of ongoing efforts to develop thermally stable, melt-processable 2-pyrrolidone (C4) based Nylons. Copolymers of various compositions were synthesized at between 50 and $100^{\circ}C$ via the anionic ring opening polymerization of C4 and C6 using a potassium tert-butoxide catalyst and a benzoyl chloride initiator. The polymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, DSC, TGA, GPC, intrinsic viscosity measurements, and X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). Their chemical compositions and sequence distributions were obtained by $^1H-$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectroscopies, respectively. X-ray scattering was used to investigate the lamellar morphologies and the crystal structures of solvent cast films of the copolymers. WAXS revealed the presence of ${\alpha}$-phase crystals in the copolymers. TGA data coupled with molecular weight and sequence distribution information indicated that the polymers' thermal stability depended on both their chemical composition and their sequence distribution.