Science and Marxism

Kim, Jong Hwa 덕성여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2004 사회과학연구 Vol.10 No.-

Scrutiny라는 계간 저널은 1932년에 창설되었는데, Cambridge 대학의 Leavis 등을 중심으로 지식인들의 토론 광장으로서의 역할을 수행하였다. 이 연구는 Scrutiny가 다른 주제와 관심사를 Scrutiny와 그에 대한 비판론자들(마르크스주의자들)의 관점에서 과학과 Marxism에 대한 명제를 중심으로 점검해 보았다. 과학과 마르크스주의 관계에 대한 주제는 Scrutiny에서 핵심적 과제로 다루어 졌는데, Scrutiny와 마르크스주의자들의 충돌은 그 저널이 마르크스주의에 개입하면서 시발되었고, 마르크스주의자들은 Scrutiny를 역사적·이념적 궤도 속으로 몰아넣으면서 비판하였다. 마르크스주의자들은 특히 Scrutiny의 정치적 요소 고려에 대한 소홀함이 여러 측면에서 불균형적 논리전개를 표출하고 현실성을 간과하였다고 지적하였다. Scrutiny는 문화의 중요성을 강조하면서 본질적으로 生의 질을 순전히 물질적 개념으로 접근하는 공리주의에 반대하는 입장이었다. 즉 Leavis 등 Scrutiny 편집자들은 생의 질을 논하는데 있어서 물질적 측면과 정신적 측면을 포괄적으로 고려하지 않으면 의미가 없다고 주장하였다. 한걸음 더 나아가, Scrutiny가 중시하는 문화란 사회변혁과 산업화로 파괴된다고 봄으로써 분명히 과학과 실용주의적 요소를 결여하게 되었고 결과적으로는 마르크스주의자들의 Scrutiny에 대한 비판도 여기에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 생각건대 Scrutiny의 정치·사회적 문제에 대한 문화적·도덕적 관행설정으로 Scrutiny가 문화적 엘리트주의에 빠져 문화적 편중접근이라는 비난을 면하기 어렵지만, 도덕적 기준에서 보면 깊이 있게 과학과 마르크스주의를 통찰한 점은 높이 평가 되어야 할 것으로 보여진다.

해도 정보를 이용한 선박의 최적 항로 생성

김민규(Min-Kyu Kim),김종화(Jong-Hwa Kim),양현(Hyun Yang) 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Min-Kyu Kim*․Jong-Hwa Kim**․†최근 자율 운항 선박에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히, MUNIN (Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks) 프로젝트를 계기로 자율 운항 선박에 대한 개발과 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 국제해사기구 IMO는 자율 운항 선박 시대에대응하기 위해 자율 선박을 MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship)라 정의하고 선박 자율화 정도에 따라 4단계 등급을 제시하고 있다. 완전한 자율 운항 선박에 대한 요구조건을 만족하기 위해서는 항로 결정과 제어기술이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 기술 중 선박의최적경로를 생성하는 기법을 다룬다. 기존에 최적항로를 생성하기 위한 방법으로는   , Dijkstra와 같은 알고리즘들이 주로 사용되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 알고리즘은 섬이나 육지에 대한 충돌 회피는 고려하고 있지만 수심 및 연안 선박에 대한 규정들은 고려하지 않고 있어실제로 적용하기에는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 안전을 위해 선박의 선저 여유 수심과, 해도에 규정되어 있는 선박 운항에 대한여러 규정들을 반영하여 최적 항로를 생성하고자 한다. 최적 항로를 생성하기 위한 알고리즘으로는 강화학습 기반의 Q-learning 알고리즘을적용하였다.

Failure with Strain Localization of Aluminum Alloy 7075 Sheets at Elevated Temperature and its Application to Two-Step Hybrid Forming

Jong‑Hwa Hong,Hyunki Kim,Wonjae Kim,Yong‑Nam Kwon,Daeyong Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.4

In this work, the onset of failure induced by severe strain at elevated temperature was numerically estimated with crossformedempirical hardening law describing material softening. The hardening law can replicate the rate-sensitive behaviorof aluminum alloy 7075 sheets (thickness of 2.0 mm) with initial hardening and progressive material deterioration causedby dynamic recrystallization, dynamic recovery, and micro-void development. The characterized material was applied to thetwo-step hybrid forming process consisting of a drawing at 400 °C followed by a pneumatic forming at 470 °C to produce ashock absorber housing with an extremely complex shape. The user-defined subroutine codes, VUMAT (ABAQUS/Explicit)and UMAT (ABAQUS/Standard), were sequentially utilized for the drawing and the pneumatic forming, respectively. Theidentified hardening parameters based on uniaxial tensile tests were validated by simulating the two-step hybrid formingprocess and compared with the conventional Voce type law (converging function) and the combined Swift-Voce type law(ever-increasing function) since they play a key role in accurately predicting the onset of failure induced by severe strainlocalization. Finally, simulation results are reasonably well matched with experiments in terms of the moment of failureoccurrence, failure location, final blank shape, and thickness distribution.

CD34+ 조혈 모세포 이식 2례

김정아,정현식,김원석,윤성수,이홍기,박찬형,박성규,김동욱,이종욱,한치화,민우성,김춘추,김동집 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1996 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Background: In most solid tumors, the CD34 antigen has not been detected, so positive selection of CD34+ cells may reduce tumor cell contamination and the CD34+ cells are capable of reconstituting hematopoiesis. We tried CD34+ cell transplantation in two patients. Method: CD34+ cells from chemotherapy + G-CSF mobilized PBPCs or bone marrow were positively selected with an avidin-biotin immunoadsorption column (CEPRATE SC system). Case 1. One course of chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide(200㎎/㎡) and etoposide (4.2g/㎡), combined with G-CSF(5㎍/㎏) S.C. was used in a relapsed lymphoma patient. This patient responded to the induction chemotherapy. CD34+ cells from harvested bone marrow were selected by the CellPro immunoadsorption column. The total number of mononuclear cells loaded onto the CellPro was 2.4×10^(8)/㎏, with 1.1% CD34+ cells. After column separation, the total number of positively selected cells was 5.16×10^(6)/㎏. The number of CFU-GM was 76.8×10⁴/㎏. This patient was treated with melphalan (140㎎/㎡) and TBI (1200cGy) and the positively selected CD34+ cells were infused. The time to neutrophil recovery greater than 0.5×10^(9)/L was 19 days and the time to platelet recovery greater than 50×10^(9)/L was 21 days. Case 2. Two courses of mobilizing chemotherapy were given 4 weeks apart using taxol(210㎎/m2) and adriamycin(60㎎/m2), combined with G-CSF(5㎍/㎏) S.C. in a breast cancer patients with 7 axillary node metastasis. CD34+ cells from each single leukapheresis product were selected by the CellPro immunoadsorption column. In the first collection, the total number of nucleated cells was 4.4×10^(8)/kg, with 0.42% CD34+ cells. In the second collection, the total number of nucleated cell was 2.8× 10^(8)/㎏ with 0.43% CD34+ cells. After colum separation, the total numbers of collected cells were 4.0×106/kg and 4.8×10^(6)/kg, the total number of CD34+ cells were 1.2×10^(6)/㎏ and 0.82×10^(6)/㎏. Colonogenic assays of positively selected CD34+ cells gave rise to myeloid erythroid, and multilineage colonies, with a median of 190 CFU-GM, 190 BFU-E, and 164 CFU-GEMM per 1×10³ adsorbed cells, respectively. High-dose chemotherapy with cumulative doses of 40mg/㎡ mitoxantrone, 750mg/㎡ thioptepa, and 1000mg/㎡ carboplatin was administered. Positively selected CD34+ cells were rapidly infused 24 hours after the end of high-dose chemotherapy. The time to neutrophil recovery greater than 0.5×10^(9)/L was 16 days and the time to platelet recovery greater than 50×10^(9)/L was 20 days.

인터넷상에서 신뢰성있는 실시간 오디오 스트림 전송방안에 대한 연구

김화종,박상혁 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 1999 정보통신논문지 Vol.3 No.-

This article deals with the basic characteristics of RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) which is approved by the IESG as a real-time transport protocol and presents the audio stream transmission techniques using RTP. On the packet networks like the Internet, packet size is important to transmit the data from the end-point to the other with reliable, and especially influences on the receiving side. The suitable packet size for audio stream transmission and the packet-loss recovery techniques are proposed. In order to find out the suitable packet size and verify the techniques, two hosts over the Ethernet are used, and speech quality with variable packet size, packet loss rate and packet-loss recovery techniques in the Linux environment are evaluated through simulation. Also, the audio stream speech quality is measured through the subjective assessment of multimedia application recommended by ITU-T.

환경시료로부터 미량 페놀류의 분석을 위한 isoButoxycarbonyl 유도체화 분석방법 적용 및 최적화

김협,홍종기,김용화,김경래 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Eleven phenols including two chlorophenols, eight alkylphenols and bisphenol A were derivatized with isobutylchlomformate to form their isobutoxycarbonyl derivatives. Standard phenol mixture was concentrated for the isebutoxycarbonyl (isoBOC) derivatization and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The recoveries of the derivatization method of alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and bisphenol A were calculated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry -selected ion monitoring mode using two work-up methods for comparison; shaking and heating method. The linear detector responses were obtained in the concentration range of 5 -400 ng, with correlation coefficients varying from 0.9755-0,9981. Recoveries of the alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and bisphenol A were determined by gas chromatography /mass spectrometry -selected ion monitoring mode using two work-up methods for comparison; the US-EPA method and the isoBOC derivatization method. Eleven phenols in water samples were extracted with dichloromethane and then concentrated. Also, solid-phase extraction (SPE) with XAD-4 and subsequent conversion to isobutoxymbony derivatives for sensitive analysis with the selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The recoveries were 85.1~109.9% and 90.3~126.6% for the US-EPA method and the isoBOC derivatization method, respectively. The method detection limits of bisphenol A for SIM were 0.732 ㎍/ℓ and 0.002 ㎍/ℓ for the two methods above, respectively.

Rhizopus oryzae KCTC 11970을 이용한 푸마르산 생산조건의 최적화

김진남,양환승,이종일,류화원 全南大學校 觸媒硏究所 2002 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

This work was developed in several steps to find the optimum conditions of fumaric acid production by Rhizopus oryzae KCTC 11970 in flask culture. Six different carbon sources and eleven nitrogen sources were tested. CaCO_3 was used as a neutralizing agent to control pH of medium. The optimum carbon source and nitrogen source were glucose 70 g/L and ammonium sulfate 0.4 g/L, respectively. At this optimum condition, the fumaric acid concentration, yield, and volumetric productivity were 19.33 g/L, 52.8%, and 0.32 g/L/h, respectivity, after fermentation time of 60 hr.

열교환기의 핀과 튜브 접촉부에서의 응력해석

김종화,박명균,양진승 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Usually the contact between fin collar and tube surface for fin-tube heat exchanger is secured by mechanical expansion of the tubes. The objective of the present study is to analyzed the stress distribution around the contact region between the tube and fin. Through this numerical analysis, the thermal contact resistance between them could be understood well so that the performance of heat exchanger could be improved.

Probiotics의 최근연구동향

김진욱,정종근,주치언,이재화 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2005 自然科學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Probiotics는 "장내균종을 개선시켜 줌으로써 숙주동물에게 유익한 영향을 주는 것", "사람 또는 동물 장내 미생물의 균형을 개선시켜 숙주에 효과를 주는 살아있는 미생물 단독 또는 혼합배양물"이라는 의미의 용어이다. Probiotics의 조건에는 효능성, 안전성, 안정성, 분리성의 4가지 조건을 만족시켜야 하며, 식품의 상품성 향상, 면역증강, 유해효소의 합성 억제, 유당 불내증 개선, 장내 유해균의 증식 억제, 장내 균총의 정상화 등 다양한 효능을 가지고 있다. 이런 다양한 효능을 가진 probiotics는 건강식품 및 의료용의 소재, 화장용 소재, 사료 첨가제, 생 백신 개발 재료, 천연 항균물질 생산 등 다양한 곳에 응용되어 사용이 가능하다. Probiotics are living non-pathogenic micro-organisms, which as food ingredients also beneficially affect host's health. These non-pathogenic micro-organisms may be lactic acid bacteria, such as lactobacilli, lactococci, and bifidobacteria, or yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae subspp. boulardii, or bacillus, such as B. subtilis, B. natto, B. licheniformis. Probiotics were originally used to influence both animal and human health through intestinal microbiota alterations. At present, the specific live microbial food ingredients and their effects on human health are studied both within food matrices and as single or mixed culture preparations. Probiotics such as lactobacilli have been reported to effect positively, gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhoea (rotavirus-associated and antibiotic -associated), inflammatory bowel disease, pouchitis, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, lactose absorption, Helicobacter pylori infection and constipation and are increasingly used as a treatment modality. Basic and clinical research should thus be associated to meet the enthusiasm that patients show for a therapeutical approach that they feel to be safer than most drugs currently proposed to them.

乳牛에서 驅蟲效果가 泌乳量과 乳脂率에 미치는 效果에 관한 觀察

金泰鍾,李元暢,尹和重,金世寧 건국대학교 1995 學術誌 Vol.39 No.2

The purpose of this study was make an observation on effects of anthelmintics such as Albendazole, Ivomec-F and Nilzan for amount of milk production and milk fat levels before and after administration on Nematoda, Trematoda and Cestoda in helminths infestated from 218 heads of dairy cattle in Gyongi province. The results are summerizied as follows : Infestation and distribution rate in percent of helminths among the collected fecal samples from dairy cattle are Bunostomum species(spp.) 1.3%, Strongyloides spp. 4.5%, Tricostrongylus spp. 0.8%, Ostertagia spp. 7.3%, Cooperia spp. 4.7%, Nematodrius spp. 1.6%, Haemonchus spp. 5.7% and Oesphagostumum spp. 6.5% in Nematoda, and that of Eurytrema app. 2.1%, Fascioloa spp. 11.8% and Pharamphistomum spp. 51.3% in Trematoda, and that of Moniezia spp. in Cestoda, respectively. After administration for three kinds of anthelminthics infestated dairy cattle, high level of efficacy were confirmed against Nematodes and Cestodes. The average values tend to be incresed amount of milk production and its fat levels after anthelmintics administration on helminths infestated dairy cattle were 1.8 kg and 0.14 % per daily, respectively (p<0.01). Key word : Infestation of helminths in dairy cattle, Effects of milk products.