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Considering Kim’s Dual Identity in the Post-colonial Discourse
Kim Hoyeol 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2015 영미연구 Vol.34 No.-
It is becoming significant for individuals to find their own individual identities, as the today’s ongoing globalization has become much more complicated. A similar situation occurred when the British Empire influenced the world politically, economically, and culturally in the nineteenth century. In order to grasp human intrinsic identities, my thesis aims to use postcolonial theories to examine characters’ identities in a nineteenth-century British novel, Kipling’s Kim (1901). In Kipling’s Kim, I examine Kim, an Irish boy who experiences racial identity confusion by living in British India. Kim’s identity is ambiguous as his background is complicated: his parents are Irish, Kim was born in India, he was educated in a British school, and he participated in the Great Game. It would prove inadequate to try to see Kim’s identity based on binary oppositions, as Kim’s identity is neither British nor native Indian. Aside from simply being a person named Kim, Kim’s identity consists of being someone who has cultural hybridity. Through the main character of Kim, Kipling suggests that a Brit who understands the local Indian culture and society, as Kim does, would govern India with ease. Overall, Kipling’s Kim elaborates on why or how India should be governed by Britain and also seems to justify the British rule of India. In Kim, Kipling creates the main character of Kim, who has cultural hybridity and whose process of personal growth throughout the novel depicts Kipling’s ideas on how to govern India easily. In order to justify British rule in India, Kipling also depicts how British-Indian society was developed by Britain, also through the character of Kim. Looking into characters’ identities throughout nineteenth-century British novels helps modern readers who live in this complicated world to grasp human intrinsic identities.
디젤엔진 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR의 반응률에 관한 연구
이호열(Hoyeol Lee),윤천석(Cheon Seog Yoon),김홍석(Hongsuk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11
Liquid urea based SCR has been used in the market to reduce NOx in the diesel exhaust emission of the vehicle. This system has several problems at low temperature, which are freezing below ?12 ℃, solid deposit formation in the exhaust, and difficulties in dosing system at exhaust temperature below 200 ℃. Also, it is required complicated exhaust packaging equipment and mixer due to supply uniform ammonia concentration. In order to solve these issue, solid urea, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium carbamate are selected as ammonia sources for the application of solid SCR. In this paper, basic research on reaction rate of three ammonia-transporting materials was performed. TGA(Thermogravimetric Analysis) and DTA(Differential Thermal Analysis) tests for these materials are carried out for various heating conditions. From the results, chemical kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor are obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Additionally, from test results of DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimeter) for these materials, chemical kinetic parameters using the Kissinger method are calculated. Activation energies of solid SCR from this experiment are compared with proper data of literature study, then obtained data of this experiment are used for the design of reactor and dosing system for candidate vehicle.
디젤엔진 배출가스의 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR용 가스분사 시스템의 전산유체해석 연구
이호열(Hoyeol Lee),윤천석(Cheon Seog Yoon),김홍석(Hongsuk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5
CFD(computational fluid dynamics) model is developed to simulate direct injection of ammonia gas phase from ammonia transporting materials into the SCR catalyst in the exhaust pipe of the engine with solid SCR. Configurations of one-hole and four-hole nozzle, circumferential type, porous tube type, and the effect of mixer configurations which commonly used in liquid injection of AdBlue are considered for complex geometries. Mal-distribution index related to concentration of ammonia gas, flow uniformity index related to velocity distribution, and pressure drop related to flow resistance are compared for different configurations of complex geometries at the front section of SCR catalyst. These results are used to design the injection system of ammonia gas phase for solid SCR of target vehicle.
디젤엔진 배출가스 질소산화물 저감을 위한 Solid SCR의 반응률에 관한 연구
이호열(Hoyeol Lee),윤천석(Cheon Seog Yoon),김홍석(Hongsuk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.21 No.6
Liquid urea based SCR has been used in the market to reduce NOx in the exhaust emission of the diesel engine vehicle. This system has several problems at low temperature, which are freezing below -12°C, solid deposit formation in the exhaust, and difficulties in dosing system at exhaust temperature below 200°C. Also, it is required complicated exhaust packaging equipment and mixer due to supply uniform ammonia concentration. In order to solve these issues, solid urea, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium carbamate are selected as ammonia sources for the application of solid SCR. In this paper, basic research on reaction rate of three ammonia-transporting materials was performed. TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) and DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) tests for these materials are carried out for various heating conditions. From the results, chemical kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor are obtained from the Arrhenius plot. Additionally, from test results of DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) for these materials, chemical kinetic parameters using the Kissinger method are calculated. Activation energies of solid SCR from this experiment are compared with proper data of literature study, then obtained data of this experiment are used for the design of reactor and dosing system for candidate vehicle.