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이주용,조준,박호권,장상근,문창택,한혜승,이경룡 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.14 No.-
The authors in this manuscript aimed to provide a practical importance of the differential diagnosis of intracranial brain tumor with emphasis on non-neoplastic abnormalities such as cytotoxic edema of the penumbra zone in strokes. The well known SOLs are cerebral ischemic, inflammatory and dysplastic lesions, which intraaxially imitate glioma and other neurogenic tumors. Brain tumor is the one of common intracranial space-occupying lesions (SOLs) on the diagnostic images. However, many non-neoplastic lesions may be indistinguishable from tumors. Especially, early mortality used to be caused by space-occupying hyperacute ischemic stroke, brain edema and herniations. For the retrospective analysis, the authors reviewed the patient charts, the emergency brain Computerized Tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), clinical stroke history. From Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2003, we managed total 61 acute strokes in ICU. Even though we operated six decompressive craniotomies, nine stereotactic craniotomies including two procedures of brain biopsy and three extraventricular drainage procedures, three patients (4.91%) were finally expired out from the induced herniation and medullary failure by those aggressive strokes. 43 patients (70.5%) were recovered good from stroke attack. 15 patients (24.6%) were improved with residual neurologic deficits. In conclusion, aside from growing efforts of the radiologist to make the early diagnostic impression, the authors suggest that urgent neurosurgical explorations with the pathologic diagnostic decision should be requested to decrease the fatality.
Human mast cell에서 升麻葛根湯(승마갈근탕)의 항염증 효과에 대한 연구
금준호 ( Joon Ho Keum ),서윤수 ( Yun Soo Seo ),강옥화 ( Ok Hwa Kang ),최장기 ( Jang Gi Choi ),권동렬 ( Dong Yeul Kwon ) 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.5
Objectives : Seungmagalgeun-tang (SMGGT) is traditional medicine widely used for inflammatory disease and flu. But SMGGT exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity with an unknown mechanism. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of SMGGT water extract on pharmacological and biochemical actions in inflammation, we examined the effect of SMGGT on pro-inflammatory mediators in Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)+A23187 -stimulated mast cells. Methods : In the present study, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was determined by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot analysis to measure the activation of MAPKs. Cells were treated with SMGGT 1 h prior to the addition of 50 nM of PMA and 1 μM of A23187. Cell viability was measured by MTS assay. The investigation focused on whether SMGGT inhibited the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in PMA+A23187 -stimulated mast cells. Results : SMGGT has no cytotoxicity at examined concentration (100, 250, and 500 μg/ml). Also, gene expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in HMC-1 cells stimulated by PMA+A23187 was down regulated by SMGGT. Furthermore, SMGGT suppressed the PMA+A23187-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal Kinase(JNK). But, SMGGT could not regulate phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Conclusions : These results suggest that SMGGT has inhibitory effects on PMA+A23187-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production. These inhibitory effects occur through blockades on the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK.
趙俊模,琴在昊 한국경제학회 2002 經濟學硏究 Vol.50 No.1
본 연구는 한국노동패널자료를 활용하여 1996년에서 1999년의 2차 조사시점까지 전 직장을 비자발적으로 이직하였으나, 2000년의 제3차 조사시점까지 재취업에 성공한 이직자의 직장상실비용에 분석의 초점을 맞추고 있다. 직장상실비용이 재취업으로 인하여 상실된 임금의 크기로 정의될 경우, 연령이 많고 고학력일수록, 정규직에서 비정규직으로 이직할수록, 여타 산업으로 이직하였을수록 직장상실비용이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단순 OLS 모형과 함께 실업과 재취업의 선택편의, 근로자의 보이지 않는 이질성, 실업기간과 임금 사이의 연립성 문제를 감안하여 실직기간, 전 직장의 근속기간, 학력, 성별 등의 설명변수들이 재취업임금에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실직기간과 재취업임금 사이의 상관관계를 고려한 연립방정식의 추정결과, 실직기간에 따른 재취업임금의 변화가 단순 OLS 추정보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 단순 OLS 추정식이 실직기간의 재취업임금 탄력도를 하향추정하고 있음을 알리는 이러한 결과는 실업기간이 증가함에 따라 생산적 구직활동 가능성보다는 인적자본상각 혹은 시장차별효과가 지배할 가능성이 커짐을 시사한다. 고용형태의 전환이 임금에 미치는 효과도 단순 OLS 추정결과보다 이질성 및 연립성을 고려하였을 때 더욱 확대되었다. 이는 근로자의 이질성이나 연립성 문제를 고려하지 않았을 때 고용형태의 변화에 따른 임금상실 규모를 과소 평가할 위험성을 제시한다. Using KLISP data on displaced workers, this article investigates the wage consequences of job displacement in Korea under a framework that emphasizes the effect of change in job regularity, past job duration and unemployment duration on postdisplacement wages. Our model also attempts to take account of the simultaneity between unemployment duration and the postdsiplacement wage. It is found that the change in job regularity significantly affects the postdisplacement wages even after the worker's heterogeneity and simultaneity problems have been taken care of. It is also found that duration strongly reduces subsequent earnings and is thereby implied that loss in general human capital or the increased market discrimination more likely surpasses the gain from productive search with a longer duration.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ixeris dentata on Ultraviolet B-Induced HaCaT Keratinocytes
김성배,강옥화,Joon-Ho Keum,문수현,Hyun-Jin An,정현주,홍승헌,정동명,Kee-Tae Kweon,권동렬 한국생약학회 2012 Natural Product Sciences Vol.18 No.1
Human skin is the first line of defense for the protection of the internal organs of the body from different stimuli. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces skin damage and inflammation through the secretion of various cytokines, which are immune regulators produced by cells. To prevent the initiation of skin inflammation, keratinocytes that have been irreversibly damaged by radiation must be removed through the apoptotic mechanism. Ixeris dentata (family: Asteraceae) is a perennial medicinal herb indigenous to Korea. It has been used in Korea, China, and Japan to treat in digestion, pneumonia, diabetes, hepatitis, and tumors. To gain insight into the anti-inflammatory effects of I. dentata, we examined its influence on UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), by observing cells that were stimulated with UVB in the presence or absence of I. dentata. In the present study, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was determined by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis to measure the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs). I. dentata inhibited UVB-induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Further, I. dentata inhibited the UVB-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, I. dentata inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 MAPKs, suggesting that it inhibits the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, and COX-2 expression, by blocking MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that I. dentate can potentially protect against UVB-induced skin inflammation.