입원 남성 및 여성 알코올리즘 환자의 인구학적, 임상적 및 인격적 특성비교

정원후,김성부,장기용,손진욱,박철수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

저자들은 1996년 5월 1일부터 1996년 7월 15일까지 부산·경남·대구 소재의 대형정신병원과 종합병원에 입원해 있는 여성 알코올리즘을 대상으로 하고, 또한 같은 기간에 국립부곡정신병원에 입원한 남성 알코올리즘을 비교군으로 해서 사회인구학적 특성, 음주양상, 음주와 관련된 문제점, 성격 및 정신병리등을 비교하여 남녀 알코올리즘에서의 원인과 임상적 특성에서의 차이점을 알고자해서 본 연구를 하게 되었다. 저자들이 작성한 반구조화된 설문지, MAST(Michigan alcoholism screening test). Zung의 SAS(Self-rating anxiety scale)과 SDS(Self-rating depression scale). MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), SCL-90-R(Symptom checklist-90-revision) 및 EPQ(Eysenck personality questionnaire)등의 검사도구를 이용하였고, 그 결과를 독립표본 t-test(independent-samples t-test)와 χ²-test로 검정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 여성 알코올리즘에서 남성 알코올리즘보다 더 낮은 교육 수준을 보였으며 초등학교수준 이하가 52.4%를 차지하였다. 반면에 남성 알코올리즘에서는 중학교·고등학교 수준이 76.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 2) 여성 알코올리즘에서 형제들 중에서 더 낮은 서열을 보였으며 세째딸이 1/3로 가장 많았고 다음이 외동딸로써 23.8%를 차지하였다. 반면 남성 알코올리즘에서는 장남이 46.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 3) 여성 알코올리즘이 사회경제적 수준에서 더 낮았다(p〈0,01). 4) 여성 알코올리즘의 음주시작동기는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적, 심리적 갈등이나 다른 정신적인 문제, 가족들과의 갈등 등이 비슷하게 많았다. 그러나 남성 알코올리즘에서는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적으로 음주하는 경우가 절대적으로 많았다.(p〈0.05). 5) 처음으로 음주를 시작한 연령은 여성 알코올리즘보다는 남성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 어린 연령에서 시작하였다.(p〈0.001). 6) 1일 평균 음주량은 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 적었다.(p〈0.01). 7) 금단증상경험, 알코올성 신체장애 및 음주로 인한 법적 처벌경험도 남성 알코올리즘보다는 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 낮았다.(p〈0.05). 8) SCL-90-R에서 PSY척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘군에서 더 높았고, EPQ에서는 L척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘이 더 높았다(p〈0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구는 심리적 요인과 사회적 요인이 남녀 알코올리즘간에서 많은 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 여성 알코올리즘의 원인에는 심리적 또는 사회인구학적 요인이 더 밀접하게 연관이 되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objective : This study was designed to compare the characteristics of demographic data, clinical features, and personality in male and female alcoholics and to identify the clinically meaningful differences in the etiologies and the clinical features between the two groups. Methods : The study group was composed of 30 males and 21 females who were recruited into the impatient treatment. The researchers used self-reporting questionnaire composed of demographic data and drinking patterns, Michigan alcoholism screening test(MAST), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) of Zung, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), symptom Checklist-90-revision(SCL-90-R), and Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ). The differences between the two groups were tested by chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. Result : 1) Education level of the female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05) and the birth order the female alcoholics was significantly higher than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 2) The level of socioeconomic status of female alcoholics was significantly lower than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 3) The initial motivations of female alcoholics were mainly due to social, psychological, and intrafamilial problems while those of male alcoholics were due to social problems. There were significant difference between the two groups(p〈0.05). 4) The onset of initial drinking in female alcoholics was significantly earlier than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.001). 5) The average amount of daily drinking in female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 6) Withdrawal symptoms, physical disorder, and social or legal problems induced by alcohol drinking in female alcoholics were significantly less than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 7) The mean scores of PSY scale of SCL90R and of L scale of EPQ in female alcoholics were significantly higher than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). Conclusion : Demographic and psychosocial factors differed to a significant degree between male and female alcoholism. We suggest that these factors are more important in female alcoholism than in male one in the etiologies and the clinical features. These differences are due to more complex factors rather than simple ones, thus the further evaluations are needed to elucidate the differences in the etiologies between male and female alcoholism.

4-nitro-N-(triphenyl phosphoranylidene)의 전기화학적 환원에 관한 연구

최창진,김일광,이기학,전병영,김봉원 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1984 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.2

The electrochemical reduction of 4-nitro-N-(triphenyl-phosphoranylidene) in nonaqueous media has been examined by polarography, cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. The reduction of 4-nitro-N-(triphenylphosphoranylidene) proceeds by a one electron-transfer to form anion radical which undergoes both protonation and a second one electron reduction followed by cleavage of a phosphorous-phenyl bond was also observed after reduction of triphenylphosphine oxide which is one of the major products of the chemical reaction which follow the primary electrode process.

광중합기의 광원에 따른 브라켓 전단결합강도 비교

차정열,이기준,박선형,김태원,유형석 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.3

제논 플라즈마 아크 광중합기나 LED 광중합기가 치과영역에 소개된 이후로 기존의 텅스텐 할로겐 광중합기를 사용할 때에 비해 교정장치의 부착시간이 현저하게 줄어들 수 있게 되었다. 제논 플라즈마 아크 광중합기에 대한 중합시간과 전단강도에 대해서는 여러 연구가 있어왔던 반면, LED 광중합기를 이용하여 교정용장치의 부착을 위한 중합시간에 대한 연구는 미진하다. 본 연구의 목적은 LED 광중합기의 중합시간에 따른 결합강도를 플라즈마 아크 광중합기와 비교하여 적절한 브라켓의 부착강도를 얻기 위해 요구되는 중합시간을 알아보는데 있다. 120개의 발치된 사람의 소구치에 컴포짓 레진으로 브라켓을 부착시킨 후 4초, 6초, 8초 동안 플라즈마 아크 광원과 LED 광원으로 각각 중합시켰다. 그 후 결합강도를 만능시험기(Universal Testing Machine)로 계측한 결과, 플라즈마 아크 광중합기에서는 4초 이상에서, LED 광중합기에서는 8초 이상의 중합시간에서 기존의 할로겐 광원을 40초간 노출시켰을 때와 비슷한 전단결합강도를 나타내었다. 플라즈마 아크 광중합기와 LED 광중합기의 중합시간이 접착제 잔류지수(adhesive remnant index) 수치에 대해 영향을 미치지 않았다. With the introduction of the xenon plasma arc curing light and the LED curing light as orthodontic curing lights, the polymerizing time of orthodontic composites has clearly decreased. In contrast to various research cases regarding the polymerization time and bond strength of the xenon plasma arc curing light, not enough research exists on the LED curing light, including the appropriate polymerization time. The objective of this research was to compare the bond strength of the plasma curing light and the LED curing light in regards to the polymerization time. The polymerization time needed to achieve an appropriate adhesion strength of the bracket has also been studied. After applying orthodontic brackets using composite resin onto 120 human premolars, the plasma arc curing light and the LED curing light were used for polymerization for 4, 6, and 8 seconds accordingly. This research proved that the LED curing light provided appropriate bond strength for mounting orthodontic brackets even with short seconds of polymerization. The expensive cost and large size of the device limits the use of the plasma arc curing light, whereas the low cost and easy handling of the LED curing light may lead to greater use in orthodontics.

횡성댐 水沒地域內의 植生에 關한 硏究 : 移植對象區域을 中心으로 Centered with Subdivided Area to Select Plants Capable of Transfer

이우철,이기의,서옥하,조현길,백원기,김경진 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 1997 Journal of Forest Science Vol.13 No.-

본 조사 연구는 江原道 橫成郡 甲川面과 橫成邑 일부를 포함하는 지역에 횡성댐이 건설됨에 따라 수몰되어질 自然生態系의 復元과 保存計劃의 일부로 수행되어졌다. 移植對象區域인 7개소를 중심으로 綠地自然度, 植生現存量 및 생산량 種組成과 植生에 관해 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 綠地自然度를 등급별로 사정한 결과 등급 0(3.01%), 1(5.3%), 2(28.2%), 3(0.1%), 5(0.2%), 7(4.6%), 7(44.7%), 및 8(13.8%)의 8개 등급으로 구분되었다. 2. 전체조사지역의 現存量과 生産量은 각각 88,436.3 ton/year 과 12,960.3 ton/year 이었다. 3. 조사지역의 陸上植物의 種組成은 86科, 221屬, 306種, 1變種, 3品種의 총 310種으로 조사되었다. 4. 선정된 7개의 植生調査地點에서는 소나무군락이 憂占하며, 그밖에 신갈나무군락, 떡갈나무군락, 상수리나무군락으로 나타났다. This study was carried out in a part of conservative plans recovering natural ecosystem which will be submerged, as Hoengseong dam is being constructed around Hoengseong-Eup and Gabcheon-Myun. The submerged area was divided into 7 small areas to figure out what kinds of species of plants are and will be according to detailed geographic characteristics. In the center of the subdivided areas. Degree of Green Naturality, standing biomass, net 36production per year, and composition of plant species were investigated. The results are as following; 1. The surveyed area was classified into 8 degree by Degree of Green Naturality, and the appeared degree and the rate of occupation were 0(3.01%), 1(5.3%), 2(28.2%), 3(0.1%), 5(0.2%), 7(4.6%), 7(44.7%), 및 8(13.8%). 2. Standing biomass was 88,436.3 ton/year and net production per year was 12,960.3 ton/year. 3. The list of vascular plants identified in this study consisted of 86 families, 221genera, 1 variety, 3 formae and 306 species, totally summiting upto 310 species. 4. The 7 surveyed areas were largely occupied by Pinus community. In addition, there were Quercus mongolica, Quercus dentata, and Quercus acutissima communities.

Development of Application Technique of Aluminum Sandwich Sheets for Automotive Hood

Kim, Kee-Joo,Rhee, Meung-Ho,Choi, Byung-Ik,Kim, Cheol-Woong,Sung, Chang-Won,Han, Chang-Pyung,Kang, Ki-Weon,Won, Si-Tae 한국정밀공학회 2009 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.10 No.4

Objective of this study was to develop basic techniques in order to apply aluminum sandwich sheets for an automotive hood part. The aluminum sandwich sheet is the material fabricated by adhering two aluminum skins to one polypropylene core. When it has the same bending stiffness as a steel sheet, it is 65% lighter than the steel sheet and 30% lighter than an aluminum alloy sheet. Therefore, it is notified exclusively as good substitutive materials for a steel body to improve the fuel efficiency. Through aluminum sandwich sheet, however, it has relatively lower formability than that of the steel sheet for automotive application. In this study, we developed application techniques of the aluminum sandwich sheet for automotive hood. The various formability evaluations were carried out in order to secure the fundamental data for the measurement of sheet metal forming and the establishment of optimum application conditions of the sandwich sheet. From these results, it was found that the sandwich sheet could reduce the weight and maintain the flexural rigidity simultaneously comparing to the steel sheet.

Assessment of risk factors for Korean children with Kawasaki disease.

Kim, Jae-Jung,Hong, Young Mi,Yun, Sin Weon,Han, Myung Ki,Lee, Kyung-Yil,Song, Min Seob,Lee, Hyoung-Doo,Kim, Dong Soo,Sohn, Sejung,Ha, Kee-Soo,Hong, Soo-Jong,Kim, Kwi-Joo,Park, In-Sook,Jang, Gi Young,L Springer International] 2012 Pediatric cardiology Vol.33 No.4

<P>Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the standard therapy for KD, but more than 10% of KD patients do not respond to IVIG and are at high risk for the development of coronary artery lesions (CALs). To identify clinical and genetic risk factors associated with CAL development and IVIG nonresponsiveness, this study analyzed the clinical data for 478 Korean KD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that incomplete KD, IVIG nonresponse, fever duration of 7??days or longer, and the CC/AC genotypes of the rs7604693 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the PELI1 gene were significantly associated with the development of CALs, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 2.06 to 3.04. The risk of CAL formation was synergistically increased by the addition of individual risk factors, particularly the genetic variant in the PELI1 gene. Multivariate analysis also showed that a serum albumin level of 3.6??g/dl or lower was significantly associated with nonresponsiveness to IVIG [OR, 2.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.34-5.68; P??=??0.006]. Conclusively, incomplete KD, IVIG nonresponsiveness, long febrile days, and the rs7604693 genetic variant in the PELI1 gene are major risk factors for the development of CALs, whereas low serum albumin concentration is an independent risk factor for IVIG nonresponsiveness.</P>

IgA Levels Are Associated with Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki Disease

Jae-Jung Kim,Hea-Ji Kim,Jeong Jin Yu,Sin Weon Yun,Kyung-Yil Lee,Kyung Lim Yoon,Hong-Ryang Kil,Gi Beom Kim,Myung-Ki Han,Min Seob Song,이형두,Hyun Ok Jun,Kee Soo Ha,Young Mi Hong,장기영,Jong-Keuk Lee 대한심장학회 2021 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.51 No.3

Background and Objectives: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that affects the coronary arteries. Abnormal immune reactions are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. The effect of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype (IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE) on inflammatory data and clinical outcomes of patients with KD was examined. Methods: Ig levels in 241 patients with KD were measured during the acute, subacute, convalescent, and normal phases of the disease. Results: Compared with reference Ig values, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were significantly higher in the subacute phase, while IgE levels were elevated in 73.9% (178/241) of patients with KD in all clinical phases. However, high IgE levels were not associated with clinical outcomes, including intravenous immunoglobulin unresponsiveness and coronary artery lesions (CALs). Significantly more CALs were observed in the high IgA group than in the normal IgA group (44.7% vs. 20.8%, respectively; p<0.01). In addition, IgA levels in the acute phase (p=0.038) were 2.2-fold higher, and those in the subacute phase were 1.7-fold higher (p <0.001), in the CAL group than in the non-CAL group. IgA concentrations increased along with the size of the coronary artery aneurysm (p <0.001). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between IgA levels and CAL size (r=0.435, p<0.001), with a high odds ratio of 2.58 (p=0.022). Conclusions: High IgA levels in patients with KD are prognostic for the risk of CALs.

만성 B 형 간염환자에서 알파 인터페론의 용량에 따른 치료 효과

최예원(Ye Weon Choi),박승욱(Seung Wook Park),김규태(Kyu Tae Kim),조호준(Ho Jun Cho),고순희(Soon Hee Ko),김동규(Dong Kyu Kim),신호균(Ho Kyun Shin),김학양(Hak Yang Kim),박충기(Choong Kee Park),임규성(Kyu Sung Lim),유재영(Jae Young Yoo) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

To assess the effect of different dosages of interferon alpha-2b(Intron A), 43 patients with chronic hepatitis B were assigned randomly to 3 groups: Group A, l5 patients, received Intron A in a dose of 3 million units (MU) thrice weekly for 12 weeks (total dosage: 1.8×108); Group B, 14 patients, received in a dose of 3 MU every day for the first month and thereafter every other day for the following 4 months (total dosage: 2.7×108); Group C, 14 patients, received no specific therapy. They included 34 men and 9 women, between 17 to 53 (mean 35) years of ages, with elevated serum AST and ALT levels; 41 to 879 (mean 289), and 57 to 334 (mean 288)U/L, respectively. Needle biopsies of the liver before therapy revealed chronic active hepatitis in 35 cases and active cirrhosis in 7 cases, The average follow-up period was 12 months. The results were as follows; 1) During the therapy, serum ALT levels returned to normal in 12 (80%) of Group A and in 12 (86%) of Group B, but increased again in 8 out of 12 in Group A, and in 4 out of 12 in Group B during the follow-up period, In Group C, the ALT level returned to normal in 3 out of 15 during the same period. 2) Serum HBeAg became negative in 6 out of group A in 11 out of Group B, but became positive again in 2 out of 6 in Group A and in 3 out of 11 in Group B during the follow-up period; The sero-negative conversion rate of HBeAg at the end of this study was 27 in Group A and 57% in Group B. In Group C, the sero-conversion of HBeAg was found in 2 out of 14 (14%). A statistically significant difference was noted between Group B and Group C (p<0.05). 3) Comparison of responders and non-responders in the treated group showed no differences in age, sex, liver fuction test, and tissue pathology. 4) Although flu-like symptoms (100%), loss of hair l (10%), and leukopenia (40%) were observed in the treated group, no serious side effects necessitating discontinuation of the therapy were observed. In conclusion, this study showed that the effect of interferon on patients with chronic hepatitis B might be different depending on the dosage and duration of therapy and that with increased dosage, the response rate could to be higher. But further studies should be carried out to determine the exact duration and dosage of therapy in these patients.

십이지장의 원발성 선암종

김인철(In Chul Kim),김부성(Boo Sung Kim),정진우(Jin Wu Jeong),김병기(Byung Kee Kim),이창돈(Chang Don Lee),조현미(Hyun Mi Cho),육근수(Kun soo Yook),김주철(Ju Cherl Kim),조기원(Ki Weon cho) 대한소화기학회 1989 대한소화기학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Primary Cancer of the duodenum is rare. The rarity and the non-specific symptoms of this cancer make the diagnosis difficult and are major factors contributing to its poor prognosis. As the prognosis of primary cancer of the duodenum, once metastasized, is poor, a greater awareness of the possibility of a duodenal cancer must accompany aggressive diagnostic and surgical procedures. We report our experience of a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum with a brief review of literatures.

진단기준에 따른 아토피피부염 유병률의 차이: Hanifin-Rajka, 일본인 및 한국인 진단기준에 따른 유병률의 차이 및 특징

김준영 ( Jun Young Kim ),임현정 ( Hyun Jung Lim ),김호연 ( Ho Youn Kim ),이원기 ( Won Kee Lee ),김병수 ( Byung Soo Kim ),이원주 ( Weon Ju Lee ),이석종 ( Seok Jong Lee ),김도원 ( Do Won Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2010 대한피부과학회지 Vol.48 No.8

Background: Although surveys on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) have been carried out worldwide, the results vary widely. The differences were probably due to the use of different diagnostic criteria. Objective: To evaluate the differences in prevalence and characteristics of AD according to various diagnostic criteria. Methods: The criteria of Hanifin and Rajka, Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA) and Korean AD diagnostic criteria were applied and compared in 733 children, aged from 3 to 6 years. Survey using questionnaires was conducted on their parents. Using these data, more precise analysis was performed about the differences in prevalence and their leading factors. Results: The prevalence rates of AD (number of the patients) were 7.9% (58/733), 8.0% (59/733), 11.2% (82/733) from Korean AD, JDA, Hanifin and Rajka diagnostic criteria, respectively. The number of children simultaneously diagnosed with AD in all three criteria was 45. According to our study, the lowest prevalence rate recorded by the Korean AD diagnostic criteria may be due to absence of the major features of chronic relapsing dermatitis (Youden`s J index: 0.80) and the minor features of onset of early age (Youden`s J index: 0.60). Conclusion: Through careful analysis of various AD diagnostic features, we demonstrated some diagnostically significant clinical features of AD that determine difference in prevalence. These results may be applicable in the revision of Korean AD diagnostic criteria to enable more accurate and practical diagnosis of AD in the near future. (Korean J Dermatol 2010;48(8):649~656)